Epidemiología Genética de la Hipertensión Arterial en el Noreste de México. I. Determinación del Tamaño de Muestra

El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar a partir de un muestreo piloto el número de familias nucleares (progenitores-descendientes) adecuado para realizar un estudio de epidemiología genética de la hipertensión arterial (HTA) en el Noreste de México. Material y métodos: Como muestra piloto, participaron 14 familias. Los cuatro abuelos de los progenitores nacieron en alguno de los cinco estados del Noreste de México. La muestra quedo distribuidas en: Familia I. Ambos progenitores sin HTA (n = 3), Familia II. Un progenitor con HTA y el otro sin HTA (n = 5) y Familia III. Ambos progenitores con HTA (n = 6). La información progenitores-descendientes se recolectó previo consentimiento informado para cada integrante, el cual consistió en 10 variables cuantitativas: edad, presión sistólica, presión diastólica, estatura, peso, glucosa, colesterol, triglicéridos, HDL y LDL. El tamaño de muestra se determino mediante dos procedimientos: 1. Para cada una de las variables cuantitativas de progenitores y descendientes, se determino el tamaño de muestra mediante el paquete MINITAB V15.0 (modulo ANOVA unifactorial) y 2. Para la asociación de los 3 tipos de familias con los tipos de descendientes (con y sin HTA) se hizo una tabla de contingencia de 3x2 mediante el paquete N´Query Advisor v4.0. Resultados: Procedimiento 1. En los progenitores la variable peso dio el mayor tamaño de muestra = 105 (35 por tipo de familia) mientras que en los descendientes la variable estatura dio el mayor tamaño de muestra = 201 (67 por tipo de familia). Los cálculos se hicieron con un valor de significancia (Alfa) de 0.05 y un potencial (1-Beta) del 80%. Procedimiento 2. A partir de la tabla 3x2 se obtuvo un tamaño de efecto (Delta al cuadrado) del 0.1773. La cual sirvió para crear una tabla de tamaño de muestra con valores de significancia del 0.05 al 0.001 y potenciales del 80 al 99%. El número mínimo de familias obtenido fue de 19 (Alfa = 0.05 y 1-Beta = 80%) y el máximo de 67 (Alfa = 0.001 y 1-Beta = 99%). Considerando a la Familia I como el grupo control se encontró una tendencia de mayor riesgo (OR) para las Familias II (3.00) y III (8.57). Conclusión. Consideramos que un tamaño de muestra de 201 familias nucleares (67 por grupo de familia) nos brindara la significancia y representatividad para continuar con el estudio multicentrico y multidisciplinario de la epidemiología genética de la HTA en el Noreste de México

Genotoxicity by Electromagnetic Fields

Modern life implies a constant exposure of living organisms to many sources of radiation, especially electromagnetic fields (EMFs) generated by our technological devices. The question of whether or not EMFs in the non-ionizing extremely low frequency (ELF) range can induce genotoxic effects is currently a subject of interest. People of industrialized societies are commonly exposed to EMFs and waves in a very broad range of frequencies, including power lines, telecommunications, and domestic and industrial equipment. In this review, we present controversial evidence from our research group and others of genotoxicity induced by ELF-EMFs, since scientific community consider EMF devices produce marginal amounts of energy, which does not justify any DNA alterations, together with conflicting laboratory results and few epidemiological studies. However, in 2002 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) categorized ELF-EMFs as being potential carcinogenic and genotoxic agents to humans. The aim of the present chapter is to discuss the role of ELM-EMFs on human genotoxicity

Lung Radiology and Pulmonary Function of Children Chronically Exposed to Air Pollution

We analyzed the chest radiographs (CXRs) of 249 clinically healthy children, 230 from southwest Mexico City and 19 from Tlaxcala. In contrast to children from Tlaxcala, children from southwest Mexico City were chronically exposed to ozone levels exceeding the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for an average of 4.7 hr/day and to concentrations of particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM(2.5)) above the annual standard. CXRs of Mexico City children demonstrated bilateral hyperinflation (151 of 230) and increased linear markings (121 of 230). Hyperinflation and interstitial markings were significantly more common in Mexico City children (p < 0.0002 and 0.00006 respectively). Mexico City boys had a higher probability of developing interstitial markings with age (p = 0.004). Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained in 25 selected Mexico City children with abnormal CXRs. Mild bronchial wall thickening was seen in 10 of 25, prominent central airways in 4 of 25, air trapping in 8 of 21, and pulmonary nodules in 2 of 21. Only 7.8% of Mexico City children had abnormal lung function tests based on predicted values. These findings are consistent with bronchiolar, peribronchiolar, and/or alveolar duct inflammation, possibly caused by ozone, PM, and lipopolysaccharide exposure. The epidemiologic implications of these findings are important for children residing in polluted environments, because bronchiolar disease could lead to chronic pulmonary disease later in life

Elucidating the neuropathologic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Acknowledgements We want to express our gratitude to the Union Medical University Clinic, Dominican Republic, for their support and collaboration in the development of this research project. We also want to express our gratitude to the Mexican families who have donated the brain of their loved ones affected with Alzheimer's disease and made our research possible. This work is dedicated to the memory of Professor Dr. José Raúl Mena López†.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Antitumor activity of colloidal silver on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Colloidal silver has been used as an antimicrobial and disinfectant agent. However, there is scarce information on its antitumor potential. The aim of this study was to determine if colloidal silver had cytotoxic effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells and its mechanism of cell death.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>MCF-7 breast cancer cells were treated with colloidal silver (ranged from 1.75 to 17.5 ng/mL) for 5 h at 37°C and 5% CO₂atmosphere. Cell Viability was evaluated by trypan blue exclusion method and the mechanism of cell death through detection of mono-oligonucleosomes using an ELISA kit and TUNEL assay. The production of NO, LDH, and Gpx, SOD, CAT, and Total antioxidant activities were evaluated by colorimetric assays.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Colloidal silver had dose-dependent cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 breast cancer cells through induction of apoptosis, shown an LD₅₀(3.5 ng/mL) and LD₁₀₀(14 ng/mL) (*P < 0.05), significantly decreased LDH (*P < 0.05) and significantly increased SOD (*P < 0.05) activities. However, the NO production, and Gpx, CAT, and Total antioxidant activities were not affected in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. PBMC were not altered by colloidal silver.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The present results showed that colloidal silver might be a potential alternative agent for human breast cancer therapy.</p

Socioeconomic inequalities in low birth weight risk before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina: A cross-sectional study

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have exacerbated existing socioe- conomic inequalities in health. In Argentina, public hospitals serve the poorest uninsured segment of the population, while private hospitals serve patients with health insurance. This study aimed to assess whether socioeconomic inequalities in low birth weight (LBW) risk changed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This multicenter cross-sectional study included 15929 infants. A difference-in-difference (DID) analysis of socioeconomic inequalities between public and private hospitals in LBW risk in a pandemic cohort (March 20 to July 19, 2020) was compared with a prepandemic cohort (March 20 to July 19, 2019) by using medical records obtained from ten hospitals. Infants were categorized by weight as LBW < 2500 g, very low birth weight (VLBW) < 1500 g and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) < 1000 g. Log binomial regression was performed to estimate risk differences with an interaction term representing the DID estimator. Covariate-adjusted models included potential perinatal confounders. Findings: Of the 8437 infants in the prepandemic cohort, 4887 (57 ? 9%) were born in public hospitals. The pandemic cohort comprised 7492 infants, 4402 (58 ? 7%) of whom were born in public hospitals. The DID estimators indicated no differences between public versus private hospitals for LBW risk ( −1 ? 8% [95% CI −3 ? 6, 0 ? 0]) and for ELBW risk ( −0 ? 1% [95% CI −0 ? 6, 0 ? 3]). Significant differences were found between public versus private hospitals in the DID estimators ( −1 ? 2% [95% CI, −2 ? 1, −0 ? 3]) for VLBW risk. The results were comparable in covariate-adjusted models. Interpretation: In this study, we found evidence of decreased disparities between public and private hos- pitals in VLBW risk. Our findings suggest that measures that prioritize social spending to protect the most vulnerable pregnant women during the pandemic contributed to better birth outcomes. Funding: No funding was secured for this study.Fil: Cuestas, Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Gómez Flores, Martha E.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Doctor Ramón Carrillo; ArgentinaFil: Charras, María D.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Doctor Ramón Carrillo; ArgentinaFil: Peyrano, Alberto J.. Hospital Materno Provincial Dr. Raúl Felipe Lucini; ArgentinaFil: Montenegro, Clara. Hospital Materno Provincial Dr. Raúl Felipe Lucini; ArgentinaFil: Sosa Boye, Ignacio. No especifíca;Fil: Burgos, Verónica. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; ArgentinaFil: Giusti, Graciela. Clínica y Maternidad del Sol; ArgentinaFil: Espósito, Mario. Clínica y Maternidad del Sol; ArgentinaFil: Blanco Pool, Silvyana S.. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Gurevich, Debora P.. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Ahumada, Luis A.. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Pontoriero, Ricardo D.. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Rizzotti, Alina. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Bas, José I.. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Vaca, María B.. Hospital Universitario de Maternidad y Neonatología; ArgentinaFil: Miranda, María J.. Hospital Universitario de Maternidad y Neonatología; ArgentinaFil: Ferreyra, Mirta E.. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo ; Gobierno de la Provincia de Cordoba; ArgentinaFil: Moreno, Gabriela C.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Doctor Ramón Carrillo; ArgentinaFil: Pedicino, Héctor. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Rojas Rios, Melvy. Hospital Italiano; Argentin

Association between COVID-19 mandatory lockdown and decreased incidence of preterm births and neonatal mortality

Previous studies suggest a decrease in preterm births (PTB) during de coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), possibly due to the effect of the mandatory lockdown. Nevertheless, other reports have been unable to confirm this finding. Most of these studies originated in high-income countries and evaluated a limited number of potential confounders, and all of them assessed a short lockdown period. In addition, an important question remains unanswered: How can we be sure that the observed changes are due to lockdown, when most of the pregnancies delivered in the lockdown period were conceived prior to it?To date there is insufficient evidence to support the notion that public health interventions during the lockdown prevent PTB . The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of PTB, neonatal mortality (NM) and stillbirths adjusted by potential confounders during the lockdown period assessing a time window of nine and a half months during which all the pregnancies analyzed in the exposed group were conceived after the lockdown, with the corresponding incidence in the previous year where all the unexposed pregnancies analyzed were conceived before the lockdown.publishedVersionFil: Cuestas, Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas; Argentina.Fil: Cuestas, Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; Argentina.Fil: Gómez Flores, Martha E. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Doctor Ramon Carrillo; Argentina.Fil: Charras, María D. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Doctor Ramon Carrillo; Argentina.Fil: Peyrano, Alberto J. Hospital Materno Provincial Dr. Raúl Felipe Lucini; Argentina.Fil: Montenegro, Clara. Hospital Materno Provincial Dr. Raúl Felipe Lucini; Argentina.Fil: Sosa-Boye, Ignacio. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; Argentina.Fil: Burgos, Verónica. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; Argentina.Fil: Giusti, Graciela. Clínica y Maternidad del Sol; Argentina.Fil: Espósito, Mario. Clínica y Maternidad del Sol; Argentina.Fil: Blanco Pool, Silvyana S. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo; Argentina.Fil: Blanco Pool, Silvyana S. Sanatorio Allende; Argentina.Fil: Gurevich, Debora P. Sanatorio Allende; Argentina.Fil: Gurevich, Debora P. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo; Argentina.Fil: Ahumada, Luis A. Sanatorio Allende; Argentina.Fil: Ahumada, Luis A. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo; Argentina.Fil: Pontoriero, Ricardo D. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo; Argentina.Fil: Rizzotti, Alina. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Bas, José I. Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Vaca, María B. Hospital Universitario de Maternidad y Neonatología; Argentina.Fil: Miranda, María J. Hospital Universitario de Maternidad y Neonatología; Argentina.Fil: Ferreyra, Mirta E. Sanatorio del Salvador; Argentina.Fil: Ferreyra, Mirta E. Hospital Misericordia Nuevo Siglo; Argentina.Fil: Moreno, Gabriela C. Sanatorio del Salvador; Argentina.Fil: Pedicino, Héctor. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; Argentina.Fil: Rojas-Rios, Melvy. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; Argentina

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

IV Foro Internacional de Ganadería Sustentable: conectividad ecosistémica y articulación territorial hacia la Agenda 2030

En este espacio plural de análisis y reflexiones, buscamos articular conceptos y posibilidades para los territorios de montaña del centro de México, dando importancia a medios de vida vinculados a la ganadería y su interacción ecosistémica, fundamentado en innovaciones, casos de éxito e iniciativas emblemáticas nacionales e internacionales. La socialización de experiencias es uno de los pilares para transitar hacia la sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos ganaderos: compartir logros e iniciativas, crear sinergias e identificar vulnerabilidades desde distintos enfoques.GIZ, Agencia de Cooperación Aleman