DESARROLLO, IMPLEMENTACIÓN Y BENEFICIOS DEL SISTEMA DE ASESORAMIENTO AL REGANTE - SAI EN BRASIL

[ES] Un Servicio de Asesoramiento al regante (SAR) tiene como objetivo principal la optimización del uso del agua en la agricultura, dando respuesta a las demandas tecnológicas de los regantes. El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar la implantación y los beneficios de un modelo de SAR en Brasil, planteado para ofrecer una programación individualizada de riego en parcela a cada uno de los usuarios, basado en el uso de la herramienta on-line “Web S@I”. La herramienta incluye en su base de datos una parte fija con información relativa a cada parcela (características del suelo, cultivo, caracterización del sistema de riego, etc ) y otra dinámica que incorpora, tanto la información obtenida de las estaciones agrometeorológicas en la zona que permite calcular la Evapotranspiración de referencia (ETo) diaria utilizando el método de Penman-Monteith, como los valores de los coeficientes de cultivo (Kc), obtenidos en base al seguimiento en campo de lso técnicos. Las encuestas indican que el 31% de los agricultores siguen la información que se les facilita y que la productividad del agua (WP) aumenta en los usuarios del sistema S@I mejorando la gestión del agua en el Distrito de riego DIBAU.Silva Do Nascimento, AA.; Tarjuelo Martín-Benito, J.; Ribeiro Vieira Lima, S.; Martinez-Romero, A.; Frizzone, J. (2015). DESARROLLO, IMPLEMENTACIÓN Y BENEFICIOS DEL SISTEMA DE ASESORAMIENTO AL REGANTE - SAI EN BRASIL. En XXXIII CONGRESO NACIONAL DE RIEGOS. Valencia 16-18 junio de 2015. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/CNRiegos.2015.1446OC

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time, and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space. While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes, vast areas of the tropics remain understudied. In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity, but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases. To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge, it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

The Psychological Science Accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data

Induction of COX-2 expression by acrolein in the rat model of hemorrhagic cystitis

Aim: Acrolein (ACR) is a urinary metabolite of cyclophosphamide (CPS) and ifosfamide (IFS), which has been demonstrated to be the causative agent of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), induced by these compounds. In this study, we investigate the participation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) on ACR-induced HC. Methods: Male Wistar rats (150–200 g; six rats per group) were treated with distilled water or intravesical ACR and analyzed by changes in bladder wet weight, macroscopic and microscopic parameters and COX-2 expression. Results: COX-2 immunohistochemical expression was significant 12 h after ACR administration mainly in subepithelial cells. ACR injection also alters some macroscopic and microscopic parameters in bladder of rats analyzed by Gray’s criteria. Conclusions: COX-2 participates in the pathogenesis of ACR-induced HC first seen 12 h after initial contact between ACR and urothelium.National Research Council of Brazil (CNPq) and Fundação Cearense de Amparo a Pesquisa (FUNCAP), Ceará-Brazil, for financial support

Desempenho e qualidade dos ovos de poedeiras comerciais alimentadas com rações contendo farelo de coco tratado ou não com antioxidante Performance and egg quality of laying hens fed diets containing coconut meal treated with and without antioxidant

Este experimento foi conduzido para avaliar a estabilidade oxidativa do farelo de coco (FC) tratado ou não com butil-hidroxitolueno (BHT) e armazenado por 35 dias e estudar o efeito de rações contendo esse ingrediente sobre o desempenho e a qualidade do ovo de poedeiras. Um lote de 200 kg de farelo de coco foi dividido em cinco partes: uma foi armazenada sem a adição de antioxidante e as demais tratadas com 500 ppm de BHT nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 21. A estabilidade oxidativa do farelo de coco foi acompanhada por meio dos índices de acidez e de peróxidos, determinados semanalmente. Após 35 dias de armazenamento, 10% de farelo de coco tratado e não tratado com BHT nos diferentes tempos de armazenamento foi usado na formulação de rações isonutrientes para poedeiras comerciais. Foram utilizadas 180 poedeiras da linhagem Hisex White, distribuídas ao acaso em 5 tratamentos e 6 repetições de 6 aves cada. Os índices de acidez e de peróxidos do farelo de coco armazenado com ou sem BHT aumentaram com o tempo de armazenamento. Contudo, os tratamentos não afetaram o desempenho nem a qualidade dos ovos das aves. O farelo de coco armazenado por 35 dias sem antioxidante, embora sofra oxidação, pode ser usado em níveis de até 10% na ração para poedeiras comerciais.<br>This experiment was conducted to evaluate the oxidative stability of coconut meal treated with or without butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) at different storage times and the effect of diets containing this ingredient on laying hens' performance and egg quality. A 200-kg batch of freshly produced coconut meal was divided into five equal portions. One portion was stored without BHT and the others were treated with BHT at zero, 7, 14 and 21 days. The oxidative stability of coconut meal was measured by the acidity index and peroxide index determined weekly. At the end of the 35-day storage time, this ingredient was used in the formulation of diets for laying hen. One hundred and eighty Hisex White laying hens were randomly distributed among five treatments with six repetitions of six birds each. The acidity index and peroxide index of coconut meal treated with or without BHT at different periods of time increased with storage time. Nevertheless, treatments did not affect laying hens' performance or egg quality. Coconut meal stored for 35 days, although showing lipid peroxidation, can be included at 10% level in the diet for commercial poultry