К вопросу о взаимоотношениях женщины и государства

The article was written in connection with the publication of a collective monograph devoted to the problems of the relationship between women and the state. The interest in this work is caused by the formulation of a question in it, which examines various aspects of the problem through the prism of social and humanitarian sciences. Assessing the content of the monograph, it is necessary to highlight the use of various approaches by the authors, which allowed them to draw a number of convincing conclusions. The review substantiates the conclusion about the importance of this monograph in the increment of knowledge in the field under study. The scientific work of the author’s team can be attributed to one of the first attempts at a comprehensive study of the problem, it presents the results that are of practical importance for specialists in the field of historical, political, sociological sciences, etc.Статья написана в связи с выходом коллективной монографии, посвященной проблемам взаимоотношений женщины и государства. Интерес к данной работе вызван постановкой в ней вопроса, в котором рассматриваются различные аспекты проблемы через призму социальных и гуманитарных наук. Оценивая содержание монографии, необходимо выделить использование авторами различных подходов, что позволило им сделать ряд убедительных выводов. В рецензии обоснован вывод о значении данной монографии в приращении знаний в исследуемой области. Научную работу авторского коллектива можно отнести к числу первых попыток комплексного изучения проблемы, в ней представлены результаты, имеющие практическое значение для специалистов в области исторических, политических, социологических наук и т. д

The relations unshadowing in business activities: the economic and legal factors of security at the macroeconomic level

The paper analyzes the current state of the shadow relations in business activities in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to investigate the current state of the shadow relations in business activity in Ukraine and abroad; find out the essence of the term “the relations unshadowing in business activity”, develop the suggestions, which are aimed at improving the scientific approaches to the economic and legal principles of the relations unshadowing in business activity as a factor of an influence at the macroeconomic level. The issue of sensitive motivation system creating is actualized for the purpose of the economic activities unshadowing. It is proved that it is impossible now to accurately assess the extent of the shadow economy. The economic and legal ways of improving the business unshadowing are proposed, as well as the integration of the relations unshadowing in the business activities into a system of safety factors at the macroeconomic level. Namely, the institutional and structural factors, including: an influence on the structural policy and mechanism of its implementation, possible changes in the structure of the public administration, institutional changes, management of the state corporate rights, as well as a new stage of denationalization of the property and the privatization; programmatic and strategic factors: the economic development strategy, targeted state programs, as well as the state programs of the social and economic development; financial, investment, competition, and innovation factors: the competition policy and its implementation, the state investment policy and its implementation, innovation policy and its implementation, as well as the impact on financial and economic processes in the state. Based on the research, the ways to improve the economic unshadowing issue are proposed, in particular through the introduction of changes to the existing regulatory legislation

Structural motifs recurring in different folds recognize the same ligand fragments

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The structural analysis of protein ligand binding sites can provide information relevant for assigning functions to unknown proteins, to guide the drug discovery process and to infer relations among distant protein folds. Previous approaches to the comparative analysis of binding pockets have usually been focused either on the ligand or the protein component. Even though several useful observations have been made with these approaches they both have limitations. In the former case the analysis is restricted to binding pockets interacting with similar ligands, while in the latter it is difficult to systematically check whether the observed structural similarities have a functional significance.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we propose a novel methodology that takes into account the structure of both the binding pocket and the ligand. We first look for local similarities in a set of binding pockets and then check whether the bound ligands, even if completely different, share a common fragment that can account for the presence of the structural motif. Thanks to this method we can identify structural motifs whose functional significance is explained by the presence of shared features in the interacting ligands.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The application of this method to a large dataset of binding pockets allows the identification of recurring protein motifs that bind specific ligand fragments, even in the context of molecules with a different overall structure. In addition some of these motifs are present in a high number of evolutionarily unrelated proteins.</p

Eight-month-old infants’ behavioural responses to peers’ emotions as related to the asymmetric frontal cortex activity

Infants are sensitive to and converge emotionally with peers’ distress. It is unclear whether these responses extend to positive affect and whether observing peer emotions motivates infants’ behaviors. This study investigates 8-month-olds’ asymmetric frontal EEG during peers’ cry and laughter, and its relation to approach and withdrawal behaviors. Participants observed videos of infant crying or laughing during two separate sessions. Frontal EEG alpha power was recorded during the first, while infants’ behaviors and emotional expressions were recorded during the second session. Facial and vocal expressions of affect suggest that infants converge emotionally with their peers’ distress, and, to a certain extent, with their happiness. At group level, the crying peer elicited right lateralized frontal activity. However, those infants with reduced right and increased left frontal activity in this situation, were more likely to approach their peer. Overall, 8-month-olds did not show asymmetric frontal activity in response to peer laughter. But, those infants who tended to look longer at their happy peer were more likely to respond with left lateralized frontal activity. The link between variations in left frontal activity and simple approach behaviors indicates the presence of a motivational dimension to infants’ responses to distressed peers

INFLUENCE OF FACTORS ON CROSS-BORDER CAPITAL FLOWS FROM AND TO EMERGING COUNTRIES: CASE STUDY OF RUSSIA

Objective: The purpose of the study was identification of factors affecting the participation of the Russian Federation as an emerging country in cross-border capital flows in 2004–2020. Methods: The authors conducted regression analysis of factors affecting the participation of the Russian Federation in the cross-border movement of capital (direct investment to/from Russia, the inflow of portfolio investment into the Russian economy, volumes of capital outflow from Russia) with the inclusion of lagged variables in the regression equations to eliminate the autocorrelation of the results. Results: The influence of factors on the participation of the Russian Federation in the cross-country movement of capital is in line with the dependencies that are relevant for emerging markets, however, with the need to take into account the impact of international political tension. To reduce risks in the sphere of cross-country capital movement, one must implement measures to gradually decouple the Russian economy from the raw material component, in combination with measures to respond to foreign political market tensions. When developing public policy measures, one should also consider aspects of capital flight, which require, one way or another, further development of control and state regulation of capital flows. Conclusion: Taking into account the identified factors will make it possible to justify the use of innovative and other measures and instruments of state policy in the field of ensuring the interests of Russia's participation in the international movement of capital. The article is the first comprehensive empirical study of the factors affecting the participation of the Russian Federation as an emerging country in cross-border capital flows, covering in the analysis the period including the 2010s when there were fundamental changes in the framework of external risks to the national economy traditionally considered among the leading determinants of cross-border capital flows to/from emerging markets.

The Problem of Aim of Science in the Philosophy of Scientific Realism

The article deals with the problem of immanent aim of the scientific cognition. The relationship between science and reality is viewed from the standpoint of scientific realism, resting upon the axiom that theories are assertions about the reality independent of human experience and even of reason itself. The authors argue that the adoption of scientifically-realistic ideal of science gives us a simple and reliable criterion the demarcation of scientific and non-scientific knowledge. But the scientific realism can go beyond the bounds of “philosophical belief” only having turned itself towards the world of objectively practical activity – into the world of “artifacts”, created by human labour. It is in this objective world of material culture scientific theories are being “verified” or “falsified”, and science, in a whole, finds its highest aim and implementation. The authors conclude that the study of the “fourth world” of material culture, in which science finds its true practical implementation, should be the cornerstone of scientific realism

Female image of memory-centric happiness of first-wave Russian emigration

In the article, the starting point of the study is the changes in the semantic aspects of the work by Russian emigrant writers of the first wave. These writers bring conceptually significant topics to the pages of their works, thus highlighting the scale of the global catastrophe. It is argued that, under these conditions, an objective pattern is a change in genre preferences, in particular, the emigrant writers’ turn to memoir genres as the most relevant in the context of emigration, which in turn entails a change in thematic priorities. Trace the features of the literary representation of the conceptually established understanding of happiness in the conditions of the first-wave emigration on the example of the works by the writers N. Teffi and Z. Shakhovskaya. Methods: comparative biographical analysis, the historical research method, and concept analysis. Unlike the male understanding of happiness by emigrant writers, female authors focus on the detailed (material) world rather than philosophical generalizations associated with history and politics. The very understanding of happiness for female writers, according to the authors, is akin to interpretations of the state of contentment, prosperity, well-being, joy from abundant life. The uniqueness of understanding the concept of “happiness” is primarily due to gender differences. The authors propose to connect the origins of the formation of this worldview with the folklore traditions of the Russian people, in which happiness is described as an emotionally elevated state of human satisfaction. A similar understanding is established in childhood, and its images become key in emigrant works. At the same time, the feminine view is characterized by patriarchal nature and belief in the victory of good over evil

Salusin-α and salusin-β as new biological markers in cardiovascular diseases: literature review

Despite significant advances in medicine, cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death worldwide. An important task in cardiology is the search and study of new cardiovascular biological markers. In recent years, salusins have attracted the interest of scientists. Salusins are endogenous biologically active peptides, which were first identified in 2003. Thus far, studies have demonstrated that salusin-α and salusin-β play important roles in vascular remodeling, inflammation, hypertension, and atherosclerotic processes. Salusin-α exhibits an antiatherogenic effect, whereas salusin-β plays a proatherogenic role. Despite the diverse biological, physiological, and pathophysiological aspects of salusins, the exact mechanism of their cardiovascular effects is not fully known. Further in-depth studies of the role of salusins in cardiovascular diseases are required. The regulation of the concentration and expression of salusin-α and salusin-β may prove to be a promising strategy for the treatment of patients with cardiac diseases

Canrenone Restores Vasorelaxation Impaired by Marinobufagenin in Human Preeclampsia

Previous studies implicated cardiotonic steroids, including Na/K-ATPase inhibitor marinobufagenin (MBG), in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (PE). Recently, we demonstrated that (i) MBG induces fibrosis in rat tissues via a mechanism involving Fli1, a negative regulator of collagen-1 synthesis, and (ii) MBG sensitive Na/K-ATPase inhibition is reversed by mineralocorticoid antagonists. We hypothesized that in human PE elevated MBG level is associated with the development of fibrosis of the umbilical arteries and that this fibrosis can be attenuated by canrenone. Fifteen patients with PE (mean BP = 118 ± 4 mmHg; 34 ± 2 years; 38 ± 0.3 weeks gest. age) and twelve gestational age-matched normal pregnant subjects (mean BP = 92 ± 2 mmHg; 34 ± 1 years; 39 ± 0.2 weeks gest. age) were enrolled in the study. PE was associated with a higher plasma MBG level, with a four-fold decrease in Fli1 level and a three-fold increase in collagen-1 level in the PE umbilical arteries vs. those from the normal subjects (p 50 = 141 nmol/L vs. EC50 = 0.9 nmol/L; p < 0.001). The effects of PE on Fli1 and collagen-1 were blocked by the in vitro treatment of umbilical arteries by 10 μmol/L canrenone. Similar results were obtained for umbilical arteries pretreated with MBG. These data demonstrate that elevated MBG level is implicated in the development of the fibrosis of umbilical arteries in PE, and that this could be blocked by mineralocorticoid antagonists

Feeding Composition of Grayling Thymallus sp. in the Middle Reach of the Yenisei River

В 2004 и 2009-2010 гг. изучали состав пищевых комков хариуса в среднем течении р. Енисей. В желудках хариусов обнаружены личинки, куколки и имаго насекомых, многоножки, ракообразные, олигохеты, брюхоногие моллюски, икра рыб, семена высших растений, камни и древесные остатки. Основу рациона по массе составляли амфиподы (Philolimnogammarus viridis, Philolimnogammarus cyaneus; Pallasea cancelloides), личинки ручейников (Apatania crymophila) и хирономид (Cricotopus bicinctus, Diamesa baicalensis, Prodiamesa olivacea, Chironomus sp.). Впервые выявлено изменение соотношения ключевых компонентов питания хариуса в р. Енисей в течение года. Амфиподы составляли основу пищи в летний и осенний период, личинки и куколки ручейников - в зимний и весенний. Наблюдалась сравнительно высокая степень наполненности кишечников хариуса, что отражает достаточную обеспеченность этого представителя ихтиофауны Енисея пищевыми ресурсами на среднем участке реки и согласуется с современным состоянием кормовой базы.In 2004 and 2009-2010 we studied the composition of the grayling stomach content from the middle reach of the Yenisei River. The food composition included insect larvae, pupae and adults, centipedes, crustaceans, oligochaetes, gastropods, fish eggs, plant seeds, stones and trees segments. In terms of mass, the ration consisted mostly of amphipods (Philolimnogammarus viridis, Philolimnogammarus cyaneus; Pallasea cancelloides), caddisfly larvae and pupae (Apatania crymophila), and chironomids (Cricotopus bicinctus, Diamesa baicalensis, Prodiamesa olivacea, Chironomus sp.). During a year the ratio of major food components changed considerably. Amphipods were the main food of grayling in summer and autumn, while in winter and spring the fish generally fed caddis fly larvae and pupae. Relatively high fullness of graylings intestines proves the sufficient availability of nutrition sources for this representative of fish fauna in the middle reach of the Yenisei River and coincides with modern condition of the food sources