Genetic variation survey of intra-specific (Sepia pharaonis) in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea using PCR-RFLP

This research was conducted to identify Cuttlefish population (Sepia pharaonis) in The Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea using PCR-RFLP. Specimens were collected from )0 different stations. Bottom trawling method was used for sampling from different zones of the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, and finally specimens from S. Pharaonis were collected at each station . DNA was extracted by phenol—Coloroform method. One pair primer was designed based on 1As rRNA gene nucleotide sequences. The results obtained from 1 As rRNA gene RFLP, which was reproduced by PCR technique, were analyzed and utilized for study of diversity of the Cuttlefish population. PCR product with o pair base in length achieved for all specimens, which was subjected to enzymatic digestion by A restriction action enzymes: Alu I-Taq I-Mnl I-Rsa I-Hind III-Dra I-vu II and Hae II DNA bands patterns in all specimens digested by those enzymen showed similarity with no any polymorphism. From this result, it can be concluded that there is not any possibility to isolate different populations in the studied Cuttlefish species under exploitation of rRNA gene

Modelling the time series of capture fishery and aquacultural production in Iran

The trend of capture fishery and aquaculture production in Iran shows an ascending trend. An estimate of future production may be useful for management purposes and providing some clues about the effectiveness of the current plans to reach the goals. We used the data provided by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nation (FAO) to model the time series of the production of aquatics in both sectors. The data covered the years 1980-2018. We predicted the production of aquatics until 2025 using autoregressive integrated moving average models. Several techniques were used to estimate the parameters of the model. However, searching the all possible values of the parameters provided the model with the best predictability. According to the selected model, the production of capture fishery will have ascending trends and increase to 1,513,533 tons in 2025. Aquaculture production will also have an increasing trend, however, the rate of change will be lower than that of the capture fishery. Aquaculture production will reach to 552944 tons in 2025. The forecast is based on the assumption that the rate of changes in the development of capture fishery and aquaculture will remain in the present status. Sudden changes in management practice or environmental conditions may have a remarkable influence on future production

Long-term resveratrol administration improves diabetes-induced pancreatic oxidative stress, inflammatory status, and β cell function in male rats

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by insulin resistance or a defect in the pancreatic beta cells in insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effectiveness of long-term administration of resveratrol on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into four groups of six animals, namely a healthy group, a healthy group receiving resveratrol, a diabetic control group, and a diabetic group receiving resveratrol. Diabetes was induced by single dose injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg; ip), 15 min after injection of nicotinamide (110 mg/kg; ip). Resveratrol was also administered by gavage (5 mg/kg/day) for 4 months. Administration of resveratrol alleviated hyperglycemia, weight loss and pancreatic β cell function measured by HOMA-β. Resveratrol improved oxidative stress (nitrate/nitrite, 8-isoprostane and glutathione) and proinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor α, cyclooxygenase 2, interleukin 6 and nuclear factor kappa B) in the pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats. Resveratrol administration had no significant effect on the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme. These observations indicate that resveratrol administration may be effective as a beneficial factor in improving pancreatic function and reducing the complications of diabetes

Growth and length-weight relationship of Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) cultured in artificial sea water.

Post larvae of Penaeus monodon were cultured in a tank with artificial sea water between November 2009 and February 2010. Length and weight of the specimens were taken every seven days interval for the study of growth and length-weight relationship. The overall average growth rate was estimated at 0.36 mm per day. The mean daily growth rate was 0.53, 0.33 and 0.27 mm at the first, second and third month respectively. The mean body weight of the cultured specimens varied from 111.17 to 874.00 mg. Average growth of the body weight was estimated at 9.03 mg per day. The relative growth coefficient (b) and condition factor (a) was estimated at 2.94 and 0.00693. It is reveal that the exponent (b) of Penaeus monodon was very near to the isometric value (b = 3.0). So, the growth of P. monodon cultured in tank with artificial sea was isometric. It could be concluded that artificial sea water is feasible for culturing P. monodon when sea water is not available or sea water resource is further away from hatchery

On unknown-input functional observability of linear systems

Finding the least possible order of a stable Unknown-Input Functional Observer (UIFO) has always been a challenge in observer design theory. A practical recursive algorithm is proposed in this technical note to design a minimal multi-functional observer for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with unknown-inputs. The concept of unknown-input functional observability is introduced,and it is used as a certificate of the convergence of our algorithm. The proposed procedure looks for a number of additional auxiliary functions to be augmented to the original functions desired for reconstruction. The resulting UIFO is proper, and minimal (of minimum possible order). Moreover, the algorithm does not need the system to be unknown-input observable. A numerical example shows the procedure as well as the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm

Estuary and sea-associated wetlands as final sink for organic pollutants: a case study in Sabah, Malaysia

Estuaries and sea-associated wetlands are the final destination for organic pollutants due to their chemical and physical properties. The current research studied Parai River and estuary adjacent to the southern South China Sea in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Six samples of surface sediment were taken during January 2012. The samples (top 3 cm) were extracted by Soxhlet using Dichloromethane, subjected to 2 steps of column chromatography for clean-up and fractionation followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The results indicated that the highest concentration of alkane in a full range of even and odd carbon numbers is dominant in the estuary and sea-associated wetland. Estuaries receive the highest level of suspended materials due to continuous interaction between marine saline and riverine fresh water. The high amount of Unresolved Complex Mixture (UCM) indicated an incomplete cycle of degradation and decomposition. Terrestrial input was the most dominant natural entry to the study area where C31/C19 ratio was employed. The study concluded that sea-associated wetlands around the estuary may act as the final sink of organic pollutants in the environmen

Comparison of DNA polymorphism of bovine pituitary-specific transcription Factor and Leptin Gene Between Iranian Bos indicus and Bos taurus Cattle Using PCR-RFLP.

Variations at DNA level contribute to the genetic characterization of livestock populations and this may help to identify possible hybridization events as well as past evolutionary trends. The leptin and Pit-1 are attractive candidate genes for production and reproduction traits in cattle. A total of 247 animals from four breeds from two species of Iranian cattle populations in include Bos taurus (Sarabi, Golpayegani) and Bos indicus (Sistani, Taleshi) were genotyped for the Pit-1 Hinfl and leptin Sau3AI polymorphisms by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The genotype and gene frequencies for each group were determined and shown to be quite variable among the breeds. The allele B for the leptin gene and allele A for the Pit-1 gene were investigated high frequency in Bos indicus. Candidate gene approach may be a useful method to measure of genetic distance for cross breeding program between taurin and indicine cattle

Adaptive Washout Filter Based on Fuzzy Logic for a Motion Simulation Platform With Consideration of Joints Limitations

Motion simulation platforms (MSPs) are widely used to generate driving/flying motion sensations for the users. The MSPs have a restricted workspace area due to the dynamical and physical restrictions of the Motion Platforms active joints as well as the physical limitations of its passive joints. The motion cueing algorithm (MCA) is the reproduction of the motion signal including linear accelerations and angular velocities. It aims to simultaneously respect the MSP's workspace limitations and make the same motion feeling for the user as a real vehicle. The Classical washout filter (WF) is a well-known type of MCA. The classical WF is easy to set-up, offers a low computational burden and high functionality but has some major drawbacks such as fixed WF parameters tuned according to worst-case scenarios and no consideration of the human vestibular system. As a result, adaptive WFs were developed to consider the human vestibular system and enhance the efficiency of the method using time-varying filters. The existing adaptive WFs only cogitate the boundaries of the end-effector in the Cartesian coordinate space as a substitute for the active and passive joints limitations, which is MSP's main limiting factor. This conservative assumption reduces the available workspace area of the MSP and increases the motion sensation error for the MSPs user. In this study, a fuzzy logic-based WF is developed, to consider the dynamical and physical boundaries of the active joints as well as the physical boundaries of the passive joints. A genetic algorithm is used to select the membership functions values of the active and passive joints boundaries. The model is designed using MATLAB /Simulink and the outcomes demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method versus existing adaptive WFs

Effect of extrinsic and intrinsic parameters on inulinase production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611

Background: Inulinase is a versatile enzyme from glycoside hydrolase family which targets the \u3b2-2, 1 linkage of fructopolymers. In the present study, the effect of medium composition and culture conditions on inulinase production by Aspergillus niger ATCC 20611 was investigated in shake-flasks. Results: The highest extracellular inulinase (3199 U/ ml) was obtained in the presence of 25% (w/v) sucrose, 0.5% (w/v) meat extract, 1.5% (w/v) NaNO3 and 2.5 mM (v/v) Zn2+, at initial pH of 6.5, temperature 35\ubaC and 6% (v/v) of spores suspension in the agitation speed of 100 rpm. Surfactants showed an inhibitory effect on enzyme production. The optimum temperature for inulinase activity was found to be 50\ubaC. TLC analysis showed the presence of both exo- and endo-inulinase. Conclusion: Sucrose, Zn2+, and aeration were found to be the most effective elements in inulinase production by A. niger ATCC 20611. TLC analysis also showed that the crude enzyme contained both endo and exoinulinases. The strain is suggested as a potential candidate for industrial enzymatic production of fructose from inulin