Morphologic and meristic specification of some genus of Carangidae family in the Persian Gulf, Iran

Morphologic and meristic analyses were performed aided by regression charts on 96 specimens of the genus Parastromateus, 67 specimens of Caranx, 70 specimens of Alepes, 69 specimens of Scomberoides, 62 specimens of Atropus, 104 specimens of Carangoides, and 67 specimens of Trachionotus from March 2004 to February 2005. The samples were collected by using bottom trawling in the Persian Gulf. The analyses showed the complete separability of the genus while keeping their close connection with the Family. We found that Parastrometeus was specially unique in terms of keeping its relationship with the family Carangidae

Gene 18s rRNA variation of cuttlefish population (Sepia pharaonis) in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea using PCR-RFLP method

We used PCR-RFLP method to identify cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) populations in the Persian Gulf and the Sea of Oman. Bottom trawling method was used to collect a range of 20 to 40 specimens from each 15 stations in the study area. Genomic DNA was extracted by phenol-chloroform method and one pair primer was designed for the analysis based on 1 Ss rRNA gene nucleotide sequences. A PCR product with 502 pair bases in length was obtained for all specimens and subjected to digestion by eight restriction enzymes Alui, Tacit, MO, Rsal, Hinalli, Dral, Prull and Mien DNA banding, patterns in all specimens were similar and no polymorphism was detected among them. We conclude that cuttlefish populations cannot be isolated using 18s rRNA gene extracts in the area of study

Introducing genetic markers for identification and separation of 4 species of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea fishes using PCR- RFLP method

In order to introduce genetic markers of four species of fishes, 80 samples of each species, i.e. Parastromateus niger, Scomberomorus comersoniannus, Trachionotus mookalee and Caranx para were collected. DNA was extracted using phenol- chloroform method. The target gene (cytochrome b) was amplified by Thermal cycle (PCR) and the PCR product size estimated 1105 bp. In this research out of 27 DNAase enzymes which were used for PCR product enzyme digesting 8 enzymes (Bam HI, Alw 261, Rsa I, Mbo I, Alu I, Hinf I, Dpn I, Dde I) have cut side on target DNA and three enzymes of them Alu I, Hinf I and Mbo I showed polymorphism genetic differences while other enzymes displayed similar patterns. Variation of haplotypes from four species are as follows: BAA for P. niger, AAB for T. mookalee, ABA for C. para, and ACA for S. comersonianus. So it is possible to claim that each of the above Haplotypes may be used as genetic markers for each of the species

Quantitative and qualitative development of shrimp culture in Iran

Primary researches on aquaculture of endemic shrimp species carried out since 1984-5 by Iranian Fisheries Research Organization (IFRO) .After a decade, the condition for extension and development of shrimp culture in the country prepared. Despite huge investment of government for preparation and construction of shrimp sites, only small part of present potential in southern coast of the country is under production. About 18 different shrimp species inhabit in Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman, in which 4 species have larger size, and more abundant, and harvest commercially . Penaeus semisulcatus, Fenneropenaeus merguiensis and Metapenaeus affinis as commercial species distributed throughout of Persian Gulf from mouth of Arvand River in north- west to strait of Hormoz, and also some parts of Oman Sea. While Fenneropenaeus indicus distributed mainly in coastal area of Oman Sea. Shrimp culture begin in Iran by P.semisulcatus, continued by imported Penaeus monodon, and developed by using of F.indicus. After confront to slow growth and viral diseases in 2001 (Khouzestan province) and 2005 (Bushehr Province), at the same time I.F.R.O acquired the bio-technique for production of Litopenaeus vannamei, and hence the condition for introduction the new species to the shrimp culture industry provided. In accordance for development of shrimp culture, I.F.R.O carried out various research activities, and established specific research center for this purpose. Research projects regarding brood-stock management, breeding and larvae production, grow out, water management and disease identification and treatment have been carried, and induced considerable impacts on quantitative and qualitative development of shrimp culture in the country

The study of diversity, distribution and abundance of zooplankton in the southern of Caspian Sea

This survey was carried out in 8 lines of southern area of Caspian sea consisting of Astara, Anzali, Sefid roud, Tonekabon, Noshahr, Babolsar, Amirabad and Torkman in depths of 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100m in 4 seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) of the year 2008. The goal of this survey was identification of different species, distribution, density and Biomass of the zooplankton community in different regions and also their frequency in the different layers and depths and the population fluctuations in whole of year. The most abundance and biomass of the zooplanktons were 28005±24212 ind./m^3 and 180.58±149.03 mg/m^3 in 5 min spring and they were reduced gradually to depths. Copepoda comprised between 9 to 16 percent, Rotatoria comprised between 5 to 13 percent and Lamellibranchiata larvae comprised between 27 to 70 percent of marin zooplanktons. The most abundance and biomass were 11746±7921 ind./m^3 and 47.07±31.96 mg/m3, 5281±5521 ind./m^3 and 29.03±31.68 mg/m^3 in 5m of summer and autumn seasons, respectively. Copepoda comprised more than 95 percent of marine zooplanktons in all of depths in these seasons. The most abundance and biomass were 19030±16518 ind./m^3 and 198.99±217.23 mg/m3 in 5 m in winter. Copepoda comprised between 17 to 49 percent and Rotatoria comprised between 32 to 70 percent of marine zooplanktons in all of depths and the abundance of other groups was not considerable in zooplankton community

The study of feeding, reproduction and biological parameters of kilka fishes in the Iranian waters of the Caspian Sea

The overfishing and changing environmental following the introduction of the comb jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Caspian Sea, the population structure has a strong influence on kilka fishes in the Caspian Sea and therefore to in this investigation which had been done in commercial catch regions (where discharged theirs catch) in three ports Babolsar, Amirabad (in mazandaran) and Anzali (in Guilan), stimated catch and catch per unit effort, the age structur of catch, length- weight relationship, von Bertalanffy growth parameters, condition factor, sex ratios, maturity stags, spawning and feeding. The result shown that catch of kilka in Iranian coastal in 2012 decreased from 24080 ton to 22696 ton in 2013. But CPUE increased was 2.7 ton (Vessel ×Night) and there was no significant changes. Common kilka was the predominant all months of the year, 98.1 and 98.9 percent in 2012 and 2013 respectively. The mean length was 104.4±10.5 and 101.6±11.2 at the same time and range length 92/ 5 – 117/5 mm were the dominant population(about 75%). Relative abundance of fish less than 77.5 mm and more than 127.5 mm is very low. Age abundance during this period have not been substantially changed and always fishes with 3 and 4 year olds had the highest frequency73.6 and 73.5 percent respectively. The parameters of the Von Bertalanffy growth curve were (8.141) 048.1 for common kilka. The instantaneous coefficient of natural mortality (M) was 0.506 yr-1. The instantaneous coefficient of fihing mortality and total mortality were 0.694 yr-1 and 1.2 yr^-1 , respectively. The exploitation rate of common kilka varied during 2012-2013 between 0.41-0.50. The mean condition factor 1.41±0.14 (n=5801) and 1.38±0.16 (n=6754) at the same time respectively. According to statistical analysis Anova oneway were a significant difference between condition factor at the same time . Main prey common kilka was Acartia tonsa accounting for over 80%. It seems Common kilka due to a decrease in the frequency of other zooplankton species depend more than ever on Acartia tonsa and this species is probably a concentration of prey for Common kilka

Stock assessment of zobaidy, Pampus argenteus, in the north of Persian Gulf

The project “Stock Assessment of Zobaidy, Pampus argenteus, in the North of Persian Gulf” started in April 2003 and completed by the end of April 2006 as a cooperative research project to assess the valuable stock of zobaidy shared between Kuwait and Iran in the North of Persian Gulf. The main objectives were to investigate and determine the basic biological parameters, the standing biomass, seasonal abundance, and the impact of regional fishery activities. These studies are necessary to recommend practical management policies and measures for long-term sustainability of the zobaidy stock. The sampling of fisheries data (catch, effort, fish length distributions, and biological data) was started in May 2003 and ended December 2006. Monthly length frequencies data were collected from both the drift gill net and shrimp trawl fisheries. Age determination was based on otolith sectioning, polishing, etching, and staining method. The age groups ranged from 0 to 10 yrs but the dominant age groups were 1-3 years and the estimated parameters for both sexes were L_∞ = 32.0-36.0 cm FL and K = 0.26-0.30 yr^-1, females grow faster than males. Sea survey on board of two dhow boats was carried out using swept area method. Higher abundance was always obtained in Kuwait Bay rather than the other areas surveyed in Kuwait and Khuzestan waters. The total estimated stock biomass in the surveyed areas varied from 42 t in January 2004 to 2,633 t in November 2004, while the Iranian biomass varied from as low as 19 t in October 2005 to 295 t in November 2003. The data indicated that Ras Al-Gaid, Bubiyan Island is the main nursery area in Kuwait waters, while Lifah, Busaif, and Bahrakan are important nursery areas in the Khuzestan waters. Kuwait Bay and Khor Musa are considered important spawning grounds and should be protected. Yield per recruit analysis showed that higher yield could be gained with increasing fish effort, which is not recommended under the present status of high exploitation rate. In contrast, virtual population analysis indicated that future catches will reduce if the fishery continues with present level fishing effort. A reduction of 50% would be required to maintain the present level of catches as well as to enhance the stock biomass. Formulation of a joint advisory management committee would be advisable approach to manage and monitor the zobaidy stock in the region. This will need commitment from the three countries in the region for data collection on regular basis on length frequency, statistics, and biological data. Copepods with high occurence of 64% - 88% is considered as the main item in the Pomfret fish, while jelly fish and other decapods crustaceans are considered as minor items. Observation of pre- flexion stage larvae of pampus genus among the specimens collected from Khuzestan coast water could be considered as an evidence for the spawning of this fish in this region. The occurrence of pampus larvae in Khuzestan coast during the months of June to October has been reported for several times. Examination of 101 specimens (38 from Kuwait, 63 from Iran) for molecular survey does not show any significant differences between Kuwait and Iran water stocks for this fish, so it is possible to hypothesize a unit population for zobidy stock in Persian Gulf and Oman Sea as whole

Comparison of morphometric and meristic attributes of bream (Abramis brama orientalis), in Caspian Sea and Aras Dam Reservoir

Morphometric and meristic specifications of Abramis brama orientalis of the Caspian Sea and Aras Dam Reservoir was studied in the year 2002. For this purpose, 40 morphometric attributes, 16 meristic attributes and 37 specifications in relation to the proportions of speciality of morphometric attributes of the Abramis brama orientalis were evaluated from the two habitats. Anova, factor and discriminant function analyses were conducted on the data. According to results the average coefficient of variation in morphometric, meristic and proportion of speciality of morphometric attributes for Abramis brama orientalis of Caspian Sea was 22.85, 3.24 and 7.68 and for Abramis brama orientalis of Aras Dam Reservoir was 17.45, 3.53 and 15.27. The Abramis brama orientalis of the two areas showed meaningful differences in 35 morphometric factors, 6 meristic factors and 25 factor of proportion of the speciality of the age had significand differences (P<O.05). Factor analysis showed that the Abramis brama orientalis of the two habitats had 80.62% of changes in 7 factors of first morphometric attributes, 73.65% of changes in the 9 factors of the first proportion of morphometric specialities and 46.52% of changes in the 4 factors of the first meristic attribute. We showed that, fork length, standard length, proportion of head length to the standard length, number of scales of the lateral line, number of scales under the lateral line, number of scales above the lateral line, radius of dorsal fin and number of dorsal fins can be used to separate population of the fish from the two habitats. The first two factors of proportion of speciality of morphometric and meristic attributes causes total separation of the two populations. We found different in morphometric specialities between the two specialities of morphometric and meristic attributes. It is suggested that different environmental conditions have led to the differences in the populations of the fish in the Caspian Sea and Aras Dam Reservoir

Study on effects of red light intensities and periods on growth performance of Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) larvae

Survey is conducted to evaluate the effects of different intensities and durations of red light spectrums on growth performance and survival of Caspian trout (Salmo trutta caspius) in Coldwater Fishes Research Center (CFRC). According to the standard methods and manuals, selected 1.1±0.2 g (1755 individuals) larvae transferred from a registered and well-known hatchery and introduced to the fish tanks in CFRC after quarantine and adaptation procedures. The trial designed for 9 treatments with 3 repeats and fish tanks (California troughs) stocked by 65 larvae. All tanks were separated by dark plastic sheets individually to more controlling actions on special lighting regimes, except controls. Lighting actions were conducted as long as survey stage for 36 days by economic lamps (P: 40/50 W, =550/880 lum) on lighting durations of 12/12, 10/14, 14/10 h (on/off) and 24 (on) by 40/50 W lamps respectively for treatment 1 to 8. Controls are considered in treatment No. 9 by natural and environmental lighting regime. The biometry operations were carried out in a 6 days interval. Results were analyzed with SPSS (Version 12) software and by ANOVA one way analysis method and multiple levels of Duncan Test; graphs were illustrated by Excel software. According to the results, most of the measured factors as growth indicators (FW, WG, FCR and SGR) in treatments (1-8) had showed significant differences in compare of control. In this case, oily drips in retina layer of eye s larvae absorb the short light spectrums and let the long spectrums to be transferred. Thus because of more vision, feeding behavior could develop with lower stress condition. Moreover, some growth factor (SGR, WG and FCR) rates in larvae showed better values significantly in treatment (1) (12/12 h lighting with 550 lum) in compare of other treatments and controls (P≤ 0.05). In addition, there are not any harmonized and expected growth parameters with synchronized red lighting intensities and durations in the Caspian trout larvae. It seems that recent demonstrations were influenced by physiological effects of some endocrinal glands and brain neurotransmitters

The survey of investigation about Mesopotamichthys sharpeyi projects in development program in Iranian Fisheries Research

Attention to the aquaculture capacity in inland water is needed to reach production of 262072 tons which was implicited in sixth economical and social development program of culture and production warmwater fishes industry. On of the most important aim of progressive management in fisheries program is native aquaculture activity with emphasis on Barbus fishes in Iran.Benni fish is one of the species of this genus despit of low relative growth rate, but is as a desire fishes in market. This fish not only has high fecondity and feed phytoplankton during the larval stages but also is very delicious for consumers. During the fifth economical and social development program there were so many projects have been done on aquaculture of this species but needs to analysis of all data which is important for successive future its aquaculture commercially. The precent analytical investigation base on three decades data, was done for completeing that gap including of analytical activities of researches were done, developmental access to fish aqu culture in six proficiency subjects , propagation and cultue, nutrition, genetic, health and disease biology, physiologt and determination of weak points. Then base on guideline studies on warmwater aquaculture and developmental road map, several suggestion for doing apply research were adopted