Effect of different salinity concentration on different areas of the body skin of benni, Barbuss harpeyi

For this purpose, 144 specimens were studied in five healthy groups. The first group was the control group put in dechlorinated tap water and four respectively in the next group were kept with salinity 4ppt, 8ppt, 12ppt, 16ppt in the same condition. In days (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28) samples were collected from skin of head, ventral and lateral lines. Sections with 5- 6µm thickness were made and stained with PAS and H&E methods. In histometrical survey, epiderm thickness, numbering of club cells and goblet cells in 200 µm of epiderm length in any area, was investigated comparatively. The results showed that in different salinity concentrations, skin of head, ventral and lateral lines were influenced and changes in epiderm thickness, reduce the number of club cells and increase the number of goblet cells were demonstrated. These changes in different concentrations for each parameter, for significantly increased (p<0.05)

Determining crystal structures through crowdsourcing and coursework

We show here that computer game players can build high-quality crystal structures. Introduction of a new feature into the computer game Foldit allows players to build and real-space refine structures into electron density maps. To assess the usefulness of this feature, we held a crystallographic model-building competition between trained crystallographers, undergraduate students, Foldit players and automatic model-building algorithms. After removal of disordered residues, a team of Foldit players achieved the most accurate structure. Analysing the target protein of the competition, YPL067C, uncovered a new family of histidine triad proteins apparently involved in the prevention of amyloid toxicity. From this study, we conclude that crystallographers can utilize crowdsourcing to interpret electron density information and to produce structure solutions of the highest quality

Evaluation of plasma homocysteine status in streptozotocin induced-diabetes mellitus in rabbit

In this research, plasma homocysteine levels as an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease was evaluated in streptozotocin induced diabetic New Zealand white rabbits. Twelve male New Zealand white rabbits were selected and allocated into two separate groups of test and control. Following confirmation of the rabbit’s health status (normal plasma glucose, urea and creatinine values), those in the test group received a single dose of streptozotocin at 65 mg/kg through the marginal ear vein while the control group were given normal saline solution. Blood samples were collected from the marginal ear vein after 24, 48 and 72 hours and then once every week for 12 weeks and plasma homocysteine, insulin and glucose levels were measured and statistically evaluated. The results indicated significant increase (

Search and Rescue at Sea: Do New Challenges Require New Rules?

Search and rescue at sea (SAR) has been always carried out under principles of customary law of the sea obliging vessels and states to help persons whose ships are in distress at sea. International treaties define more detailed conditions and obligations to provide adequate SAR. The rationale of all these principles and rules, as well as of the associated duties affecting the obliged persons/states to carry out and organize SAR activities, was that of increasing safety at sea and taking care of seafarers and fishermen (or passengers onboard vessels) who were at sea mainly for the purpose of work. The safety of ships has increased enormously in recent decades. Therefore the number of classical SAR operations has become a minimal fraction of those actually carried out to rescue, for example, leisure yachts, migrants and cruise ship tourists that venture into dangerous waters (including the Arctic) in pursuit of adventure. Thus, the original SAR rationale has drastically changed. We need to consider whether the obligations set at the international level for rescuers and affected states should be updated to deal with current rescue missions. To deal with the migration problem in the Mediterranean, the normal SAR schemes \u2013 while not being abandoned \u2013 have been largely supplemented by other forms of international cooperation. This chapter investigates these new forms of cooperation and presents some proposals for updating the SAR international regime to meet the new challenges posed by persons venturing to sea. The Author wishes to thank Chiara Cellerino and Lorenzo Schiano di Pepe for valuable comments on the draft of this paper. Neither of them is, however, even partly responsible for any remaining mistake or inaccuracy