Association of night-waking and inattention/hyperactivity symptoms trajectories in preschool-aged children

International audienceObjective: To study the longitudinal associations between inattention/hyperactivity symptoms and night-waking in preschool-years, in light of their joint evolution.Study design: Within the French birth-cohort study EDEN, repeated measures of 1342 children’s night-waking and inattention/hyperactivity symptoms were collected at age 2, 3 and 5-6 through questionnaires. Trajectories were computed using group-based modeling. Logistic regressions, adjusted for confounding factors, were used to measure the association between trajectories and to determine risk factors for belonging to the identified joint trajectories.Results: Two night-waking trajectories were observed, 20% of the children had a trajectory of “common night-waking”, and 80% a trajectory of “rare night-waking”. The children were distributed in three inattention/hyperactivity trajectories, a low (47%), medium (40%) and high one (13%). Both night-waking and inattention/hyperactivity trajectories showed persistence of difficulties in preschool years. The risk of presenting a high inattention/hyperactivity trajectory compared to a low one was of 4.19[2.68-6.53] for common night-wakers, compared to rare night-wakers. Factors associated with joint trajectories were parent’s education level and history of childhood behavioral problems, and the child’s gender, night-sleep duration and collective care at 2 years of age.Conclusion: Results suggest that children presenting behavioral difficulties would benefit from a systematic investigation of their sleep quality and conversely

Analyse de récits d'expériences personnelles d'une population présentant une déficience intellectuelle, lors d'entretiens de recherche

Peu de recherches sont consacrées à l’étude des récits d’expériences personnelles et aux questions que des personnes avec une déficience intellectuelle (DI) introduisent spontanément dans des entretiens de recherche. Quels sont leurs intérêts et comment communiquent-elles, malgré leurs limites cognitives et langagières? La présente étude a été réalisée auprès de 10 adultes avec une DI, âgés de 23 à 34 ans qui ont participé à des entretiens portant sur les apprentissages à l’âge adulte[1]. Elle indique la part que représentent ces récits et questions par rapport à l’entretien de recherche et les différentes stratégies utilisées par les interlocuteurs pour favoriser leur émergence et leur maintien, donnant ainsi accès aux intérêts et préoccupations de l’interviewé. Les différences interindividuelles observées soulignent la nécessité d’ajuster les stratégies pour manifester une attention soutenue et pour mieux accueillir les propos de l’interviewé.Little research is devoted to the study of personal experience stories and issues that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) spontaneously introduce in research interviews. What are their interests and how do they communicate, despite their cognitive and language limitations? This study was conducted among 10 adults with ID, aged 23 to 34 who participated in interviews on learning in adulthood. It shows the share that these stories and questions play in the research interview and the different strategies used by speakers to promote their emergence, providing access to the interests and concerns of the interviewee. The observed interindividual differences emphasize the need to adjust strategies to demonstrate sustained attention and to better accommodate the comments of the interviewee

Analyse de récits d’expériences personnelles d’une population présentant une déficience intellectuelle, lors d’entretiens de recherche

Peu de recherches sont consacrées à l’étude des récits d’expériences personnelles et aux questions que des personnes avec une déficience intellectuelle (DI) introduisent spontanément dans des entretiens de recherche. Quels sont leurs intérêts et comment communiquent-elles, malgré leurs limites cognitives et langagières? La présente étude a été réalisée auprès de 10 adultes avec une DI, âgés de 23 à 34 ans qui ont participé à des entretiens portant sur les apprentissages à l’âge adulte. Elle indique la part que représentent ces récits et questions par rapport à l’entretien de recherche et les différentes stratégies utilisées par les interlocuteurs pour favoriser leur émergence et leur maintien, donnant ainsi accès aux intérêts et préoccupations de l’interviewé. Les différences interindividuelles observées soulignent la nécessité d’ajuster les stratégies pour manifester une attention soutenue et pour mieux accueillir les propos de l’interviewé.Little research is devoted to the study of personal experience stories and issues that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) spontaneously introduce in research interviews. What are their interests and how do they communicate, despite their cognitive and language limitations? This study was conducted among 10 adults with ID, aged 23 to 34 who participated in interviews on learning in adulthood. It shows the share that these stories and questions play in the research interview and the different strategies used by speakers to promote their emergence, providing access to the interests and concerns of the interviewee. The observed interindividual differences emphasize the need to adjust strategies to demonstrate sustained attention and to better accommodate the comments of the interviewee

Night-sleep Duration Trajectories and Behavior in Preschoolers: Results from a Prospective Birth Cohort Study

International audienceBackground: Short sleep duration is associated with concomitant behavioral difficulties, but the longitudinal association between sleep duration and later behavior in early childhood remains unclear. The aim was to study the association between sleep duration trajectories throughout preschool and behavior at age 5-6 years.Participants: 1021 children of the French birth-cohort EDEN were included in this study.Methods: Night-sleep duration trajectories were modeled on the basis of repeated measures collected at age 2, 3 and 5-6 years by parental questionnaires. Behavior was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), with five subscales measuring conduct problems, emotional symptoms, peer relation problems, antisocial behavior, and hyperactivity-inattention problems. The subscales were dichotomized by the 25th percentile. Multivariable logistic regression, adjusted for baseline behavior, and assessment of multiple confounding factors allowed for studying the independent association between night-sleep duration trajectories from age 2 to 5-6 and behavior at age 5-6.Results: Five distinct sleep-duration trajectories were identified. At age 5-6 years, probability of hyperactivity-inattention problems was increased for boys belonging to the "short sleep" and "medium-low sleep" duration trajectory and girls belonging to the "changing sleep" duration trajectory as compared with children with the medium-high sleep duration trajectory (boys: OR 2.69 [95% CI 1.18-6.16], p = .03 and 1.95 [1.25-3.03], p = .003, and girls: OR 2.79 [1.09- 7.17], p = .03). No associations were observed with the other SDQ subscales.Conclusion: The persistence of short night-sleep durations in preschool years as well as a sudden decrease at age 3 are risk factors of hyperactivity-inattention problems at school start

Sleep and its relation to cognition and behaviour in preschool-aged children of the general population: a systematic review

International audienceBackground: While the relations between sleep, cognition and behavior have been extensively studied in adolescents and school-aged children, very little attention has been given to preschoolers. Objective: In this systematic review, our aim was to survey articles that address the link between sleep and both cognition and behavior in preschoolers (24 to 72 months old). Methods: Four electronic databases were searched, namely Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO and ERIC, completed by forward and backward citation search. Results: Among the 1590 articles identified (minus duplicates), 26 met the inclusion criteria. Globally, studies with the largest sample sizes (N=13) found that a greater quantity or quality of sleep was associated with better behavioral and cognitive outcomes, while the others were less consistent. Conclusion: Although the current literature seems to indicate that sleep is related to behavioral and cognitive development as early as preschool years, the strength of the associations (i.e. effect sizes) was relatively small. In addition to taking stock of the available data, this systematic review identifies potential sources of improvement for future research

Distinct oligomeric forms of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa RetS sensor domain modulate accessibility to the ligand binding site

International audienceBacterial two-component regulatory systems (TCSs) sense environmental stimuli to adapt the lifestyle of microbial populations. For many TCSs the stimulus is a ligand of unknown chemical nature. Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes the closely related RetS and LadS sensor kinases to switch between acute and chronic infections. These sensor proteins antagonistically mediate biofilm formation through communication with a central TCS, GacA/GacS. Recently, it was shown that RetS modulates the GacS sensor activity by forming RetS/GacS heterodimers. LadS and RetS are hybrid sensors with a signalling domain consisting of a 7-transmembrane (7TMR) region and a periplasmic sensor domain (diverse intracellular signalling module extracellular 2, DISMED2). The 2.65 Å resolution crystal structure of RetS DISMED2, called RetSp, reveals three distinct oligomeric states capable of domain swapping. The RetSp structure also displays two putative ligand binding sites. One is equivalent to the analogous site in the structurally-related carbohydrate binding module (CBM) but the second site is located at a dimer interface. These observations highlight the modular architecture and assembly of the RetSp fold and give clues on how homodimerization of RetS could be modulated upon ligand binding to control formation of a RetS/GacS heterodimer. Modelling the DISMED2 of LadS reveals conservation of only one ligand binding site, suggesting a distinct mechanism underlying the activity of this sensor kinase

Night sleep duration trajectories and associated factors among preschool children from the EDEN cohort

International audienceObjective. Sleep duration may vary inter-individually and intra-individually over time. We aimed at both identifying night-sleep duration (NSD) trajectories among preschoolers and studying associated factors. Methods. NSD were collected within the French birth-cohort study EDEN at ages 2, 3 and 5-6 years through parental questionnaires, and were used to model NSD trajectories among 1205 children. Familial socioeconomic factors, maternal sociodemographic, health and lifestyle characteristics as well as child health, lifestyle, and sleep characteristics at birth and/or at age 2 years were investigated in association with NSD using multinomial logistic regressions. Results. Five distinct NSD trajectories were identified: short (SS, <10h, 4.9%), medium-low (MLS, <11h, 47.8%), medium-high (MHS, ≈11h30, 37.2%), long (LS, ≥11h30, 4.5%) and changing (CS, i.e. ≥11h30 then <11h, 5.6%) NSD trajectories. Multivariable analyses showed in particular that, compared to the MHS trajectory, factors associated with increased risk for belonging to SS trajectory were male gender, first child, maternal age and working status, night-waking, parental presence when falling asleep, television-viewing duration and both the “Processed and fast foods’’ and the “Baby food” dietary patterns at age 2 years. Factors positively associated with the CS trajectory were maternal smoking, bottle-feeding at night and the “Processed and fast foods” dietary pattern at age 2 years whereas child’s activity and emotionality scores at age 1 year were negatively associated. Conclusion. We identified distinct NSD trajectories among preschoolers and associated early life factors. Some of them may reflect less healthy lifestyle, providing cues for early multi-behavioral prevention intervention

Sexual Addiction or Hypersexual Disorder: Different Terms for the Same Problem? A Review of The Literature

Sexual addiction, which is also known as hypersexual disorder, has largely been ignored by psychiatrists, even though the condition causes serious psychosocial problems for many people. A lack of empirical evidence on sexual addiction is the result of the disease's complete absence from versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, people who were categorized as having a compulsive, impulsive, addictive sexual disorder or a hypersexual disorder reported having obsessive thoughts and behaviors as well as sexual fantasies. Existing prevalence rates of sexual addiction-related disorders range from 3% to 6%. Sexual addiction/hypersexual disorder is used as an umbrella construct to encompass various types of problematic behaviors, including excessive masturbation, cybersex, pornography use, sexual behavior with consenting adults, telephone sex, strip club visitation, and other behaviors. The adverse consequences of sexual addiction are similar to the consequences of other addictive disorders. Addictive, somatic and psychiatric disorders coexist with sexual addiction. In recent years, research on sexual addiction has proliferated, and screening instruments have increasingly been developed to diagnose or quantify sexual addiction disorders. In our systematic review of the existing measures, 22 questionnaires were identified. As with other behavioral addictions, the appropriate treatment of sexual addiction should combine pharmacological and psychological approaches. Psychiatric and somatic comorbidities that frequently occur with sexual addiction should be integrated into the therapeutic process. Group-based treatments should also be attempted

Night-waking trajectories and associated factors in French preschoolers from the EDEN birth-cohort

International audienceNight waking in preschoolers has been associated with adverse health outcomes in cross-sectional studies, but has rarely been analyzed in a longitudinal setting. Therefore, little is known about the evolution of night waking in early childhood. The objectives of the present study were: to identify night-waking trajectories in preschoolers, and to examine the risk factors associated with those trajectories. Analyses were based on the French birth-cohort study EDEN, which recruited 2002 pregnant women between 2003 and 2006. Data on a child's night waking at the ages of two, three, and five, six years, and potential confounders, were collected through parental self-reported questionnaires. Night-waking trajectories were computerized using group-based trajectory modeling on 1346 children. Two distinct developmental patterns were identified: the "2-5 rare night-waking" (77% of the children) and the "2-5 common night-waking" pattern. Logistic regressions were performed to identify the factors associated with the trajectories. Risk factors for belonging to the "2-5 common night-waking" trajectory were: exposure to passive smoking at home, daycare in a collective setting, watching television for extended periods, bottle feeding at night, high emotionality, and low shyness. This approach allowed identification of risk factors associated with night waking during a critical age window, and laid the groundwork for identifying children at higher risk of deleterious sleep patterns. Those risk factors were mainly living habits, which indicated that prevention and intervention programs could be highly beneficial in this population