Factors affecting farmland values in the United States

Farmland value has more than quadrupled since 1940. Before the early 1950\u27s, however, changes in farmland value had been closely related to changes in farm product prices and net farm income. But since that time, farmland value has increased substantially without a corresponding rise in net farm income. This widening spread between farmland values and net farm income created the interest for this study. Our major objective was to identify the principal factors affecting farmland value and to estimate the effect of these variables. To accomplish this objective, we developed hypotheses to explain the changes in farmland value that included the effect of expected net farm income, government farm—program payments, expected capital gains, technological advance, farm enlargement, the number of voluntary transfers of farmland and an in creasing demand for land from a growing population

An Anthropometric Study of 38 Individuals With Prader-Labhart- Willi Syndrome

Weight, height, sitting height, and 24 other anthropometric variables (5 body circumferences, skinfolds at 7 sites, 4 head dimensions, and 8 hand and foot measurements) were obtained on 38 Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PLWS) individuals (21 with apparent chromosome 15 deletions and 17 nondeletion cases) with an age range of 2 weeks to 38½ years. More than half of these individuals were measured on more than one occasion. The measurements confirmed the presence of short stature, small hands and feet, obesity, and narrow bi-frontal diameter in PLWS. No differences were found for the anthropometric measurements between the 2 chromosome subgroups. Inverse correlations were produced with linear measurements (eg, height, hand and foot lengths) and age, which indicated a deceleration of linear growth relative to normal individuals with increasing age

X-ray Line Diagnostics of Hot Accretion Flows around Black Holes

We compute X-ray emission lines from thermal plasma in hot accretion flows. We show that line profiles are strong probes of the gas dynamics, and we present line-ratio diagnostics which are sensitive to the distribution of mass with temperature in the flow. We show how these can be used to constrain the run of density with radius, and the size of the hot region. We also present diagnostics which are primarily sensitive to the importance of recombination versus collisional ionization, and which could help discriminate ADAFs from photoionization-dominated accretion disk coronae. We apply our results to the Galactic center source Sagittarius A* and to the nucleus of M87. We find that the brightest predicted lines are within the detection capability of current $X$-ray instruments.Comment: 16 pages, 1 table, 9 figures, accepted to Ap

An historical-descriptive assessment of the Performance Objective Program : a systems approach to individualizing instruction.

EducationDoctor of Education (Ed.D.

RIDS for Red Books from the Spacecraft Monitoring and Control Working Group of the CCSDS

This document presents a listing of the Review Item Dispositions (RIDs) to be presented to the The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS)

Simultaneous multiwavelength observations of V404 Cygni during its 2015 June outburst decay strengthen the case for an extremely energetic jet-base

We present results of multiband optical photometry of the black hole X-ray binary system V404 Cygni obtained using Wheaton College Observatory's 0.3m telescope, along with strictly simultaneous INTEGRAL and Swift observations during 2015 June 25.15--26.33 UT, and 2015 June 27.10--27.34 UT. These observations were made during the 2015 June outburst of the source when it was going through an epoch of violent activity in all wavelengths ranging from radio to $\gamma$-rays. The multiwavelength variability timescale favors a compact emission region, most likely originating in a jet outflow, for both observing epochs presented in this work. The simultaneous INTEGRAL/Imager on Board the Integral Satellite (IBIS) 20--40 keV light curve obtained during the June 27 observing run correlates very strongly with the optical light curve, with no detectable delay between the optical bands as well as between the optical and hard X-rays. The average slope of the dereddened spectral energy distribution was roughly flat between the $I_C$- and $V$-bands during the June 27 run, even though the optical and X-ray flux varied by $>$25$\times$ during the run, ruling out an irradiation origin for the optical and suggesting that the optically thick to optically thin jet synchrotron break during the observations was at a frequency larger than that of $V$-band, which is quite extreme for X-ray binaries. These observations suggest that the optical emission originated very close to the base of the jet. A strong H$\alpha$ emission line, probably originating in a quasi-spherical nebula around the source, also contributes significantly in the $R_C$-band. Our data, in conjunction with contemporaneous data at other wavelengths presented by other groups, strongly suggest that the jet-base was extremely compact and energetic during this phase of the outburst.Comment: 15 pages, 2 tables, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in Ap

OTF Mission Operations Prototype Status

A prototype system for monitoring spacecraft operations and control, including an alert system, is highlighted

A concise synthesis of a methyl ester 2-resorcinarene: A chair-conformation macrocycle

Anions are important hydrogen bond acceptors in a range of biological, chemical, environ-mental and medical molecular recognition processes. These interactions have been exploited for the design and synthesis of ditopic resorcinarenes as the hydrogen bond strength can be tuned through the modification of the substituent at the 2-position. However, many potentially useful compounds, especially those incorporating electron-withdrawing functionalities, have not been prepared due to the challenge of their synthesis: their incorporation slows resorcinarene formation that is accessed by electrophilic aromatic substitution. As part of our broader campaign to employ resorcinarenes as selective recognition elements, we need access to these specialized materials. In this article, we report a straightforward synthetic pathway for obtaining a 2-(carboxymethyl)-resorcinarene, and resorcinarene esters in general. We discuss the unusual conformation it adopts and propose that this arises from the electron-withdrawing nature of the ester substituents that renders them better hydrogen bond acceptors than the phenols, ensuring that each of them acts as a donor only. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations show that this conformation arises as a consequence of the unusual configurational isomerism of this compound and interruption of the archetypal hydrogen bonding by the ester functionality