Numerical Modelling of Sloshing with VOF Method

Sloshing in tanks carrying LNG, LPG and petroleum is an important phenomenon as dynamic pressure arises from sloshing can destroy the containing tanks. So it is vital to consider this phenomenon in design stages of carriers. The governing equations in fluid flow are conservation of mass and momentum. Modeling of free surface flow in tank needs a suitable tool. One of the most powerful tools to model the free surface is VOF method. Employing additional transport equation together with conservation of mass and momentum enable us to follow the free surface changes. A computer code was developed to evaluate sloshing problem. This code could calculate dynamic pressures exerted on walls of the containers. The model was validated using experimental data

The application of information technology and its relationship with organizational intelligence

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to survey the application of information technology and its relationship with organizational intelligence in the employees of universities in golestan province. This research has done as descriptive, survey and correlation, After studying literature and research history, components, factors, effective factors on information technology and organizational intelligence were extracted in golestan province.then the research prepared a questionaire about information technology and standard questionaire which is about organization intelligence that its components inferred on the basis of theoretical opinions. The statistical society of this research included all over employees of universities in golestan province. Statistical sample included employees of universities in golestan province that sample size was determined on the basis of kristy-morgan table. The results showed there is a significant relationship in applying information technology with tendency to modify, applying knowledge and common perspective

The Role of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology in Appearing and Managing COVID-19

Introduction: Studies reveal that viruses play important roles in the origins of cellular life and the evolution of all mammals for example. COVID-19 as a modified brutal virus has affected daily life and is slowing down the global economy.  The main purpose of the current study stems from the question that how COVID-19 was created and how it will be solved. Method: In order to conduct the present research, 26 English articles were chosen from among 57 articles published from 2000 to 2020 based on their relation to viral diseases and the availability of the full text at the PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases. Findings: To study the new coronavirus, its genetic sequence should be accessible for us. As understood, synthetic biology takes advantage of the knowledge obtained from systems biology analysis and the conceptual tools made for such purposes. These approaches develop systems toxicology as well as stand out in predicting and evaluating the immunogenicity of vaccines as well as improving vaccine formulations through a definite immunological marker. Conclusion and Suggestion:Dealing with viral diseases such as COVID-19 demands vast knowledge of biotechnology, cell and molecular biology expertise, and competent approaches based on bioinformatics technology that contains systems biology and synthetic biology. Therefore, such scientific fields need to be highly developed in developing countries to keep their immunity and national security under warranty encountering any biological invasion, most specifically of viral types

The effect of nutrition education on knowledge, attitude and practice of type 1 diabetic patients from Aligoodarz

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: مراقبت های پزشکی- تغذیه ای در بیماران مبتلا به دیابت از بروز و پیشرفت عوارض جلوگیری می کند. یافته های متناقضی در زمینه تأثیر آگاهی بر بهبود کنترل متابولیک بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع 1 وجود دارد. این بررسی با هدف تعیین تأثیر آموزش تغذیه بر آگاهی، نگرش و عملکرد مبتلایان به دیابت نوع 1 انجام شد. روش بررسی: در یک مطالعه مداخله ای قبل و بعد کلیه بیماران مبتلا به دیابت نوع 1 شهرستان الیگودرز (30 نفر) مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. در شروع مطالعه فراسنج های بیوشیمیایی با روش های استاندارد اندازه گیری و پرسشنامه KAP (Knowledge Attitude Practices) سپس یاد آمد خوراک سه روزه، تکمیل گردید. بیماران به مدت 12 ساعت در زمینه کلیات بیماری دیابت، عوارض آن، نحوه پیشگیری و مراقبت های لازم جهت به تأخیر انداختن عوارض و تغذیه در بیماری دیابت و جانشین های مواد غذایی آموزش دیدند و سه ماه بعد از آموزش مجدداً فراسنج های بیوشیمیایی اندازه گیری و پرسشنامه KAP و یادآمد خوراک تکمیل شد و داده های قبل و بعد از آموزش مقایسه شدند. داده ها با استفاده از نرم افزارهای SPSS و Nuatritionist3 و آزمون های آماری t مزدوج و مک نمار تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که آموزش، تغییر معنی داری در میانگین وزن، نمایه توده بدنی (BMI)، فشــارخون سیستولیک و دیاستولیک، میزان مصرف انرژی و درشت مغذی ها ایجاد نکرد (05/0p>)، ولی باعث کاهش معنی داری در میزان قند خون ناشتا، کلسترول تام، درصد هموگلوبین گلیکوزیله (HbAlc)، LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) سرم و تعداد دفعات هیپوگلیسمی در هفته گردید (001/0

Ecological Studies on Zooplankton from the Straits of Malacca With Special Reference to Copepods

The purpose of this study was to analyze the zooplankton composition and distribution in relation to spatial and temporal variations in the Straits of Malacca. The distribution of zooplankton, was determined using samples collected from 13 to 20 stations during four oceanographic expeditions along the Straits in different periods between 1998 to 2000. Monthly zooplankton samples were also collected from two stations at nearshore and offshore waters off Port Dickson from July 2000 to June 2001. Copepods comprised an average of 71.3%, 71.2%, 70.9% and 57.9% of the total zooplankton populations during consecutive cruises and were the main group of zooplankton during each sampling period. Total zooplankton densities were higher in the near-coastal area than the offshore area. A spatio-temporal variation of zooplankton standing crop both in terms of biomass and density was not significant. Higher mean density estimates of total zooplankton (mean of 12,918 ± 5,635 indo m·3) and that of adult copepods (mean of 2,927 ± 1,085 indo m·3) were recorded during cruise II (pre-SW monsoon) compared to other cruises. However. variation of copepods was temporally insignificant but spatially significant. Higher zooplankton densities were obtained at 10-20 m depth stratum than any other depth strata. Maximum peak of copepod densities collected off Port Dickson waters coincided with NE and pre-SW monsoons when samples were collected horizontally and vertically, respectively. Depth and salinity in associations with other factors explained the distributional patterns of copepods in the studied area. A total of 119 species of pelagic copepods belonging to calanoids (76), cyclopoids (9), harpacticoids (6) and poecilostomatoids (28) were determined during the course of the present investigation. Of these, nine species are new records for the Straits of Malacca. Two characteristic copepod communities in the northern and southern parts of the Straits were distinguished. The shallow southern part was characterised by high-density values and low species diversity (H' = 2.967), and the dominance of few coastal species such as Oithona simplex and Paracalanus parvus. The deeper waters of the northern part were characterised by low-density values, relatively high species diversity index (H' = 3 .632). The heavy metal concentrations in mixed zooplankton were relatively low: ranging from 1.19-1013.70 µg gol wet weight for copper, 1 6.54-235.78 µg gol wet weight for zinc, 3.92-36.08 µg gol wet weight for lead and from 0.32-4.09 µg gol wet weight for cadmium. Concentrations of copper and zinc were higher in near-coastal than offshore areas, whereas those of lead and particularly cadmium were higher in offshore area

Relationship between microscopic analysis and quantitative and qualitative indicators of moisture susceptibility evaluation of warm-mix asphalt mixtures containing modifiers

Given the defects of bitumen in asphalt mixtures particularly exposed to moisture, this study mainly aims to investigate the relationship between qualitative and quantitative results of moisture susceptibility tests on asphalt mixtures modified by ZycoTherm, nanoclay, nanosilica and SBS. The Marshall stability, modulus of resilience and indirect tensile strength tests are carried out. Boiling water and SEM qualitative tests are also used. Eventually, the qualitative tests results are digitalized through image processing by MATLAB and compared with the moisture susceptibility results of indirect tensile strength test. For modulus of resilience testing, the results show that this modifier has the maximum impact on Marshall stability, improving it by about 23%. For moisture susceptibility testing, the nanosilica-modified mixture has the maximum effect among anti-stripping additives, with an improvement by about 20%. An investigation into the results of SEM images and boiling water test via MATLAB indicates the high accuracy of SEM images and their results show the most compatibility with the results of quantitative data

Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Buried Pipelines During Liquefaction

The safety of buried pipelines during earthquakes has involved a great deal of attention in last few years. Important characteristics of buried pipelines are that they cover large areas and can be subjected to a variety of geotectonic hazards. Earthquake damages to buried pipelines can be attributed to transient ground deformations (TGD), permanent ground deformations (PGD) or both. PGD occurs as a result of surface faulting, liquefaction, landslides, and differential settlement from consolidation of cohesionless soil. To evaluate seismic behavior of buried pipelines subjected to large values of permanent ground deformations, appropriate non-linear cyclic stress-strain relationship should be implemented in any numerical method. Among the phenomena, which cause permanent ground deformations, the settlement and lateral spreading induced by liquefaction are considered as the main cause of damage in buried structures. Therefore, this study is aimed to take into account the potential of liquefaction during an earthquake into the numerical analysis of buried pipelines using FEM. During the earthquake, the soil volume and also pore-pressure water is changed and therefore as saturated loose sands undergo simple shear deformations, the stiffness at any time is changed as the function of mean normal effective stress. In this study, a hypo-elastic model is adopted for the soil to evaluate changes in the pore pressures and also effective stresses during the excitation. In a finite element modeling, for the areas not expecting the liquefaction to occur, the pipe is modeled using beam elements and soil is modeled by some bi-linear springs; while for liquefied areas, the pipe is modeled by shell elements and solid elements are used to model the surrounding soil

The Effects of Aerobic Exercise on NF-κB and TNF-α in Lung Tissue of Male Rat

Background:Regular aerobic exercise improves theBackground: Regular aerobic exercise improves the inflammatory status in different lung diseases. However, the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on the lung response have not been investigated. The present study evaluated the effect of aerobic exercise on the lung inflammatory.Materials and Methods: 12 adult male Wistar rats were divided to 2 groups: A: control (n=6), B: aerobic exercise (five times per week for 4 week; n=6). The gene expression of NF-κB and TNF-α were analyzed in lung tissue by Real time–PCR. In order to determine the significant differences between groups independent t-test were used.Results: Aerobic exercise inhibited the gene expression of NF-κB and TNF-α. But there was no significant difference between A and B groups for TNF-α and NF-κB.Conclusion: We conclude that four week aerobic exercise decrease inflammatory status in lung tissue. Our results indicate a need for human studies that evaluate the lung responses to aerobic exercise

Synthesis and characterization of mono- and bimetallic complexes of Zn(II) and Cu(II); new multifunctional unsymmetrical acyclic and macrocyclic phenol-based ligand

The dicompartmental macrocyclic ligand (L2)2- was prepared by [1:1] cyclic condensation of N,N′-dimethyacetate-N,N′-ethylene-di(5-methyl-3-formyl-2-hydroxybenzylamine with 1,3-diaminopropane. The ligand includes dissimilar N(amine)2O2 and N(imine)2O2 coordination sites sharing two phenolic oxygen atoms and containing two methyl acetate pedant arms on the amine nitrogen donor atoms. A series of mono- and bimetallic complexes were synthesized and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, molar conductance measurement, IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy techniques. It was found that during the cyclization process the copper (II) displaced from the N(amine)2O2 to the N(imine)2O2 coordination site and one of the methyl acetate pedant arms is dissociated. The heterodinuclear complex of [ZnL2Cu(-OAc)]+ was prepared by a transmetallation reaction on the [ZnL2Zn(-OAc)]+ by Cu(II). The characterization results showed that the two metal ions are bridged by two phenolic oxygen atoms and an acetate group, providing distorted five-coordination geometries for the both metal ions

Genetic characterization of Garra rufa (Heckel, 1843) populations in Tigris Basin, Iran using microsatellite markers

The isolation-by-distance theory states that the genetic differentiation between individuals raised by increasing geographic distance. Therefore, this study tested this hypothesis for Garra rufa, a freshwater fish species of Iranian inland waters, from six rivers located at the different distances in Tirgis basin. For this purpose, eight variable microsatellite loci were applied to identify geographic-based population structure of G. rufa. From 240 fish of six populations, 102 alleles were found with a mean number of 11.625 to 13.250 alleles. Heterozygosity was ranged 0.567-0.638 in six studied populations. Moreover, a significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg were found in the studied populations. Unweight pair group analysis indicated that the six studied populations could be divided into four major clusters. The results revealed a fairly high level of genetic variation in the microsatellite loci within six studied populations. Wright’s fixation index (Fst) ranged between 0.013-0.044 indicating little genetic differentiation between populations. Within this range, however, we found a strong positive relation between Fst and geographical distance lending support to the isolation-by-distance theory