130 research outputs found

    Q Fever: characteristics and reports of an important neglected zoonosis in Brazil / Febre Q: características e relatos de uma importante zoonose negligenciada no Brasil

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    The Q fever is a zoonotic disease neglected in many countries all over the world. This zoonosis is caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii, a pathogen that presents stability and environmental resistance with high capacity to cause human infection, which could be fatal. This literature review study aims to describe the general aspects of Q fever, presenting the main cases occurred in Brazil and discussing ways to avoid this zoonosis negligence and underreporting in Brazil. The Q fever is still a disease unknown by the larger part of healthcare professionals in Brazil. In addition, the disease in humans presents a clinical picture similar to that of other acute feverish diseases. Therefore, cases of Q fever cannot be diagnosed and their treatment can be erroneous, which can increase the chances of chronic Q fever occurrence. The inclusion of Q fever as a disease of mandatory notification in humans and the utilization of the "One Health" approach are essential for the confrontation of the disease. Moreover, measures for the control, investigation, and prevention of Q fever will contribute to avoid the occurrence of outbreaks and possible worsening resulting from this zoonosis

    Perfil da hepatite A no município de Belém, Pará, Brasil

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    Introduction: Hepatitis A is a serious public health problem in the world; although it has shown a drop in its incidence rates in the state of Pará, northern Brazil, the incidence has remained high. Objective: The sociodemographic and epidemiological profiles of hepatitis A in the city of Belém, were determined. Method: The research was carried out with data from the records of the Information System of Diseases and Notification of cases of hepatitis from 2007 to 2016. To obtain the sociodemographic profile, the variables age, sex, race and schooling were used, which were associated to the number of cases through chi-square analysis in software R. In determining the epidemiological profile, the variables vaccine for hepatitis A, institutionalized in, final classification and probable source were used. Results: The frequency of hepatitis A was higher in men, children, persons declared brown and in people without a fixed institution. The cases are diagnosed by laboratory tests and have as main source of infection contaminated food and water. Conclusions: The profiles show the groups with the highest risk and factors that most corroborate for hepatitis A infection in the individuals of the city of Belém. Investments are necessary, in the area of sanitation so that there is an effective reduction of the cases in this municipality.Introdução: A hepatite A é um grave problema de saúde pública no mundo. Embora tenha apresentado queda em suas taxas de incidências nacionais, no estado do Pará, Região Norte do Brasil, a incidência tem se mantido alta. Objetivo: Determinar os perfis sociodemográfico e epidemiológico da hepatite A no município de Belém. Método: A pesquisa foi realizada com os dados das fichas do Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação dos casos de hepatite período de 2007 a 2016. Para a obtenção do perfil sociodemográfico utilizou-se as variáveis idade, sexo, raça e escolaridade, que foram associados ao número de casos através da análise de qui-quadrado no software R. Na determinação do perfil epidemiológico, usaram-se as variáveis: vacina para hepatite A; institucionalizado em; classificação final; e provável fonte. Resultados: A frequência da hepatite A foi maior em homens, crianças, pessoas declaradas pardas e em pessoas sem instituição fixa. Os casos são diagnosticados por testes laboratoriais e têm como fonte de infecção principal a água e alimentos contaminados. Conclusões: Os perfis evidenciam os grupos de maior risco e os fatores que mais corroboram para a infecção da hepatite A nos indivíduos do município de Belém. São necessários investimentos na área de saneamento para que haja uma efetiva diminuição dos casos nesta área

    Raiva em herbívoros no estado do Pará, Brasil: estudo descritivo (2004 a 2013)

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    PARC/PROPESP and PAPQ/ PROPESPUniversidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Instituto Federal de Educação do Tocantins. Palmas, TO, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Graduate Program in Health Sciences. Sinop, MT, Brazil.Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Campus de Pesquisa. Programa de Capacitação Institucional. Coordenação Ciências da Terra e Ecologia. Belém, PA, Brazil.Agência de Defesa Agropecuária do Pará. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Geoprocessamento. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Laboratório de Epidemiologia e Geoprocessamento. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Rabies is an important zoonosis to public health associated with lethal encephalitis and economic losses. Analysis of its spatial distribution is a meaningful tool in understanding its dispersion, which may contribute to the control and prophylaxis of the disease. This study analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution of rabies outbreaks in livestock in Pará state, Brazil, from 2004 to 2013. We used records of neurological syndromes obtained from the state’s livestock authority (Adepará). The analysis recorded 711 neurological syndromes reports in livestock, of which 32.8% were positive for rabies. In 8% of the neurological syndromes (n=57) was not possible to perform the analysis because of bad-packaging conditions of the samples sent. Outbreaks involved at least 1,179 animals and cattle were the most affected animal species (76.8%). The numbers of reported neurological syndromes and of rabies outbreak shad strong positive correlation and exhibited decreasing linear trend. Spatially, most outbreaks occurred in two mesoregions in Pará (Northeast and Southeast). One of the justifications for this spatial distribution may be related with the distribution of the animals in the state, since these mesoregions are the largest cattle producers in Pará and have most of their territory deforested for pasture implementation

    First inventory of the sandfly fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

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    Introduction: This study aimed to inventory the phlebotomine sandfl y fauna present in the urban area of Juiz de Fora, with an emphasis on the genus Lutzomyia. Methods: Capture was performed from March to September 2012, using HP light traps placed at peridomestic sites, in a municipal kennel and a forest biome. Results: A total of 133 specimens were captured, representing eight species of the genus Lutzomyia. Lutzomyia pascalei was the most prevalent species. Conclusions: This research provides an inventory and description of the spatial locations of the phlebotomine sandfl y fauna of Juiz de Fora.

    GEOPROCESSAMENTO E GESTÃO PÚBLICA: UMA ANÁLISE SOCIOAMBIENTAL DOS CASOS DE DENGUE EM BELÉM (PA)

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    A dengue é a arbovirose mais difundida no mundo com alto potencial de desenvolvimento em regiões de clima tropical. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a distribuição espacial e ambiental dos casos de dengue, nos anos de 2015 e 2016 em Belém (PA). Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa documental, bibliográfica, de cunho exploratório, descritivo e abordagem quantitativa. Neste contexto, a área de estudo correspondeu ao município de Belém, estado do Pará. Vale destacar que os dados secundários foram obtidos do SINAN, do Ministério da Saúde, IBGE e USGS; já os dados primários foram adquiridos mediante a realização do georreferenciamento em lote pelo Batchcoordinatese Google Maps. Os dados foram depurados no Microsoft Excel e importados para o Banco de Dados Geográfico (BDGeo), em seguida, os mapas foram produzidos no software ArcGis Desktop 10.3. Foram georreferenciados 1440 casos de dengue. Notou-se que esses casos são pertinentes as áreas urbanizadas e estão intimamente relacionados à precariedade das habitações e do saneamento ambiental existente em Belém. Através de análise espacial (técnica de Kernel), observou-se que as aglomerações dos casos estão evidenciadas nos distritos DABEL, DAGUA e DASAC. A população mais atingida foi referente às faixas de escolaridade com níveis mais elevados e pertencentes ao sexo feminino. Dessa forma, a aplicação das ferramentas de geoprocessamento foram fundamentais para as análises associadas à epidemiologia da dengue no município, pois foi possível identificar as áreas de risco e realizar a distribuição espacial do agravo, permitindo assim mecanismos de controle e monitoramento da doença

    Pesquisa malacológica de Biomphalaria em municípios da Estrada Real, situados no sudeste do Estado de Minas Gerais

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    INTRODUCTION: The increasing practice of ecotourism and rural tourism in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, highlights the importance of studies concerning the occurrence of potential intermediate hosts of Schistosoma mansoni. This study aimed to identify species of Biomphalaria snails in municipalities along the Estrada Real, an important Brazilian tourism project. METHODS: The specimens were collected in different water collections of 36 municipalities along the Estrada Real in the southeast of the State of Minas Gerais. Biomphalaria species were characterized using both morphological and molecular approaches. The research was conducted between August 2005 and September 2009 and all the sites visited were georeferenced using GPS. RESULTS: Six Biomphalaria species were found in 30 of the 36 municipalities studied: glabrata, tenagophila, straminea, peregrina, occidentalis and schrammi. The first three species of Biomphalaria, recognized as intermediate hosts of S. mansoni, were present in 33.3%, 47.2% and 8.3% of the municipalities studied, respectively. The mollusks were found in different types of water collections and no infection by S. mansoni was detected. The highest occurrence of Biomphalaria concentration was verified in the area covered by the Caminho Novo route (Diamantina/MG to Rio de Janeiro/RJ). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the occurrence of schistosomiasis in the State of Minas Gerais and the socioeconomic repercussions involved in the Estrada Real Project, this work focuses on the vulnerability of water collections due to the presence of Biomphalaria mollusks and emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance and sanitary and educational measures integrated with the local community and tourism sectors.INTRODUÇÃO: O aumento das práticas de ecoturismo e turismo rural, em Minas Gerais, Brasil, evidencia a importância de se realizarem estudos sobre a ocorrência de hospedeiros intermediários do Schistosoma mansoni, no estado. O presente trabalho objetivou a busca e identificação das espécies de caramujos Biomphalaria encontrados em municípios mineiros pertencentes à Estrada Real, um importante projeto de turismo brasileiro. MÉTODOS: Os moluscos foram coletados em 36 municípios da Estrada Real, no sudeste de Minas Gerais. A pesquisa foi realizada de agosto de 2005 a setembro de 2009 e todos os locais visitados foram georreferenciados com o uso de GPS. RESULTADOS: Dos 36 municípios estudados, 30 apresentaram a ocorrência de pelo menos uma entre as seis espécies de Biomphalaria: glabrata, tenagophila, straminea, peregrina, occidentalis e schrammi. As três primeiras espécies citadas, reconhecidas como hospedeiras intermediárias do S. mansoni, estavam presentes em 33,3%, 47,2% e 8,3% dos municípios estudados, respectivamente. Os moluscos foram encontrados em diferentes tipos de coleções hídricas e em nenhum deles foi detectada infecção pelo S. mansoni. Houve maior ocorrência de Biomphalaria na área referente ao Caminho Novo (Diamantina/MG ao Rio de Janeiro/RJ). CONCLUSÕES: Considerando-se a ocorrência da esquistossomose, no Estado de Minas Gerais, e as repercussões socioeconômicas que envolvem o projeto Estrada Real, este trabalho aponta para a vulnerabilidade das coleções hídricas devido à presença de moluscos Biomphalaria e enfatiza a necessidade de vigilância epidemiológica e medidas educativas e sanitárias integradas com a comunidade local e setores de turismo

    Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

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    Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

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    Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types
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