A Survey on the Transient Stability of Power Systems with Converter Connected Distributed Generation

In the classical (vertical) power systems the synchronous operation of every interconnected synchronous machine (with its inherently rotating masses - inertia) is the main requirement for stable operation. As many of the distributed generation technologies are connected to the distribution network via power electronic interfaces, and do not contain inertia, the power system may show different transient stability phenomena. In this paper, the transient stability of power systems with (inertia less) converter connected distributed generation is explored via the Equal Area Criterion method and compared with that of a traditional (vertical) power system. With the existence of a strong external system, it is found that a system with a higher level of penetration of DG exhibits better stability, as measured by improved critical clearing times of the remaining synchronous generator(s)

Implementasi Sistem Keamanan Komputer Menggunakan Sistem Terintegrasi Client Server Metode Service Oreintal Architecture (SOA)

Pembatasan hak akses dalam suatu sistem komputer yang dibangun merupakan bagian dari keamanan sistem yang dapat dilakukan. Meningkatnya akses melalui internet memberikan peluang cukup besar bagi seseorang untuk mengganggu sistem yang dibangun orang lain yang sifatnya stand alone, jaringan lokal maupun jaringan global. Dalam membangun sistem keamanan atas aplikasi pada penelitian ini adalah menggunakan Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Dalam SOA sebuah permodelan sistem perangkat lunak dibangun dengan pendekatan service oriented yaitu pendekatan pada pelayanan terhadap keamanan data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan metode SOA, sistem aplikasi belajar mengajar dapat digunakan lebih baik dan tepat  tanpa perlu khawatir akan ada  data yang hilang atau dikendalikan oleh oranglain. &nbsp

Proceedings of Abstracts, School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science Research Conference 2022

© 2022 The Author(s). This is an open-access work distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For further details please see https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Plenary by Prof. Timothy Foat, ‘Indoor dispersion at Dstl and its recent application to COVID-19 transmission’ is © Crown copyright (2022), Dstl. This material is licensed under the terms of the Open Government Licence except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3 or write to the Information Policy Team, The National Archives, Kew, London TW9 4DU, or email: [email protected] present proceedings record the abstracts submitted and accepted for presentation at SPECS 2022, the second edition of the School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science Research Conference that took place online, the 12th April 2022

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

Effect of Accelerator Addition on the Drying Time, Thickness and Glossy Clear Coat in Vehicle’s Body

Painting is the application of paint in liquid form onto the object, to create a thin layer which is then dried to form a hard layer or layers of paint. Many things are influential in the painting process, including the clear coat process which functions as a gloss effect and protects and maintains the paint color of the vehicle. In this research, it was expected to know the effect of the ratio between the thinner and accelerator on the clear coat on drying time, thickness, and glossiness of the clear coat. In this study, the mixture ratio variations of accelerator and thinner used were 0%: 100%, 25%: 75%, 50%: 50%, 75%: 25%. The speeds of drying with the aforementioned ratio of accelerator and thinner were 28 mins, 24 mins, 18 mins, and 16 mins respectively, while the values of the thickness of the ratio were 53, 4 µm, 55.6 µm, 54.03 µm, and 57.1 µm respectively, and the glossiness values of the accelerator and thinner with the ratio were 96.1 Gu, 95.4 Gu, 92.5 Gu, and 93.1 Gu respectively

Development of micro-EDM with microactuator feed control system = membangunkan EDM mikro menggunakan aktuator mikro sebagai sistem penyuapan pemotongan

This project aims in revealing varieties of methods in tool feed control for Micro electric discharge machining (EDM) process with new advanced technology achieved. Although Micro EDM usage is essential in manufacturing sector but the gap phenomena still remains complicated and unstable. Recent research improves the gap control problem with latest technology such as servomechanism, fuzzy logic, Piezoelectric transducer (PZT), ultrasonic vibration and many more. PZT tool feed control system is used in this project as the main system to prevent any adhesion and to reduce tool wear. This project also aims in discussing factors influencing tool wear and new tool materials in Micro EDM. Tool wear prevention in EDM is essential because quality and precision of the product machined by EDM depends on the tool wear. If the tool wear is high, the product machined depth will be inaccurate with low surface quality. In future prospect, Micro EDM should be equipped with self learning and user friendly utilities for mass production usage. Future Micro EDM will be a package of integrated self learning and fast production machine

ANALYSIS OF NEW MEDIA THROUGH SOCIAL MEDIA NETWORKS AS A MARKETING TOOL IN THE NEW ERA

This research adopts a qualitative technique based on discourse analysis. Data is gathered by observation, book study, and document study. Many corporations leverage social media users as a platform to market and publicize their brands. In addition to the positive aspects of social media and Web 2.0, such as the ease of accessing features and the rapid flow of information and sharing content, it also has negative aspects and dangers such as cyberbullying, identity falsification, hacking and cracking, the danger of viruses that harm software, piracy, plagiarism, and leakage and theft of information. The accessibility of sharing content on social media allows communicators to package communications with certain visual symbols to communicate messages to communicants who are social media users in the new media era

The Advancement of Solid-State Transformer Technology and Its Operation and Control with Power Grids: A Review

Solid-state transformer (SST) technology is one of the developing technologies that will be widely used in the future to integrate low-voltage and high-voltage networks with control circuitries and power electronics converters, facilitating renewables integration in smart grid applications. SST technology has crucial key advantageous features, including compact size and weight, low cost, and ease of connection in offshore applications. However, SST technology exhibits a few concerns, such as implementation, protection, economic, and communication compatibility, that need to be addressed. This paper aims to review SST technology with its advanced control schemes and provide future directions for research and development, applications, and prospects. In line with this, highly cited SST technology papers are examined to derive and summarize concerning issues related to its operation and control with further research development of power grids. Moreover, this review discusses the assessment and state-of-the-art technology of SSTs in different applications, focusing on configurations, control circuitry, and their drawbacks and benefits. Numerous issues and challenges of SST technology are explored to identify the existing knowledge gaps and potential future recommendations. All these critical analyses, information, and evaluations would benefit power engineers and researchers in developing and implementing advanced intelligent SST technologies for sustainable energy management in future power systems