The international trade development of the Punta Arenas Sea Port (Chile), 1905-1914

Indexación: Scopus.El artículo analiza el desarrollo comercial con datos cuantitativos obtenidos de los Anuarios Comerciales de las República de Chile para observar en detalle el grado comercial que adquirió el puerto de Punta Arenas entre los años de mayor auge económico de la región, también conocido como la época dorada. Para esto, se hace una introducción del período de la colonia y de la expansión que tuvo la ciudad de Punta Arenas a finales del siglo XIX para luego pasar a explicar cómo el comercio internacional fue un pilar fundamental para este puerto de la zona austral.This article analyzes the commercial development of the Punta Arenas se port using quantitative data obtained from the yearbooks of the Republic of Chile. The aim is to observe in detail the level of commercial activity in the port of Punta Arenas during the years of greater economic boom in the region, known as the golden age. An overview of the colony's period and the expansion of the city of Punta Arenas at the end of the 19th century is provided to address this objective. Subsequently, the essential role of the international trade for this port in the southernmost zone of Chile is illustrated and interpreted.https://scielo.conicyt.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-22442017000100035&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=e

Evidence of social deprivation on the spatial patterns of excess winter mortality

Objectives: The aims of this study are to identify the patterns of excess winter mortality (due to diseases of the circulatory system) and to analyse the association between the excess winter deaths (EWD) and socio-economic deprivation in Portugal. Methods: The number of EWD in 2002–2011 was estimated by comparing the number of deaths in winter months with the average number in non-winter months. The EWD ratio of each municipality was calculated by following the indirect standardization method and then compared with two deprivation indexes (socio-material and housing deprivation index) through ecological regression models. Results: This study found that: (1) the EWD ratio showed considerable asymmetry in its geography; (2) there are significant positive associations between the EWD ratio and both deprivation indexes; and (3) at the higher level of deprivation, housing conditions have a stronger association with EWD than socio-material conditions. Conclusions: The significant association between two deprivation dimensions (socio-material and housing deprivation) and EWDs suggests that EWD geographical pattern is influenced by deprivation.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

World financial liberalization and its effects on capital flows

This paper investigates the determining factors in private capital flow, differentiating foreign direct investment (FDI) from other flows and emphasizing the role of financial liberalization and. Two reasons brought about this examination. The first is the substantial increase in private capital flow mainly in the 90s, not only in developed countries but also in developing ones. The second is a greater liberalization process in these economies. This article builds financial liberalization indicators based on political rules. The capital account liberalization is introduced as an explanatory variable in the model that investigates the determinants behind the capital flows. The resulting estimates confirm the econometric results suggested by some of the literature on the subject: the size of the market and the rate of inflation are important variables to explain the private capital flows, just like the infrastructure is relevant when it comes to developing nations. The positive influence of capital account liberalization on capital flows, which comes up in robust estimates, contrasts with the results included in the recent literature on this issue. The new findings are attributable to the differentiation between the types of capital flows, to the use of a proper liberalization indicator and to the econometric method appliedLiberalization, Capital flows, FDI, determinants of capital flows

Illustrated Sustainability

Brazil is a strong representative of world production in the textile sector. The fashion industry has economic benefits for the country, however it is responsible for negative impacts on the environment. In the search for sustainable alternatives, concepts and techniques emerge that aim to mitigate the impacts caused by the growing demand, including zero waste disposal. Fashion illustration is an area of ​​fashion that has gained greater visibility, and presents concepts, meanings and symbologies through graphics. This article approaches fashion illustration as a way to disseminate reflections on the zero disposal of textile waste. Thus, it presents illustrations that give new meaning to waste, inserting in its graphic composition textile elements arising from the construction of fashion artifacts. Therefore, the illustrations can be explored through reflective symbologies providing contributions to a cleaner and more sustainable fashion.Brasil es un fuerte representante de la producción mundial en el sector textil. La industria de la moda tiene beneficios económicos para el país, sin embargo es responsable de los impactos negativos sobre el medio ambiente. En la búsqueda de alternativas sostenibles surgen conceptos y técnicas que tienen como objetivo mitigar los impactos provocados por la creciente demanda, incluida la eliminación cero de residuos. La ilustración de moda es un área de la moda que ha ganado mayor visibilidad y presenta conceptos, significados y simbologías a través de la gráfica. Este artículo aborda la ilustración de moda como una forma de difundir reflexiones sobre la eliminación cero de residuos textiles. Así, presenta ilustraciones que dan un nuevo significado al desperdicio, insertando en su composición gráfica elementos textiles derivados de la construcción de artefactos de moda. Por lo tanto, las ilustraciones se pueden explorar a través de simbologías reflectantes que aportan contribuciones a una moda más limpia y sostenible.O Brasil é um forte representante da produção mundial no setor têxtil. A indústria da moda apresenta benefícios econômicos para o país, entretanto é responsável por impactos negativos no meio ambiente. Na busca por alternativas sustentáveis surgem conceitos e técnicas que visam amenizar os impactos causados diante da crescente demanda, entre eles o descarte zero de resíduos. A ilustração de moda é uma área da moda que tem ganhado maior visibilidade, e apresenta conceitos, significados e simbologias por meio gráfico. O presente artigo aborda a ilustração de moda como um caminho para disseminar reflexões acerca do descarte zero de resíduos têxteis. Assim, apresenta ilustrações que ressignificam resíduos, inserindo em sua composição gráfica elementos têxteis advindos da construção de artefatos de moda. Portanto, as ilustrações podem ser exploradas por meio de simbologias reflexivas fornecendo contribuições para uma moda mais limpa e sustentável

Sobrevivência da Artilharia de Campanha: As Táticas, Técnicas e Procedimentos que garantem a Sobrevivência da Artilharia de Campanha face às Novas Ameaças

A presente investigação é subordinada ao tema “A Sobrevivência da Artilharia de Campanha (AC) - As Táticas, Técnicas e Procedimentos (TTP) que garantem a Sobrevivência da AC face às Novas Ameaças”, e tem como objetivo geral identificar quais as TTP que, face à nova génese de ameaças, garantem a sobrevivência da AC. De modo a alcançar este objetivo geral foram criados quatro objetivos específicos. O primeiro, que consistiu na caracterização dos Temas de Campanha em que a AC atua, o segundo, onde se identificou quais as principais ameaças para cada Tema de Campanha, em terceiro lugar identificaram-se as TTP empregues pela Bateria de Bocas de Fogo para contrariar estas ameaças e, por último, analisou-se, através de análises SWOT e confrontação de inquéritos, quais as TTP que realmente garantem a Sobrevivência da AC. No decorrer desta investigação, foi utilizado o método indutivo que permitiu partir de observações mais específicas, como é o caso de certas TTP empregues para reagir a certas ameaças, para generalizações e observações gerais, como é exemplo a identificação de oportunidades gerais e conclusões mais amplas. Foi possível chegar à conclusão que existiam TTP que já se encontravam algo desatualizadas, bem como ameaças que ainda não se encontravam vertidas nos manuais adotados pela Bateria de Bocas de Fogo. Foi igualmente concluído que os manuais necessitavam de uma reestruturação, quer ao nível das ameaças que se colocam a uma Bateria, quer das TTP utilizadas para as contrariar.Abstract This research is entitled “Survival of the Field Artillery (FA) - The Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTP) that ensure the survival of the FA facing the New Threats, and has the overall goal to identify which TTP can, facing these new threats, ensure the survival of the FA. In order to achieve this general objective, there were created four derivated goals. The first was to characterize the Campaign Themes in which the FA acts, the second was to identify the main threats for each Campaign Theme, the third was to identify which TTP were employed by the FA Battery to counter these threats, and finally to identify, and through SWOT analysis and confrontation of surveys, which TTP actually guarantee the survival of the FA. In the course of this investigation, it was used the inductive method enabling observations from more specific situations, as is the case of certain TTP employed to react to certain threats, to bigger generalizations and general information, such as identification of opportunities and broader general conclusions. It was reached to the conclusion that some TTP are particularly outdated and tha some threats are not yet shed in the manuals adopted by the FA Battery. It was also concluded that the manuals needed restructuring, both in terms of threats opposing a battery or the TTP used to counter them