6,810 research outputs found
How should golfers monitor training load?
Training load monitoring has been integrated into a variety of sports at a high level over the past decade. However, it has been presented by various authors that golferâs sustain injury caused by overuse of specific sites of the body. This is done without knowledge of golf specific training loads and little academic research into training load monitoring within golf. Therefore, it is reasonable to suggest that the topic of load monitoring in golf should be researched, as load monitoring in other sports has been researched. Such studies have lead to the quantification of load and acute chronic workload ratios by academics.
Two literature reviews; one on injury in golf and one investigating training load monitoring in other sports preceded a set of semi structured interviews with subjects working as coaches, doctors, physiotherapists and players within international golf. The purpose of the semi structured interviews was to discuss topics relating to golfing load, summarise the opinions of the experts on those topics and define the importance of each topic relating to a golf specific load monitoring tool
Regional differences in store-operated Ca2+Â entry in the epithelium of the intact human lens
An elevated level of Ca2+ is an important factor in cataract, yet precisely how Ca2+ enters the lens is unknown. Lens epithelial cells contain a range of G-proteinâcoupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases that induce increases in intracellular Ca2+. Receptor-associated Ca2+ influx is, therefore, likely to be an important route for Ca2+ influx to the lens. The authors investigated stimulated and passive Ca2+ influx in in situ human lens epithelium. Ca2+ changes in equatorial (E) and central anterior (CA) epithelial cells were monitored with the use of a Ca2+ indicator (Fluo4) and confocal microscopy. Gene expression was monitored by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) induced Ca2+ responses that were smaller in CA than E. Ca2+ store depletion, using ATP (100 ”M) or thapsigargin (1 ”M), revealed greater relative store capacity and Ca2+ influx in E. Ca2+ influx was blocked by La3+ (0.5 ”M) in both regions. Unstimulated Ca2+ influx was greater in E than CA. Greater expression of Orai1 and STIM1 was detected in E than in CA. Greater Ca2+ store capacity and Ca2+ influx in E compared with CA reflects underlying differences in proliferation and differentiation between the regions. The relatively small resting Ca2+ influx in CA epithelium suggests that store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the main route of Ca2+ influx in these cells. Greater resting influx and SOCE in E cells suggests that these are a major route for Ca2+ influx into the lens. Increased expression of Orai1 and STIM1 in E could account for the differences in Ca2+ entry. Receptor activation will modulate Ca2+ influx, and inappropriate activity may contribute to cortical cataract
Occurrence of indicators of fecal pollution in water and sediment of a subestuary impacted by non-point pollution
Evaluation of Alternate Microbial Indicators of Fecal Pollution in a Non-Point Source Impacted Shellfish Growing Area
Tackling concentrated worklessness: integrating governance and policy across and within spatial scales
Spatial concentrations of worklessness remained a key characteristic of labour markets in advanced industrial economies, even during the period of decline in aggregate levels of unemployment and economic inactivity evident from the late 1990s to the economic downturn in 2008. The failure of certain localities to benefit from wider improvements in regional and national labour markets points to a lack of effectiveness in adopted policy approaches, not least in relation to the governance arrangements and policy delivery mechanisms that seek to integrate residents of deprived areas into wider local labour markets. Through analysis of practice in the British context, we explore the difficulties of integrating economic and social policy agendas within and across spatial scales to tackle problems of concentrated worklessness. We present analysis of a number of selected case studies aimed at reducing localised worklessness and identify the possibilities and constraints for effective action given existing governance arrangements and policy priorities to promote economic competitiveness and inclusion
Emission Line Galaxies in the STIS Parallel Survey II: Star Formation Density
We present the luminosity function of [OII]-emitting galaxies at a median
redshift of z=0.9, as measured in the deep spectroscopic data in the STIS
Parallel Survey (SPS). The luminosity function shows strong evolution from the
local value, as expected. By using random lines of sight, the SPS measurement
complements previous deep single field studies. We calculate the density of
inferred star formation at this redshift by converting from [OII] to H-alpha
line flux as a function of absolute magnitude and find rho_dot=0.043 +/- 0.014
Msun/yr/Mpc^3 at a median redshift z~0.9 within the range 0.46<z<1.415 (H_0 =
70 km/s/Mpc, Omega_M=0.3, Omega_Lambda=0.7. This density is consistent with a
(1+z)^4 evolution in global star formation since z~1. To reconcile the density
with similar measurements made by surveys targeting H-alpha may require
substantial extinction correction.Comment: 16 preprint pages including 5 figures; accepted for publication in
Ap
Evaluation of salinity and temperature as stress factors affecting the enumeration of fecal coliforms by the electrochemical detection method
The ability of an electrochemical detection method to predict viable numbers of fecal coliforms was evaluated under laboratory conditions with respect to seawater adjusted to various salinities and temperatures. The viability of an Escherchia coli isolat~ as measured by the spread plate technique utilizing non-selective media was unaffected after 12 wk exposure at 2°C and 25 °100 salinity. At higher temperatures (15-30°C) both the total decrease in cell numbers as well as the rates of die-off were greater than at 2°C. There was little apparent difference in viability across the temperature range 15-30°C. Viability was observed to be inversely related to salinity over the range 10-30 °100. Stress was measured using the electrochemical detection method (ECDM) and defined as the difference between the predicted endpoint response time (ER) calculated from a standard curve and the observed ER time. Seawater of higher salinities generally produced greater stress. (...
Can we use Weak Lensing to Measure Total Mass Profiles of Galaxies on 20 kiloparsec Scales?
Current constraints on dark matter density profiles from weak lensing are
typically limited to radial scales greater than 50-100 kpc. In this paper, we
explore the possibility of probing the very inner regions of galaxy/halo
density profiles by measuring stacked weak lensing on scales of only a few tens
of kpc. Our forecasts focus on scales smaller than the equality radius (Req)
where the stellar component and the dark matter component contribute equally to
the lensing signal. We compute the evolution of Req as a function of lens
stellar mass and redshift and show that Req=7-34 kpc for galaxies with the
stellar mass of 10^{9.5}-10^{11.5} solar masses. Unbiased shear measurements
will be challenging on these scales. We introduce a simple metric to quantify
how many source galaxies overlap with their neighbours and for which shear
measurements will be challenging. Rejecting source galaxies with close-by
companions results in about a 20 per cent decrease in the overall source
density. Despite this decrease, we show that Euclid and WFIRST will be able to
constrain galaxy/halo density profiles at Req with signal-to-noise ratio >20
for the stellar mass of >10^{10} solar masses. Weak lensing measurements at
Req, in combination with stellar kinematics on smaller scales, will be a
powerful means by which to constrain both the inner slope of the dark matter
density profile as well as the mass and redshift dependence of the stellar
initial mass function.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, submitted to MNRAS, included the
referee comment
Sublethal Stress In Escherichia-Coli - Function Of Salinity
Sublethal stress in Escherichia coli was detected in various test media after exposure (in vitro) to seawater of various salinities. Stress was measured with an electrochemical detection technique and a,-galactosidase assay. Test media included EC medium, medium A-1, and tryptic soy broth modified to contain lactose for /?-galactosidase assay experiments. Stress was defined as the difference between a predicted electrochemical response time calculated for unstarved cells from a standard curve and the observed electrochemical response time for cells starved in seawater. The higher the salinity, the greater the stress for all test media examined. Stress was most pronounced in EC and was attributed primarily to initial die-off of starved cells exposed to the test medium at the elevated temperature of 44.5°C. Lag time and growth rates in test media were not significantly affected by salinity. fl-Galactosidase specific activity, assayed in starved cells after transfer to an induction medium at 44.5°C for 150 min, was inversely related to the salinity of the starved cell suspension. The consequences of these observations with respect to coliform enumeration methods are discussed
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