736 research outputs found
Experimental design and sample preparation in forest tree matabolomics
ReviewAppropriate experimental design and sample preparation are key steps in metabolomics
experiments, highly influencing the biological interpretation of the results. The sample preparation
workflow for plant metabolomics studies includes several steps before metabolite extraction and
analysis. These include the optimization of laboratory procedures, which should be optimized
for di erent plants and tissues. This is particularly the case for trees, whose tissues are complex
matrices to work with due to the presence of several interferents, such as oleoresins, cellulose. A good
experimental design, tree tissue harvest conditions, and sample preparation are crucial to ensure
consistency and reproducibility of the metadata among datasets. In this review, we discuss the main
challenges when setting up a forest tree metabolomics experiment for mass spectrometry (MS)-based
analysis covering all technical aspects from the biological question formulation and experimental
design to sample processing and metabolite extraction and data acquisition. We also highlight the
importance of forest tree metadata standardization in metabolomics studiesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
The anatomy as a tool for the identification of the bark of Pterocarpus angolensis and Terminalia sericea
Pterocarpus angolensis and Terminalia sericea are two African species with medicinal potential. Despite the importance of their bark as a powerful astringent to treat various diseases it is poor described. In order to provide referential information for correct identification and standardization of the plant material, bark samples from each two species were collected and analyzed under light and electron microscopy. Some important anatomical features to identification were: the sclerenchyma tissue mostly in form of fibre-sclereids and the large secretory cells arranged in conspicuous rows or tangential bands in the conducting phloem in P. angolensis; the crystalliferous cells arranged in very regular tangential rows (druses) and the occurrence of large crystal cells near or including the tangential fibre bundles in T. sericea bark.The results obtained show that the anatomy of the bark can be used as an important subsidy in identification and standardization of the studied species contributing the scientific knowledge for more effective forms of scrutiny in preventing commercial adulteration of species
Characterization of the primary matabolome of Brachystegia boehmii and Colophospermum mopane under different fire regimes in Miombo and Mopane African woodlands
Original ResearchMiombo and Mopane are ecological and economic important woodlands from Africa,
highly affected by a combination of climate change factors, and anthropogenic fires.
Although most species of these ecosystems are fire tolerant, the mechanisms that
lead to adaptive responses (metabolic reconfiguration) are unknown. In this context,
the aim of this study was to characterize the primary metabolite composition of
typical legume trees from these ecosystems, namely, Brachystegia boehmii (Miombo)
and Colophospermum mopane (Mopane) subjected to different fire regimes. Fresh
leaves from each species were collected in management units and landscapes across
varied fire frequencies in the Niassa National Reserve (NNR) and Limpopo National
Park (LNP) in Mozambique. Primary metabolites were extracted and analyzed with a
well-established gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry metabolomics
platform (GC-TOF-MS). In B. boehmii, 39 primary metabolites were identified from which
seven amino acids, two organic acids and two sugars increased significantly, whereas
in C. mopane, 41 primary metabolites were identified from which eight amino acids, one
sugar and two organic acids significantly increased with increasing fire frequency. The
observed changes in the pool of metabolites of C. mopane might be related to high
glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) rate, which provided increased levels of amino
acids and energy yield. In B. boehmii, the high levels of amino acids might be due
to inhibition of protein biosynthesis. The osmoprotectant and reactive oxygen species
(ROS) scavenging properties of accumulated metabolites in parallel with a high-energy
yield might support plants survival under fire stressinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in Casuarina: a review of recent research
ReviewSalinization is a global concern whose extent is predicted to progressively increase over this century.
In this context, biosaline agriculture has been included in the set of climate-smart solutions to
support sustainable and resilient ecosystems. The Casuarinaceae family is widely known for its
intrinsic ability to thrive under saline environments. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms
underlying salt-tolerance in this family is of utmost importance for landscape integration and soil
rehabilitation. In this mini-review, we present the state of the art of Casuarina research – from gene to
ecosystem – in response to salinity, towards green growth and sustainable development. Based on
literature retrieval from 2000 to 2021, a general overview of salt-stress tolerance in the Casuarinaceae
is presented, and the extent of the contribution of root-nodule and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses,
as well as the related eco-physiological and molecular changes are discussedinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Biodiversity Studies in Key Species from the African Mopane and Miombo Woodlands
The Southern African Miombo-Mopane woodlands are globally considered as ecosystems with irreplaceable species endemism, being the most important type of vegetation in the region. Among the approximately 8500 plant species, legume trees play a crucial role in biodiversity dynamics, being also key socioeconomic and environmental players. From the ecological point of view, they contribute significantly to ecosystem’s stability as well as to water, carbon, and energy balance. Additionally, legume species represent an immensurable source of timber and nontimber products. Research in Miombo-Mopane biodiversity has been mainly focused on the analysis of ecosystem drivers by means of ecological parameters and models, lacking interdisciplinary with relevant cross-cutting tools, such as the application of molecular markers to assess genetic diversity within the region. In this chapter, the applications and biodiversity dynamics of typical legume species from Miombo (Brachystegia spp., Julbernardia globiflora, and Pterocarpus angolensis) and Mopane (Colophospermum mopane) are reviewed. Gaps and challenges are also brought forward in the context of the lack of genetic diversity assessments and the need of an effective and coordinated network of interdisciplinary research
Miombo Woodlands Research Towards the Sustainable Use of Ecosystem Services in Southern Africa
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