Novos compósitos cerâmicos com base em caulim, borra de tinta, areia de fundição e vidros residuais

Industrial waste has been one of the major environmental problems discussed today. Many contain in their compositions heavy metals of various contents, and an analysis of each residue is necessary in order to find appropriate practical solutions of the destination, and become a benefit to the environment. Several compositions were made with paint sludge, cast sand, glass and kaolin, in 60mmx20mm molds, uniaxially pressed in a hydraulic press at 10 MPa and sintered in an electric oven at temperatures of 1100 ° C, 1150 ° C ° C, 1200 ° C, 1250 ° C and 1275 ° C. The composites underwent tests of resistance to bending, water absorption, apparent density, linear retraction, FRX, DRX, SEM, EDS, leaching and analysis of particulate materials. Subsequently, in the sintered material, new physical and mechanical properties were found, showing the casting of its materials and flexural strength of 12.29 Mpa, 10.85% of water absorption. 6.04% linear retraction and 1.39% apparent densities, in the composition that was used of 7% of residues and incinerated at 1275 ° C. It identified the presence of the minerals montmorillonite, illite, kaolinite, gibbsite, rutila and cristobalite and their influences on ceramics. This research presented a suitable solution for waste ink, sand casting and glass, using them as raw material for white ceramics.Resíduos industriais têm sido um dos grandes problemas ambientais discutido na atualidade. Muitos trazem em suas composições metais pesados de diversos teores, sendo necessária uma análise de cada resíduo, a fim de que se busquem soluções práticas apropriadas da destinação, e se torne um benefício ao meio ambiente. Foram elaboradas diversas composições com borra de tinta, areia de fundição, vidro e caulim, em moldes de 60mmx20mm, prensados uniaxialmente em prensa hidráulica a 10 MPa e sinterizados em forno elétrico nas temperaturas 1100°C, 1150°C, 1200°C, 1250°C e 1275ºC. Os compósitos passaram por ensaios de resistências a flexão, absorção de água, densidade aparente, retração linear, FRX, DRX, MEV, EDS, lixiviação e análise de materiais particulados. Posteriormente no material sinterizados, verificaram-se novas propriedades físicas e mecânicas, mostrando a fundição de seus materiais e resistência à flexão que chegou a 12,29 Mpa, 10,85% de absorção de água. 6,04% de retração linear e 1,39% de densidade aparente, na composição que se utilizou de 7% de resíduos e incinerados a 1275°C. Identificou a presença dos minerais montmorillonita, illita, caulinita, gibbsita, rutila e cristobalita e suas influências na cerâmica. Essa pesquisa apresentou uma solução cabível aos resíduos de tinta, areia de fundição e vidro, utilizandoos como matéria-prima para cerâmica branca

Questões de hygiene - a febre typhoide de em São Paulo e o seu histórico

Antes de iniciar as considerações sobre a historia da febre typhoide 11esta capital e meios de combatel-a, seja-me licito render uma sincera homenagem á memoria inolvidavel de Arnaldo Vieira de Carvalho, cuja competencia profissional e capacidade de trabalho foram, sem duvida, as seguras bases do exito desta Faculdade da qual depende o Instituto de Hygicne onde vou ter a subida honra de expor a minha despretenciosa opinião sobre o importante problema sanitario

Alastrim, varíola é? Is allastrim small pox?

Este artigo trata de uma controvérsia científica havida em São Paulo entre 1910 e 1913, que opôs dois destacados médicos da cidade: Antonio Carini, diretor do Instituto Pasteur de São Paulo, e Emílio Ribas, diretor do Serviço Sanitário. A questão em jogo era a classificação de uma doença que reinava no estado. Para Carini tratava-se de varíola, para Ribas era uma entidade mórbida chamada de alastrim. A polêmica teve início na Sociedade de Medicina e Cirurgia e, posteriormente, migrou para outros fóruns, incorporando novos personagens. A apresentação e discussão dessa controvérsia objetiva contribuiu para a compreensão do processo de construção e estabilização de um consenso científico no campo das ciências biomédicas.<br>Between 1910 and 1913, two renowned physicians in the city of São Paulo found themselves engaged in a scientific controversy regarding the classification of a disease then assailing the state. Antonio Carini, director of the Instituto Pasteur de São Paulo, believed the illness to be small pox, while Emílio Ribas, director of the Serviço Sanitário, claimed it was allastrim, or milk pox. The controversy started in the Sociedade de Medicina e Cirurgia but later migrated to other forums and came to incorporate other figures as well. This presentation and discussion of the polemic is meant as a contribution to our understanding of the process by which a scientific consensus is constructed and solidified within the field of the biomedical sciences

Phylogeography and population dynamics of Antbirds (Thamnophilidae) from Amazonian fluvial islands

Aim: To investigate the evolution of the avifauna associated to Amazonian fluvial islands, focusing on the Negro River archipelagos. Locations: Fluvial islands in the Amazon Basin. Methods: One generalist floodplain species (Hypocnemoides melanopogon) and three river island specialists (Myrmotherula assimilis, Myrmoborus lugubris and Thamnophilus nigrocinereus) were studied (Thamnophilidae). We sequenced two mitochondrial genes and genotyped eight microsatellite loci. Phylogenetic relationships among intraspecific lineages and divergence times were estimated using Bayesian Inference. Haplotype networks, AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) and Mantel tests were used to verify the spatial organization of genetic diversity. Gene flow and population structure were evaluated using a dissimilarity index, Bayesian inference and allele frequencies. Historical demography was inferred through neutrality tests and Extended Bayesian skyline plots (EBSP). Results: River island specialists have evolved distinct lineages in different Amazonian tributaries, but exhibit very weak population structure within the Negro river basin. The generalist floodplain species had no population structure along the Amazon basin or within the Negro river basin. Signals of weak and recent (Pleistocene) population expansion were recovered for all species. Main conclusions: River islands specialists show stronger population structure within Amazonia than floodplain generalists. They show a common spatial and temporal pattern of divergence between populations from the Negro islands and western Amazonia (upper and middle Solimões), which may be related to Amazonian drainage evolution. Island specialists had low genetic diversity within the Negro basin, while the higher and unstructured diversity pattern found in the floodplain generalist species may be a consequence of higher dispersal caused by the seasonal flooding pulse. River islands populations have a recent and dynamic history of contact and isolation, with small historical fluctuations of population sizes, which is in sharp contrast with the patterns found in upland forest birds. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Lt