Coming into the Anthropocene

This essay reviews Professor Jonathan Cannon’s Environment in the Balance. Cannon’s book admirably analyzes the Supreme Court’s uptake of, or refusal of, the key commitments of the environmental-law revolution of the early 1970s. In some areas the Court has adapted old doctrines, such as Standing and Commerce, to accommodate ecological insights; in other areas, such as Property, it has used older doctrines to restrain the transformative effects of environmental law. After surveying Cannon’s argument, this review diagnoses the historical moment that has made the ideological division that Cannon surveys especially salient: a time of stalled legislation, political deadlock, and highly contested regulatory and judicial interpretation. This analysis, however, does not limit the interest of Cannon’s analysis to this political moment. Rather, Cannon’s integration of legal and cultural analysis has great promise for the Anthropocene, the dawning era when human decisions and values will be among the most important forces shaping the planet. In the future, it will be necessary to think of environmental law as both reflecting and producing ideas of the value and meaning of the natural world. Cannon’s analysis is an excellent starting point for an Anthropocene approach

The lower thermosphere wind regime from simultaneous observations over Euroasia (Collm, Dushanbe, Frunze)

The circulation in the lower thermosphere as determined from the results of measurements in 1984 is considered. Ionospheric drift measurements were taken using the method of spaced reception in the long wave range. Other measurements were taken using the D2 method. Average daily values of wind velocity were used. Discontinuity of measurements ranged from a day to a week. Preliminary data were reduced to the common average height of 93 km with the help of vertical profiles of wind velocity components. The results of measurements of zonal and meridional wind velocity components are presented. Zonal circulation changes from westerly to easterly winds were observed in winter, in periods of spring time reversal and during stratomesospheric rises in temperature

Аневризма общей печеночной артерии

Common hepatic artery aneurism is a rare pathology. Today there are only isolated instances in the world medical literature. The risk of common hepatic artery and celiac arteries aneurism rupture is very high, and it reaches 50%. Mortality as a result of common hepatic artery aneurism rupture is 75%. Most visceral branches of aorta aneurisms occur asymptomatically unless there is a rupture. Diagnostics of common hepatic artery aneurism includes duplex ultrasound, X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance tomography with intravenous contrast and angiography. Differential diagnosis of common hepatic artery aneurism is between pancreas space-occupying lesion (pseudocysts) and paragangliomas. The article describes the clinic-diagnostic case of common hepatic artery aneurism.Целью исследования явилось изучение комплексного лучевого обследования аневризмы ветвей брюшного отдела аорты. Аневризма общей печеночной артерии – редкая патология. В настоящее время в мировой медицинской литературе отмечены лишь единичные наблюдения. Риск разрыва аневризм общей печеночной и чревных артерий весьма высок и достигает 50%. Летальность в результате разрыва аневризмы общей печеночной артерии составляет 75%. Большинство аневризм висцеральных артерий не вызывает начальной симптоматики, пока не происходит их разрыв. Диагностика аневризм висцеральных артерий включает ультразвуковое исследование органов брюшной полости с дуплексным сканированием сосудов, рентгеновскую компьютерную, магнитно-резонансную томографию с внутривенным контрастированием и ангиографию. Дифференциальную диагностику аневризмы общей печеночной артерии проводят с объемными образованиями головки поджелудочной железы (в том числе кистами) и параганглиомами. Описан клинико-диагностический случай аневризмы общей печеночной артерии

Gender and age-related features of sleep disturbances in patients with primary headaches

The purpose of the study is to analyze complaints of decreased sleep quality in men and women with primary headaches.Цель исследования - проанализировать жалобы на снижение качества сна у мужчин и женщин c первичными головными болями

Synthesis of Fe-Doped ZnO Nanorods by Rapid Mixing Hydrothermal Method and Its Application for High Performance UV Photodetector

We have successfully synthesized Fe-doped ZnO nanorods by a new and simple method in which the adopted approach is by using ammonia as a continuous source of OH− for hydrolysis instead of hexamethylenetetramine (HMT). The energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectra revealed that the Fe peaks were presented in the grown Fe-doped ZnO nanorods samples and the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results suggested that Fe3+ is incorporated into the ZnO lattice. Structural characterization indicated that the Fe-doped ZnO nanorods grow along the c-axis with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and have single crystalline nature without any secondary phases or clusters of FeO or Fe3O4 observed in the samples. The Fe-doped ZnO nanorods showed room temperature (300 K) ferromagnetic magnetization versus field (M-H) hysteresis and the magnetization increases from 2.5 μemu to 9.1 μemu for Zn0.99Fe0.01O and Zn0.95Fe0.05O, respectively. Moreover, the fabricated Au/Fe-doped ZnO Schottky diode based UV photodetector achieved 2.33 A/W of responsivity and 5 s of time response. Compared to other Au/ZnO nanorods Schottky devices, the presented responsivity is an improvement by a factor of 3.9

Hierarchical build-up of bio-based nanofibrous materials with tunable metal–organic framework biofunctionality

Multifunctional, light-weight, responsive materials show promise in a range of applications including soft robotics, therapeutic delivery, advanced diagnostics and charge storage. This paper presents a novel, scalable, efficient and sustainable approach for the preparation of cellulose nanofibril-based aerogels via a facile ice-templating, solvent exchange and air-drying procedure, which could replace existing inefficient drying processes. These ambient-dried aerogels (∼99% porosity) exhibit a high specific compressive modulus (26.8 ± 6.1 kPa m3 kg−1, approaching equivalence of carbon-nanotube-reinforced aerogels), wet stability and shape recovery (80–90%), favorable specific surface area (90 m2 g−1) and tunable densities (2–20 kg m−3). The aerogels provide an ideal nanofibrillar substrate for in-situ growth of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), via co-assembly of MOF precursors with proteins in aqueous solutions. The resulting hybrid aerogels show a nine-fold increase in surface area (810 m2g−1), with preserved wet stability and additional protein biofunctionality. The hybrid aerogels facilitate a pH-controlled release of immobilized proteins, following a concomitant disassembly of the surface grown MOFs, demonstrating their use in controlled delivery systems. The colorimetric protein binding assay of the biofunctionalized hybrid aerogel also demonstrates the potential of the material as a novel 3D bioassay platform, which could potentially be an alternative to plate-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Primary cell wall inspired micro containers as a step towards a synthetic plant cell.

The structural integrity of living plant cells heavily relies on the plant cell wall containing a nanofibrous cellulose skeleton. Hence, if synthetic plant cells consist of such a cell wall, they would allow for manipulation into more complex synthetic plant structures. Herein, we have overcome the fundamental difficulties associated with assembling lipid vesicles with cellulosic nanofibers (CNFs). We prepare plantosomes with an outer shell of CNF and pectin, and beneath this, a thin layer of lipids (oleic acid and phospholipids) that surrounds a water core. By exploiting the phase behavior of the lipids, regulated by pH and Mg2+ ions, we form vesicle-crowded interiors that change the outer dimension of the plantosomes, mimicking the expansion in real plant cells during, e.g., growth. The internal pressure enables growth of lipid tubules through the plantosome cell wall, which paves the way to the development of hierarchical plant structures and advanced synthetic plant cell mimics