9,756 research outputs found

    A new species of Ptiloglossa from Mexico, with new records of Ptiloglossa cyaniventris from Panama and Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

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    A new bee species of the genus Ptiloglossa Smith (Colletidae: Diphaglossinae: Caupolicanini) is described and figured from Jalisco, Mexico, while new records are provided for Ptiloglossa cyaniventris Friese from Panama and a single locality in Costa Rica.  Ptiloglossa chamelensis Ayala & Engel, new species, is endemic to Mexico and is close to P. rugata Moure, both sharing a similar shape in the fused metatibial spur, but in the new species the metatibia is widest at the level of the spur, and the female has black integument with dense yellow pubescence on metasomal terga I–IV.  Ptiloglossa cyaniventris is newly recorded from males collected in Panama and Costa Rica and is characteristic for its dark integument, with intense metallic blue highlights on the metasomal terga, the narrow and long metatibia, and elongate metabasitarsus with an anterior, longitudinal ridge and slightly depressed outer surface

    The Roots of Banking Crises: The Macroeconomic Context

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    This paper discusses the ways in which macroeconomic developments can put stress on banks, and in extreme cases lead to banking crises. These macroeconomic causes of bank vulnerability and crisis have important implications for regulatory regimes, and for macroeconomic policy itself. Much of the discussion emphasizes the need for monetary policy to be set with an eye on the state of the domestic banking system as an occasionally important consideration. One purpose of this paper is to promote a discussion of how to do a better job of incorporating weak banking systems into macroeconomic policy management.

    Asegurar la estabilidad y el crecimiento en una región propensa a las sacudidas: los retos de políticas para América Latina

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    (Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) ¿Cuáles son los motivos y los costos de la inestabilidad en América Latina? Debido a que no existe el consenso sobre estas cuestiones fundamentales, no hay consenso sobre la respuesta más apropiada a la inestabilidad macroeconómica en América Latina y en países propensos a las sacudidas de otras regiones. Se presentan nuevos elementos de juicio sobre estos aspectos contenciosos y se tratan las implicaciones de políticas para la región.

    Naturaleza, desarrollo y distribución en América Latina. Elementos de juicio sobre el papel de la geografía, el clima y los recursos naturales

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    (Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) La enorme riqueza de recursos naturales de América Latina tiene efectos en muchos países de la región. La apertura económica en varios países fue seguida por un crecimiento rápido de la inversión extranjera y exportaciones de productos en cuya elaboración se emplean recursos naturales intensivamente. El crecimiento de sectores manufactureros que hacen uso intensivo de la mano de obra fue mucho menor. ¿Qué significa el aumento de la dependencia en sectores basados en recursos naturales para las perspectivas de desarrollo y la distribución del ingreso?

    Prevención de crisis y el contagio: aspectos fiscales y financieros

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    (Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) Desarrollos económicos recientes han puesto de manifiesto la vulnerabilidad de América Latina a los desajustes económicos y financieros producidos por sucesos que tienen lugar en puntos distantes del planeta. La crisis financiera de Asia que se inició en 1997 y la crisis de Rusia, más reciente, han dejado a la región profundamente sacudida y con el temor de un colapso a gran escala. Este contagio se ha producido a través de varios canales. El colapso de la demanda de Asia ha contribuido a la reciente baja de los precios mundiales de los productos básicos (commodities), lo que ha reducido los ingresos por concepto de exportación de las regiones que dependen de esos productos y ha afectado las finanzas públicas en numerosos países. La devaluación en Rusia ha hecho surgir el fantasma del incumplimiento soberano, lo que ha hecho que inversionistas en todo el mundo se sientan más temerosos de aumentar su exposición más allá de sus fronteras. Las crisis financieras de Asia y Rusia también han socavado gravemente los balances generales de los inversionistas de mercados emergentes, reduciendo su capacidad de invertir en la región y obligándolos a rematar inversiones en América Latina. En este trabajo se describen las políticas fiscales y financieras que pueden ayudar a proteger a las economías contra la clase de turbulencia financiera general que está experimentando el mundo actualmente. Las políticas cambiarias se tratan en un trabajo aparte.

    The Feasibility of Neuroimaging Methods in Marketing Research

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    On July 17, 1990, President George Bush issued “Proclamation #6158” which boldly declared the following ten years would be called the “Decade of the Brain” (Bush, 1990). Accordingly, the research mandates of all US federal biomedical institutions worldwide were redirected towards the study of the brain in general and cognitive neuroscience specifically. In 2008, one of the greatest legacies of this “Decade of the Brain” is the impressive array of techniques that can be used to study cortical activity. We now stand at a juncture where cognitive function can be mapped in the time, space and frequency domains, as and when such activity occurs. These advanced techniques have led to discoveries in many fields of research and clinical science, including psychology and psychiatry. Unfortunately, neuroscientific techniques have yet to be enthusiastically adopted by the social sciences. Market researchers, as specialized social scientists, have an unparalleled opportunity to adopt cognitive neuroscientific techniques and significantly redefine the field and possibly even cause substantial dislocations in business models. Following from this is a significant opportunity for more commercially-oriented researchers to employ such techniques in their own offerings. This report examines the feasibility of these techniques

    Hemobilia due to cystic artery pseudoaneurysm: A rare late complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

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    We discuss a patient with late presentation of hemobilia following cholecystectomy, which is unusual because pseudoaneurysm caused by vascular injury during surgery typically presents soon after surgery. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed a large blood clot arising from the biliary orifice with subsequent computed tomography angiography diagnosing a large pseudoaneurysm in the region of the cystic artery adjacent to the cholecystectomy clips. Embolization was performed via direct percutaneous puncture of the pseudoaneurysm

    Macroeconomics of Capital Flows to Latin America: Experience and Policy Issues

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    This paper reviews recent experience with international capital flows in Latin America, and discusses the policy issues that surround them. The paper is predicated on three basic premises. Capital flows to the region are an important source of macroeconomic disturbance. Also, capital flows are very volatile. Large fluctuations in these flows are due in substantial part to factors external to Latin America. In addition, the fluctuations require a policy response. Policy should respond to sudden inflows or outflows of capital.

    Saving Behavior in Latin America: Overview and Policy Issues

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    This paper reviews and contributes to the policy debate on the issue of saving in Latin America, presenting an alternative perspective on the relationship between saving and growth, saving and inflation stabilization and structural reform, and saving and capital flows.
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