Obtención de celulosa a base de plantas que crecen alrededor de las aguas de canal

Se obtuvo celulosa para cartoncillo o papel de escritura a partir de plantas que crecen alrededor de los canales de aguas residuales. Con esto se dará mejor uso a las plantas que crecen sobre estas zonas, y consecuentemente mejorar los senderos donde se encuentran ya que no suelen aprovecharse de una manera correcta, para obtener un producto de calidad y competitivo para su futura comercialización. En esta investigación se trabajó con 4 diferentes tipo de plantas encontradas en la zona, las cuales fueron: Schinus molle, Ricinus communis, Hypochaeris radicata, Atriplex canescens y mezcla de plantas. El calentamiento se realizó a 150°C, en una bomba solvotermal, obteniendo así resultados similares a los de la industria, para verificar se comparó el rendimiento obtenido en cada planta, con la finalidad de determinar cuál posee las propiedades más adecuadas para la elaboración de cartoncillo y del papel de escritura.Cellulose for cardboard and writing paperit was obtained from plants that born in sewage, the plants of this place can have a better use and consequently become it in a safer place. It getting a quality and competitive product. In this project were used 4 differentplants found in this zone that was: Schinus molle, Ricinus communis, Hypochaeris radicata, Atriplex canescens and mix of plants.The temperature was 150°C in a solvothermal vessel, found similar results comparative with industries, each one plant were compared for determinate which one have the better properties to make cardboard or writing paper

A cross‐sectional, prospective ocular motor study in 72 patients with Niemann‐Pick disease type C

Objective: To characterize ocular motor function in patients with Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). Methods: In a multicontinental, cross-sectional study we characterized ocular-motor function in 72 patients from 12 countries by video-oculography. Interlinking with disease severity, we also searched for ocular motor biomarkers. Our study protocol comprised reflexive and self-paced saccades, smooth pursuit, and gaze-holding in horizontal and vertical planes. Data were compared with those of 158 healthy controls (HC). Results: Some 98.2% of patients generated vertical saccades below the 95% CI of the controls' peak velocity. Only 46.9% of patients had smooth pursuit gain lower than that of 95% CI of HC. The involvement in both downward and upward directions was similar (51°/s (68.9, [32.7-69.3]) downward versus 78.8°/s (65.9, [60.8-96.8]) upward). Horizontal saccadic peak velocity and latency, vertical saccadic duration and amplitude, and horizontal position smooth pursuit correlated best to disease severity. Compensating strategies such as blinks to elicit saccades, and head and upper body movements to overcome the gaze palsy, were observed. Vertical reflexive saccades were more impaired and slower than self-paced ones. Gaze-holding was normal. Ocular-motor performance depended on the age of onset and disease duration. Conclusions: This is the largest cohort of NPC patients investigated for ocular-motor function. Vertical supranuclear saccade palsy is the hallmark of NPC. Vertical upward and downward saccades are equally impaired. Horizontal saccadic peak velocity and latency, vertical saccadic duration and amplitude, and horizontal position smooth pursuit can be used as surrogate parameters for clinical trials. Compensating strategies can contribute to establishing a diagnosis

Effects of attentional focus instructions on the learning of a target task: a moderation role of visual feedback

The present study examined whether visual feedback can have a moderating effect on the relation between attentional focus instructions and the learning of a target movement skill. Participants (N: 100, mean age: 21.0 years, SD: 2.1) were randomly assigned into visual feedback versus non-visual feedback groups. Each group was split into five subgroups: control, internal focus on the arm, and three external focus groups including focus on the dart, on the flight of the dart, and on the bull’s-eye. Participants in each subgroup were asked to throw the darts at the dartboard using their specified focus instructions with either full-visual or nonvisual information on results. The accuracy scores of throws were analyzed in 2 (visual groups) x 5 (focus subgroups) x 6 (trial blocks) analysis of variance with repeated measures on the last factor in acquisition, and 2 (visual groups) x 5 (focus subgroups) analysis of variance in retention and transfer. While the attentional focus instructions were not confirmed as a significant factor in practice, visual feedback was more beneficial than non-visual feedback in the acquisition of a target task. However, the benefits of practicing with visual feedback were not observed in the retention and transfer tests when vision was available. Furthermore, external focus on the flight of the dart was more beneficial than the other attentional focus instructions in transfer test, showing that the optimized distance of external focus of attention for the learning may change when a target task is executed on a stable or variable (moving) target

A meta-analysis reveals the environmental and host factors shaping the structure and function of the shrimp microbiota

The shrimp or prawn is the most valuable traded marine product in the world market today and its microbiota plays an essential role in its development, physiology, and health. The technological advances and dropping costs of high-throughput sequencing have increased the number of studies characterizing the shrimp microbiota. However, the application of different experimental and bioinformatics protocols makes it difficult to compare different studies to reach general conclusions about shrimp microbiota. To meet this necessity, we report the first meta-analysis of the microbiota from freshwater and marine shrimps using all publically available sequences of the 16S ribosomal gene (16S rRNA gene). We obtained data for 199 samples, in which 63.3% were from marine (Alvinocaris longirostris, Litopenaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon), and 36.7% were from freshwater (Macrobrachium asperulum, Macrobrachium nipponense, Macrobranchium rosenbergii, Neocaridina denticulata) shrimps. Technical variations among studies, such as selected primers, hypervariable region, and sequencing platform showed a significant impact on the microbiota structure. Additionally, the ANOSIM and PERMANOVA analyses revealed that the most important biological factor in structuring the shrimp microbiota was the marine and freshwater environment (ANOSIM R = 0.54, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 21.8, P = 0.001), where freshwater showed higher bacterial diversity than marine shrimps. Then, for marine shrimps, the most relevant biological factors impacting the microbiota composition were lifestyle (ANOSIM R = 0.341, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 8.50, P = 0.0001), organ (ANOSIM R = 0.279, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 6.68, P = 0.001) and developmental stage (ANOSIM R = 0.240, P = 0.001; PERMANOVA pseudo-F = 5.05, P = 0.001). According to the lifestyle, organ, developmental stage, diet, and health status, the highest diversity were for wild-type, intestine, adult, wild-type diet, and healthy samples, respectively. Additionally, we used PICRUSt to predict the potential functions of the microbiota, and we found that the organ had more differentially enriched functions (93), followed by developmental stage (12) and lifestyle (9). Our analysis demonstrated that despite the impact of technical and bioinformatics factors, the biological factors were also statistically significant in shaping the microbiota. These results show that cross-study comparisons are a valuable resource for the improvement of the shrimp microbiota and microbiome fields. Thus, it is important that future studies make public their sequencing data, allowing other researchers to reach more powerful conclusions about the microbiota in this non-model organism. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis that aims to define the shrimp microbiota

Determinación de las propiedades ácidas en materiales de Al₂O₃ y TiO₂ sulfatados

La industria química tiene que controlar las reacciones químicas con el fin de obtener productos con cualidades específicas; para ello se han utilizado diversos tipos de catalizadores, sin embargo, son los catalizadores ácidos más importantes en esta industria debido a las muchas reacciones que se aplica. El aumento de materiales ácidos comúnmente se hace por impregnación del grupo sulfato. Por lo tanto, en este trabajo, la mezcla de óxido de TiO₂ con Al₂O₃ es sulfatado para aumentar las propiedades ácidas. Los materiales se sintetizan por el método de precipitación, variando el contenido de Al₂O₃. Técnicas de caracterización se utilizaron como: 1) de XRD, 2) Espectroscopia FTIR 3) Espectrocopía Raman 4) Microscopía electrónica de barrido y 5) Determinación de las propiedades ácido-base por técnicas de adsorción de piridina FTIR.The chemical industry has to control the chemical reactions in order to obtain products with specific qualities; for it have been used various types of catalysts, however, are the most important acid catalysts in this industry due to the many reactions that applies. Increasing acidic materials commonly done by impregnating the sulfate group. Therefore, in this work, the TiO₂ oxide mixture with Al₂O₃ is sulfated for increasing the acid properties. The materials are synthesized by precipitation method, varying the content of Al₂O₃. Characterization techniques were used as: 1) XRD, 2) FTIR Spectroscopy 3) Raman Spectroscopy 4) scanning electron microscopy and 5) Determination of the acid-base properties by pyridine adsorption technique FTIR

Síntesis mediante la técnica solvotermal de partículas nanoestructuradas de WO₃ dopadas con S

En este trabajo, se realizó la síntesis por medio de la técnica de solvotermal para encontrar partículas nanoestructuradas de tungsteno-azufre-oxígeno y la caracterización se llevó a cabo por las técnicas de: Microscopia Electrónica de Barrido (SEM y EDAX) con mapeo de elementos para conocer la morfología y composición de los materiales sintetizados. En este trabajo también se presenta el estudio de la capacitancia del WO₃-S donde se ve reflejado el rendimiento eléctrico respecto al WO₃, ya que, al ser dopado el óxido de tungsteno con azufre, se modifican las propiedades ópticas y semiconductoras del compuesto, los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo concuerdan con la variación de la propiedad analizada.In this work, the synthesis was performed by means of the solvothermal technique to find nanostructured particles of tungsten-sulfur-oxygen and the characterization of a strand by the techniques of: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM and EDAX) with Element Mapping know the morphology and composition of the synthesized materials. In this work also presents the study of the capacitance of WO-S where the electrical performance is reflected with respect to WO₃, since when the tungsten oxide is doped with sulfur, the optical and semiconductor properties of the compound are modified, the results get in this work agree with the variation of the analyzed property

Genomic resources for wild populations of the house mouse, Mus musculus and its close relative Mus spretus

WOS: 000390231600001PubMed ID: 27622383Wild populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus) represent the raw genetic material for the classical inbred strains in biomedical research and are a major model system for evolutionary biology. We provide whole genome sequencing data of individuals representing natural populations of M. m. domesticus (24 individuals from 3 populations), M. m. helgolandicus (3 individuals), M. m. musculus (22 individuals from 3 populations) and M. spretus (8 individuals from one population). We use a single pipeline to map and call variants for these individuals and also include 10 additional individuals of M. m. castaneus for which genomic data are publically available. In addition, RNAseq data were obtained from 10 tissues of up to eight adult individuals from each of the three M. m. domesticus populations for which genomic data were collected. Data and analyses are presented via tracks viewable in the UCSC or IGV genome browsers. We also provide information on available outbred stocks and instructions on how to keep them in the laboratory.Max-Planck Society; DFG [HA 3139/4-1]; ERC [322564]; contract-research-project for the Bundeswehr Medical Service [M/SABX/005]This work was mostly financed by institutional resources of the Max-Planck Society, a DFG grant to B.H. and M.T. (HA 3139/4-1) and an ERC grant to D.T. (NewGenes, 322564). We thank Sonja Ihle, Susanne Krochter, Ruth Rottscheidt for contributing to collecting animals in the wild and our animal care takers for active involvement of optimizing the scheme for wild mouse keeping. The initial analysis of mice from Afghanistan was funded by contract-research-project for the Bundeswehr Medical Service M/SABX/005. We thank Bastian Pfeifer for help with software package PopGenome, Leslie Turner for discussion and Daniel M. Hooper and Trevor Price for helpful comments on the manuscript. D.T. had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis

Synthesis of Pt-Mo/WMCNTs Nanostructures Reduced by the Green Chemical Route and Its Electrocatalytic Activity in the ORR

Platinum (Pt) and molybdenum (Mo) nanoparticles were supported on multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by a green chemical route. Different relations of Pt:Mo (10:0, 8:2, 5:5, 2:8, and 0:10, respectively) in weight percent were compared to their electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an acid medium. The morphologies and the structure were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The rotary disc electrode (RDE) and linear voltammetry (LV) techniques were employed to observe the electron transfer and mass transport phenomena. The surface activation of the samples was conducted by cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique According to the TEM analysis. The TEM analysis, shows that Mo and Pt nanoparticles have a good dispersion on the tubular carbon support, with sizes between 3.94 and 10.97 nm. All Pt-containing ratios had exhibited a first-order transfer in the ORR without inhibition of the reaction. Molybdenum is a reducing agent (oxyphilic metal) that benefits the adsorption of oxygenated species. The Pt:Mo 8:2 wt.% ratio presents the maximum benefits in the kinetic parameters. The Mo10/MWCNTs nanostructure inhibits the ORR due to the strong bonds it presents with oxygen. Molybdenum at low concentrations with platinum is conducive to oxygen molecule adsorption-desorption by increasing the ORR’s electroactivity

Conflict of interest disclosure in oncology: preliminary insights from the Global ONCOTRUST-1 cross-sectional study

Purpose Conflicts of interest (COIs) between oncologists and industry might considerably influence how the presentation of the research results is delivered, ultimately affecting clinical decisions and policy-making. Although there are many regulations on reporting COI in high-income countries (HICs), little is known about their reporting in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Oncology Transparency Under Scrutiny and Tracking (ONCOTRUST-1) is a pilot global survey to explore the knowledge and perceptions of oncologists regarding COI. Materials and Methods We designed an online 27-question–based survey in the English language to explore the perceptions and knowledge of oncologists regarding COI, with an emphasis on LMICs. Descriptive statistics and the Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies guidelines were used to report the findings. Results ONCOTRUST-1 surveyed 200 oncologists, 70.9% of them practicing in LMICs. Median age of the respondents was 36 (range, 26-84) years; 47.5% of them were women. Of the respondents, 40.5% reported weekly visits by pharmaceutical representatives to their institutions. Regarding oncologists' perceptions of COI that require disclosure, direct financial benefits, such as honoraria, ranked highest (58.5%), followed by gifts from pharmaceutical representatives (50%) and travel grants for attending conferences (44.5%). By contrast, personal or institutional research funding, sample drugs, consulting or advisory board, expert testimony, and food and beverage funded by pharmaceutical industry were less frequently considered as COI. Moreover, only 24% of surveyed oncologists could correctly categorize all situations representing a COI. Conclusion These findings underscore the importance of clear guidelines, education, and transparency in reporting COI in oncology. This hypothesis-generating pilot survey provided the rationale for ONCOTRUST-2 study, which will compare perceptions of COI among oncologists in LMICs and HICs

Síntesis y caracterización de heteropoliácidos aplicado a la obtención de nitrobenceno para condiciones suaves

En el presente trabajo de investigación se estudia la actividad catalítica de Heteropoliácidos soportados en zirconia para obtener su eficiencia y utilización en ciertas reacciones basándonos en las propiedades acidas de estos compuestos, principalmente la obtención de nitrobenceno, por condiciones suaves. El tratamiento de los datos cinéticos se realizó mediante la técnica de espectroscopia FTIR. También se realizó la caracterización de los catalizadores por medio de espectroscopia de infrarrojo, espectroscopia de UV-vis, difracción de rayos X y microscopía electrónica de barrido, observando sus propiedades para la determinación de la eficiencia de los catalizadores.In this research was study the catalytic activity of Heteropolyacids supported in zirconia to obtain their efficiency and use in certain reactions based on their acidic properties of these compounds, mainly obtaining nitrobenzene, for milder conditions. The treatment of kinetic data will be carried out using the FTIR spectroscopy technique. The characterization analysis of catalysts will also be done by different techniques such as Infrared Spectroscopy, UV-vis Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and Scanning Microscopy, observing its properties for the determination of the efficiency of the catalysts