Phenological and molecular studies on the introduced seaweed Dictyota cyanoloma (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) along the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula

Dictyota cyanoloma, a distinctive brown algal species characterized by a blue-iridescent margin, was recently reported as an introduced species in the Mediterranean Sea but little is known about its distribution dynamics, morphological plasticity and genetic structure. In this integrative study, we evaluate its past and present occurrence along the Mediterranean Iberian coast, assess the species' phenology in Palamos (Girona, Spain) and analyze the haplotype diversity by sequencing 49 individuals from nine sampling sites for different chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA regions. Although D. cyanoloma currently occurs along all the Mediterranean Iberian coasts (in 19 of 36 localities sampled, mostly in marinas and harbour environments), we were not able to find any herbarium material of this species (at BCN-Phyc and MA) predating the year 1987. In Palamos, D. cyanoloma is present all through the year, with a maximum development in winter and a minimum in summer. Fertile specimens are absent during summer (July and August). Sporophytes are dominant from January to June and gametophytes were found only in February, March and June. Information about the antheridia, which has never been described before, is provided. Two chloroplast and three mitochondrial haplotypes were observed, indicating that multiple introductions of D. cyanoloma occurred in the study area. Additionally, the genetic structure suggests that spread did not occur through simple advancing wave fronts but by several longdistance dispersal events. Further studies employing microsatellite markers could potentially offer a better resolution to unravel expansion and colonisation dynamics of D. cyanoloma in the Mediterranean Sea

The use of information and communication technologies in perinatal depression screening: A systematic review

Perinatal mental illness refers to psychiatric disorders that exist during pregnancy and up to 1 year after childbirth. The aim of this systematic review was to discuss the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on perinatal depression (PeD) screening in the past three decades. Published articles were searched between 1990 and 2018, both in English and Spanish. In the search, we used different keywords, such as "pregnancy, " "depression, " or "technology" in ScienceDirect, PubMed-NCBI, and Web of Science. We found 10 articles that combined the use of ICTs and a focus on PeD screening. Studied periods included pregnancy (n = 2) and postpartum (n = 8). The telephone was the most commonly used communication method (n = 5), followed by the Internet (n = 4). One investigation used both, the telephone and the Internet. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was the most frequently used screening measure (n = 8). The proportion of depressed perinatal women varied across studies depending on the pregnancy status and the cutoff values used, showing a very broad range between 5.8 and 51.9 percent. Despite the increasing popularity of ICTs in health settings, their use in perinatal mental health screening is still rare. Overall, encouraging findings have been reported when using ICTs for screening of PeD, such as eliminating the need to travel to the health center to conduct the screening and allowing for a wider dissemination. However, more research is needed to support their inclusion in perinatal care

Revisión del género Cantabrogeus Salgado, 2000, con la descripción de tres nuevas especies hipogeas endémicas de la Cordillera Cantábrica (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini)

Se revisan las dos especies previamente descritas del género Cantabrogeus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini), y se describen tres especies nuevas: Cantabrogeus antimachus sp. n., C. cultellus sp. n. y C. fresnedai sp. n. Una de ellas (C. antimachus sp. n.) es triploide (3n = 33) y la primera especie partenogenética conocida de Leiodidae. Se analizan y se discuten las relaciones existentes entre los diferentes taxones a partir de los caracteres morfológicos externos y las estructuras de los aparatos genitales masculino y femenino, así como las áreas cársticas que colonizan las diferentes especies en la zona cantábrica (NO ibérico). El análisis de datos moleculares (fragmentos de siete genes mitocondriales y nucleares) confirma la monofilia de Cantabrogeus y su proximidad filogenética con el género Fresnedaella, así como su inclusión dentro de la serie Quaestus, que es parafilética. La especie partenogenética (C. antimachus sp. n.) ocupa una posición derivada dentro del género Cantabrogeus, que, de acuerdo con estimas de la tasa de variación molecular basadas en estudios previos, probablemente se diversificó durante el Plioceno–Pleistoceno en las zonas cársticas cántabras, que son de una alta complejidad tectónica.The two previously known species of the genus Cantabrogeus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini) are redescribed, and three new species are described: Cantabrogeus antimachus n. sp., C. cultellus n. sp. and C. fresnedai n. sp. One of these (C. antimachus n. sp.) is tripliod (3n = 33) and the first known parthenogenetic species of Leiodidae. The relationships between the different taxa are discussed based on external morphological characters and the structure of male and female genitalia, as well as the distribution of the species in the different areas in the Cantabrian mountains (NW Iberia). Analyses of molecular data (fragments of seven mitochondrial and nuclear genes) confirms the monophyly of Cantabrogeus and its sister–group relationship with Fresnedaella, as well as its inclusion within the paraphyletic series Quaestus. The parthenogenetic species (C. antimachus n. sp.) has a derived position within Cantabrogeus, which, according to previous estimates of the molecular rate, probably diversified during the Pliocene–Pleistocene in the Cantabrian karst areas, of a high tectonic complexity.Se revisan las dos especies previamente descritas del género Cantabrogeus (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini), y se describen tres especies nuevas: Cantabrogeus antimachus sp. n., C. cultellus sp. n. y C. fresnedai sp. n. Una de ellas (C. antimachus sp. n.) es triploide (3n = 33) y la primera especie partenogenética conocida de Leiodidae. Se analizan y se discuten las relaciones existentes entre los diferentes taxones a partir de los caracteres morfológicos externos y las estructuras de los aparatos genitales masculino y femenino, así como las áreas cársticas que colonizan las diferentes especies en la zona cantábrica (NO ibérico). El análisis de datos moleculares (fragmentos de siete genes mitocondriales y nucleares) confirma la monofilia de Cantabrogeus y su proximidad filogenética con el género Fresnedaella, así como su inclusión dentro de la serie Quaestus, que es parafilética. La especie partenogenética (C. antimachus sp. n.) ocupa una posición derivada dentro del género Cantabrogeus, que, de acuerdo con estimas de la tasa de variación molecular basadas en estudios previos, probablemente se diversificó durante el Plioceno–Pleistoceno en las zonas cársticas cántabras, que son de una alta complejidad tectónica

Socio-cultural factors for breastfeeding cessation and their relationship with child diarrhoea in the rural high-altitude Peruvian Andes - a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: In some areas of the world, breast milk is seen as a potential source of child diarrhoea. While this belief has been explored in African and Southeast Asian countries, it remains vastly understudied in Latin American contexts. We investigate socio-cultural factors contributing to breastfeeding cessation in rural high-altitude populations of the Peruvian Andes. The role of socio- cultural factors in the local explanatory model of child diarrhoea, and whether these perceptions were integrated in the local healthcare system were assessed. METHODS: Within the framework of a randomised controlled trial, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 40 mothers and 15 health personnel from local healthcare centres involved in the trial. RESULTS: Cultural beliefs on breastfeeding cessation included the perception that breast milk turned into "blood" after six months and that breastfeeding caused child diarrhoea. We identified eight local types of child diarrhoea, and women linked six of them with breastfeeding practices. "Infection" was the only diarrhoea mothers linked to hygiene and the germ disease concept and perceived as treatable through drug therapy. Women believed that other types of diarrhoea could not be treated within the formal healthcare sector. Interviews with health personnel revealed no protocol for, or consensus about, the integration of the local explanatory model of child diarrhoea in local healthcare and service provision. CONCLUSIONS: The local explanatory model in rural Andean Peru connected breastfeeding with child diarrhoeas. Cultural beliefs regarding diarrhoea management may increase home treatments, even in cases of severe diarrhoeal episodes. Future national breastfeeding support programmes should promote peer-counselling approaches to reduce negative attitudes towards breastfeeding and health practitioners. Local explanatory models should be incorporated into provincial and regional strategies for child diarrhoea management to promote equity in health and improve provider-patient relationships