The Study of the Effect of Teaching Styles (Interventional, Interactional, Non-Interventional) on Self –Efficacy: A Case Study of Secondary School Female Students

This study aims to investigate the effect of different educational styles including interventional, interactional, non-interventional on self –efficacy rate of female students of second-grade of secondary school in Physic lesson. Research method is quasi-experimental by using pre-test - post-test with control group design. The statistical population consists of all female students in second-grade of secondary school in mathematics courses and their total number is 420. The statistical sample of this study consists of 60 subjects that were selected through random sample clustering from the statistical population. The instrument used for the purpose of this study was standard questionnaire of self-efficacy measurement of Sherer and colleagues (1986). The validity of this questionnaire in previous research was reported to be at an acceptable level. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability and its rate was calculated 0/78. In this study, the statistical analysis methods included descriptive statistics and deductive statistical test and one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. Research findings showed that there is a significant difference between students' self-efficacy rates in experimental and control groups F ((3 and 56)=5/441 and P=0/002) and students' self-efficacy has increased through interactive and intervention educational styles. Moreover, different educational styles have had different effects on self-efficacy parameters including the focus on purpose, reflecting on purpose, intrinsic motivation, the ability to solve problems and students' self-assessment

The Study of the Effect of Teaching Styles (Interventional, Interactional, Non-Interventional) on Self –Efficacy: A Case Study of Secondary School Female Students

This study aims to investigate the effect of different educational styles including interventional, interactional, non-interventional on self –efficacy rate of female students of second-grade of secondary school in Physic lesson. Research method is quasi-experimental by using pre-test - post-test with control group design. The statistical population consists of all female students in second-grade of secondary school in mathematics courses and their total number is 420. The statistical sample of this study consists of 60 subjects that were selected through random sample clustering from the statistical population. The instrument used for the purpose of this study was standard questionnaire of self-efficacy measurement of Sherer and colleagues (1986). The validity of this questionnaire in previous research was reported to be at an acceptable level. In this study, Cronbach's alpha was used to assess the reliability and its rate was calculated 0/78. In this study, the statistical analysis methods included descriptive statistics and deductive statistical test and one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. Research findings showed that there is a significant difference between students' self-efficacy rates in experimental and control groups F ((3 and 56)=5/441 and P=0/002) and students' self-efficacy has increased through interactive and intervention educational styles. Moreover, different educational styles have had different effects on self-efficacy parameters including the focus on purpose, reflecting on purpose, intrinsic motivation, the ability to solve problems and students' self-assessment

Epidemiological Study of Injuries among Traffic Accident Patients Admitted to Governmental Hospitals in Isfahan

Introduction: Traffic-related injuries are one of the most significant challenges to the healthcare and socioeconomic systems. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of injuries in patients admitted to Ayatollah Kashani and Al-Zahra hospitals after traffic accidents. Materials and Methods: The study was a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional one. Using stratified random sampling and random numbers, 480 cases of traffic accident patients admitted to Ayatollah Kashani, and Al-Zahra (PBUH) hospitals in the year 1398 (based on the Persian calendar) were selected. A Chi-square test was used to evaluate the hypotheses. Results: Most of the patients' injuries were related to motorcycles (46.3%). The most common injuries were fractures and injuries of the head and face, followed by leg and ankle fractures, especially on the right side. The survey found that the most common season for traffic accidents was autumn, followed by spring. The prevalence was significantly higher in men (77.5%) than women (22.5%). The age groups of 30 to 39 were the most prevalent with 22.7%, followed by 20 to 29 years with 22.3%. Conclusion: The results of this study can help prioritize and implement preventive safety techniques and injury control treatment plans consistent with the Iranian national scientific and research priorities

Ultrafast nonlinear optical properties of passive and active semiconductor devices

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.Nonlinear optical properties and ultrafast carrier dynamics of slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers, silicon nanowaveguides, and III-V semiconductor saturable Bragg reflectors are studied. The limits imposed by two photon absorption and free-carrier absorption on the gain and output powers of an InGaAsP/InP slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifier with a confinement factor of [gamma] = 0.5% are determined. The two-photon absorption coefficient and the induced freecarrier absorption cross-section were measured to be 65cm/GW and 7x10-4 cm2, respectively. The effects of two-photon absorption begin to limit the gain significantly for pulses shorter than 40ps. The carrier recovery times were observed to vary between 390 to 160ps for 1A to 4A bias currents, and the short-pulse saturation fluence of the gain was determined to be 1.4mJ/cm2. Furthermore, nonlinear optical processes in high-index-contrast waveguide circuits consisting of 106nm x 497nm silicon waveguides with Si0 2 and HSQ cladding layers were studied using a heterodyne pump probe experimental setup. The linear loss of the waveguides was determined to be 6.5dB/cm. The two-photon absorption coefficient and free-carrier absorption effective crosssection were determined to be 0.68cm/GW, and 1.9x10-17 cm 2, respectively. Coefficients for the index changes due to optical Kerr effect, and free-carrier density were determined to be 3.2x10- 4 cm 2/W, and -5.5x10-21 cm3. Effects of the proton bombardment on linear loss and carrier lifetimes in the devices were also studied. Carrier lifetime reduction to 33ps with a linear loss of only 14.8dB/cm was achieved using a proton bombardment level of 105 /cm 2. Ultrafast dynamics of semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors were also investigated. The addition of resonant layers to the absorbers resulted in lower saturation fluence and increased non-saturable loss. Proton bombardment was utilized on these devices as well, to decrease the carrier recovery times. With proton bombardment of single-absorber layer devices with 40KeV proton energies at a dose of 1015/cm2, a 1.5ps carrier recovery time was achieved in single-absorber structures.by Ali Reza Motamedi.Ph.D

Changes in soil organic matter driven by shifts in co-dominant plant species in a grassland

International audienceGlobally, grassland soils, if managed properly, are important for the sake of carbon sequestration. The quality and quantity of soil organic carbon is probably influenced by vegetation traits such as composition and plant species. We determined the influence of vegetation composition and co-dominant species on soil organic carbon in two Prangus uloptera stands. The stands situated at close proximity were identified in a Prangos uloptera community in north-western Iran. Both stands shared similar dominant plant species with the same physiographical and climatological characteristics, but differed in their co-dominant plant species. To compare soil organic matter (SOM) parameters, soil samples from each stand were collected from depths of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm. The results showed that SOM had spatial variation which was probably affected by the plant species. The highest values of total C, Total N, POM-C, POM-N, microaggregates, C in macroaggregates and C in microaggregates in the upper soil layer occurred in the stand with the highest cover of Astragalus microcephalus and Acanthophyllum microcephalum. It is suggested that, in conservation projects based on higher carbon sequestration, the plant species with more incorporation of carbon content into soil should be identified and used more widely

The Measurement of Height Via 3D Scans of the Seventh Cervical Vertebra in Iranian Adults

Background: The cervical vertebrae are more durable than other skeletal components, and maybe the only remains of a deceased, and their role in determining the height of the deceased has been underestimated. The present study investigated the role of linear differential dimensions of the seventh cervical vertebrae in determining the height of the Iranian adult population using CT scans.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, height were evaluated by 10 indices of the seventh cervical vertebra. The indices were obtained through a CT scan of 66 adult patients, ≥18 years of age, who referred to Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar hospitals for spine CT scan. The sampling method was random, and the study was performed during the first six months of 2018. Results: Four indices of the Length of the Inferior Facets) LIF, (Length of the Inferior Surface of the Vertebral Body) LIVB, (Width of the Inf surface of the Vertebral Body) WIVB, (Length of Spinous Process ) LSP. were statistically significant differences.Conclusion: The results of this study show the accuracy of linear dimensions of the seventh cervical vertebrae for determining height from skeletal remains in the Iranian adult population

Enhancing Coronal Adaptation of Root Canal Fillings with a Modified Single-Cone Obturation Technique: Two Case Reports

The single-cone technique, also known as the hydraulic condensation technique, is widely employed in endodontics. However, the aforementioned method is presented with certain limitations; specifically concerning the coronal seal and the adaptation of the coronal third of a master gutta-percha (GP) with a round cross-section to the coronal dentinal walls of root canals with semi-round or oval cross-sections. Through two case reports, the current article introduces the coronal vertical condensation (CVC) technique; aiming to enhance GP adaptation to canal walls in similar scenarios. In fact, the coronal vertical condensation technique amalgamates the different aspects of warm vertical condensation and single-cone techniques. In CVC, following the placement of the master GP cone, an electrical heat carrier is inserted immediately a few millimeters apical from the canal orifice to remove the coronal portion of the master GP cone. Subsequently, a hand plugger is used to condense GP in the vertical dimension, and the coronal space is backfilled using melted GP. The implementation of CVC technique has demonstrated an improved coronal adaptation of GP with canal walls. The stated technique seems beneficial; especially in the obturation of severely curved canals or root canals with a final preparation shape of variable taper