Six min Walk Test as a Criterion for going to the Hospital in Suspected COVID-19 Patients; Is it Practical, Safe and Scientifically Justified?

The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide, which greatly endangers the global health and economy. Due to vast limitations in hospital resources, some countries have encountered serious problems for fair access to hospital beds. An interesting letter in this journal recommended 6-minute walk test (6MWT) as a proper clinical test to determine the necessity for going to the hospital in patients with suspected COVID-19. 6MWT is a field exercise test in which, patient should walk for 6 minutes as far as possible. It is usually used to compare pre- and post-treatment conditions in many pulmonary and cardiac disorders or to estimate functional status of individuals with some pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. This test may be applied as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although the idea of finding an applicable and feasible clinical test to do at home is valuable by itself, but in our opinion, there are great concerns to use 6MWT for this purpose. Here, we will discuss about some serious concerns about the practical, judicious and scientifically justified use of this test in patients with suspected COVID-19

Six min Walk Test as a Criterion for going to the Hospital in Suspected COVID-19 Patients; Is it Practical, Safe and Scientifically Justified?

The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide, which greatly endangers the global health and economy. Due to vast limitations in hospital resources, some countries have encountered serious problems for fair access to hospital beds. An interesting letter in this journal recommended 6-minute walk test (6MWT) as a proper clinical test to determine the necessity for going to the hospital in patients with suspected COVID-19. 6MWT is a field exercise test in which, patient should walk for 6 minutes as far as possible. It is usually used to compare pre- and post-treatment conditions in many pulmonary and cardiac disorders or to estimate functional status of individuals with some pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. This test may be applied as a predictor of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Although the idea of finding an applicable and feasible clinical test to do at home is valuable by itself, but in our opinion, there are great concerns to use 6MWT for this purpose. Here, we will discuss about some serious concerns about the practical, judicious and scientifically justified use of this test in patients with suspected COVID-19

Reliability Analysis of Waste Stabilization Pond Under Iran’s Climate Conditions

The present paper seeks to comprehensive view on reliability analysis of waste stabilization pond systems under Iran's climate condition in order to shed lights on their efficiency. For this, data on effluents from nineteen waste stabilization ponds treatment plants were collected. Having been determination of effluents statistical distribution in pond stabilization system using goodness of fit tests, data were analyzed and subsequently, coefficient of reliability for qualitative parameters BOD, COD and TSS were calculated. According to the results, a few treatment plants were found to provide reliable performance under operational conditions. The average design concentration of the above parameters in order to meets Iranian discharge standards for effluent discharge into surface water; irrigation and agriculture purpose were obtained. Finally, percent of expected compliance from stabilization ponds system if kept in the same conditions was determined

Reliability Analysis of Waste Stabilization Pond Under Iran’s Climate Conditions

The present paper seeks to comprehensive view on reliability analysis of waste stabilization pond systems under Iran's climate condition in order to shed lights on their efficiency. For this, data on effluents from nineteen waste stabilization ponds treatment plants were collected. Having been determination of effluents statistical distribution in pond stabilization system using goodness of fit tests, data were analyzed and subsequently, coefficient of reliability for qualitative parameters BOD, COD and TSS were calculated. According to the results, a few treatment plants were found to provide reliable performance under operational conditions. The average design concentration of the above parameters in order to meets Iranian discharge standards for effluent discharge into surface water; irrigation and agriculture purpose were obtained. Finally, percent of expected compliance from stabilization ponds system if kept in the same conditions was determined

Reliability Analysis of Waste Stabilization Pond Under Iran’s Climate Conditions

The present paper seeks to comprehensive view on reliability analysis of waste stabilization pond systems under Iran's climate condition in order to shed lights on their efficiency. For this, data on effluents from nineteen waste stabilization ponds treatment plants were collected. Having been determination of effluents statistical distribution in pond stabilization system using goodness of fit tests, data were analyzed and subsequently, coefficient of reliability for qualitative parameters BOD, COD and TSS were calculated. According to the results, a few treatment plants were found to provide reliable performance under operational conditions. The average design concentration of the above parameters in order to meets Iranian discharge standards for effluent discharge into surface water; irrigation and agriculture purpose were obtained. Finally, percent of expected compliance from stabilization ponds system if kept in the same conditions was determined

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXHAUSTION AND PAD-STEAM METHODS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF HANDLE, DYE UPTAKE AND WATER ABSORPTION OF POLYESTER/COTTON FABRIC

In this study, a pad-steam process for treatment of polyester/cotton fabric with sodium hydroxide is developed and the effects of process parameters on selected properties of the fabric are investigated. The results are compared with the conventional exhaustion process. Both processes improved the handle, dyeability and water absorption of the polyester/cotton fabric, but the pad-steam process has the advantages of less strength loss of the fibers, shorter treatment time, lower consumption of water and chemicals that make the process less hazardous to the environment

Fordyce happiness program and postpartum depression

Background: Postpartum depression is endangering the health of mothers and has negative impacts on the evolution of social communication and newborns evolution. This study was conducted to determine the effects of Fordyce Happiness program on the postpartum depression. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental intervention carried out on postpartum mothers that referred to 4 health centers in Isfahan. A total of 133 mothers were selected by convenient sampling and then randomly allocated in two groups (63 and 70 mothers for intervention and control respectively). Maternal depression 3 times before, immediate and 1 months after intervention in both groups was evaluated with Beck Depression Inventory-II-Persian standardized questionnaires. Educational sessions based on the Fordyce happiness program were conducted for intervention group. Data was analyzed in SPSS17 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois) descriptive and analytic statistical tests at significance level of 0.05. Results: No significant differences in demographic variables between the two groups (P >= 0.05). No significant differences in depression scores in the two groups before training. However after 2 months a significant difference in depression score was observed between two groups (control group: 19.38 +/- 3.94; intervention group: 16.24 +/- 4.8; P < 0.001). Furthermore in intervention group showed significant differences in depression scores before and after intervention (19.15 +/- 3.41 and 16.24 +/- 4.83; P < 0.001). However in the control group had not any significant change. Conclusion: Fordyce happiness program was effective in reducing postpartum depression in our study. With attention to the effectiveness and low cost of this program, it is recommended that this program might be considered for all mothers after childbirth in health centers or other community-based settings

Health-Related Quality of Life in Prostate Cancer Survivors : Implications for Nursing Care

publishedVersio

Comparing the performance and problems of pre-school centers and kindergartens in Varamin city in Iran

The necessity to examine the performance and problems of pre-school course is due to the significant effect of this course in the child's growth. In this descriptive study, we used systematic perspective to survey and the statistical community is all the managers, coaches and parents of pre-school centers of Varamin in academic year of 2012-13 (2772 people). The sample size is 598 people, according to Morgan table collecting information has been done through observation, interviews, questionnaires and in library and validity of tool research was approved by the teachers and the coefficient of 941/0 = α was calculated, which is an indicative of appropriate stability. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The results indicated that there is a significant difference in performance and problems in preschool centers under the protection of education and welfare centers in the size of input, process and environment