Changes in Nutritional Properties and Bioactive Compounds in Cereals During Extrusion Cooking

Maintaining and improving the nutritional quality of foods during processing are the main market and industry concerns. Thus, research should focus on novel and sustainable ways for selecting the appropriate processing method that either increases or does not affect the nutrient content of foods. Thermal processing techniques such as extrusion cooking are widely used for producing breakfast cereals, snack foods, pasta, pet food, etc. Extrusion cooking is a continuous process that uses a combination of high-temperature, high-pressure, and high shear conditions in a short period of time, which results in molecular transformation and chemical reactions within the extruded products. Extrusion cooking brings on many biochemical changes such as denaturation of proteins, gelatinization of starch, lipid modifications, inactivation of microorganisms and enzymes, formation of volatile flavor components, and increase in soluble dietary fiber. Furthermore, extrusion cooking has the potential to improve the nutritional quality of the products by improving starch and protein digestibility and increasing the retention of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties. Also, this highly efficient technology minimizes water pollution and energy consumption. This review aims to discuss the current information regarding changes in nutritional properties and bioactive compounds in cereals processed by extrusion cooking

The Public and the Cine in Spain. Issues of identity and brand

El cine español ha sufrido una serie de vicisitudes a lo largo de su historia que han marcado tanto su producción, como el desarrollo de una industria solvente y sólida, y la valoración que de la misma ha hecho el público de cada época. Las relaciones que se han establecido entre el ciudadano español en la oferta cinematográfica realizada no han sido las más adecuadas para que la convivencia fuera eficaz. Desde la profesión no se ha hecho el esfuerzo por transmitir una imagen eficaz que pudiera consolidar la marca necesaria para el reconocimiento de la industria. Todas las partes intervinientes en el desarrollo de esta industria han sobrevivido a las novedades sin plantearse seriamente cómo afrontar cada uno de los retos que se le fueron presentando. El resultado no es otro que, en el momento presente, han de involucrarse en recuperar el tiempo perdido si realmente quieren seguir manteniendo activo el negocio. Posibilidades, todavía las hay, pero es necesario el empeño manifiesto de las instituciones, profesionales y público español.Spanish cinema has suffered a series of troubles along its history. They have determined its production, along with the development of a solvent and solid industry. This trajectory has also had influence in the assessment of the audience. The relationships developed between the Spanish audience and the cinema offer haven’t favored their coexistence. From the profession, the effort to transmit an effective image hasn’t achieved to consolidate the necessary branding for the recognition of the industry. All the parts involved in the development of this industry have survived the novelties without seriously consider how to deal with each one of the new challenges. At present, the result is that all those parts involved must join to update the business to keep it active. There are possibilities yet, but a clear determination is needed from the institutions, professionals and the Spanish audience

Estudio de diagnóstico de la vista del horizonte para la protuberancia del tornillo dorsal después de la fijación de fracturas del radio distal

Objective: The pronator quadratus (PQ) has important functions such as pronation and robust blood supply of metaphysis. However, PQ repair is difficult when using conventional approach, which is necessary to release PQ for volar plate fixation of distal radius fracture. In addition, anatomical reduction is difficult in patients with distal radius metaphyseal comminution fracture. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the results of volar locking plate fixation using PQ sparing technique and conventional volar approach technique for patients with distal radius metaphyseal comminution fracture

Lifestyle Influence on the Content of Copper, Zinc and Rubidium in Wild Mushrooms

The concentration of 18 trace elements in several species of fungi (arranged in three groups: ectomycorrhizae, saprobes, and epiphytes) has been determined. The measurements were made using the methodology of X-ray fluorescence. Higher contents of Cu and Rb (with statistical support) have been found in the ectomycorrhizal species. The Zn content reached higher concentrations in the saprophytic species. According to the normality test and the search for outliers, the species Clitocybe maxima and Suillus bellini accumulate large amounts of Cu and Rb, respectively, so that both can be named as “outliers.” The leftwards displacement of the density curves and their nonnormality are attributed to the presence of these two species, which exhibit hyperaccumulation skills for Cu and Rb, respectively. Regarding Zn absorption, no particular species were classified as outlier; therefore it can be assumed that the observed differences between the different groups of fungi are due to differences in their nutritional physiology

The effects of morphological and syntactic knowledge on reading comprehension in Spanish speaking children

Reading comprehension is a complex task requiring many underlying skills. Syntactic awareness and morphological awareness are two such skills that have been shown to be related to reading comprehension. However, the majority of studies have been carried out in English, and very few have explored these skills in monolingual Spanish speaking children. Here we explored to what extent syntactic awareness and morphological awareness contributed to text comprehension in Spanish. 501 typically developing Spanish speaking 4th graders were assessed on non-verbal intelligence, word and nonword reading, oral vocabulary, morphological and syntactic knowledge, along with reading comprehension ability. After excluding children with poor decoding or low non-verbal intelligence, 234 children were retained for analysis. Multiple linear regression modelling was used to assess the unique contribution of each variable to reading comprehension. As per findings reported in English, syntactic knowledge was a significant predictor of comprehension after controlling for age, gender, non-verbal IQ, word reading and oral vocabulary, as well as morphological knowledge. In contrast, and contrary to results normally reported for English speaking children, morphological knowledge did not explain any variance in reading comprehension beyond that explained by the control variables. These results highlight the important contribution of syntactic knowledge to text comprehension in Spanish speaking children, as well as the importance of undertaking research in languages other than English.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad PSI2015-65656-

The influence of syntactic knowledge on reading comprehension varies as a function of oral vocabulary in Spanish-speaking children

Background: Reading comprehension is a complex process influenced by many factors. However, the abilities that are known to influence reading comprehension may not contribute equally for children with different levels of oral language. Aims: Here we examined the relationship of two factors known to influence reading comprehension (morphology and syntax) in a group of children who varied in their levels of oral vocabulary. Method: Two hundred seventy-three typically developing Spanish-speaking fourth graders were assessed on non-verbal intelligence, word and pseudoword reading, oral vocabulary, morphological awareness and syntax, along with reading comprehension ability. Standardised oral language scores within this group ranged from the first to the 99th percentile. Mediated multiple regression with moderation was used to assess (1) whether the influence of oral vocabulary on reading comprehension was mediated by decoding, morphology or syntax and (2) whether the effects of syntax on reading comprehension varied as a function of oral vocabulary levels. Results: There was a direct positive relationship between vocabulary and reading comprehension, and this was mediated by word reading and syntax, but not by pseudoword reading or morphology. Furthermore, the relation between syntax and reading comprehension was moderated by oral vocabulary such that the strength of this relationship diminished as oral vocabulary levels increased. Conclusions: These findings suggest that longitudinal research is necessary to explore the possibility that a syntax intervention might be beneficial for readers with low oral vocabulary.FEDER 2014-2020Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad US-126479

CNVs in the 22q11.2 chromosomal region should be an early suspect in infants with congenital cardiac disease

Q2Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital malformation, it is frequently found as an isolated defect, and the etiology is not completely understood. Although most of the cases have multifactorial causes, they can also be secondary to chromosomal abnormalities, monogenic diseases, microduplications or microdeletions, among others. Copy number variations (CNVs) at 22q11.2 are associated with a variety of symptoms including CHD, thymic aplasia, and developmental and behavioral manifestations. We tested CNVs in the 22q11.2 chromosomal region by MLPA in a cohort of Colombian patients with isolated CHD to establish the frequency of these CNVs in the cohort. Methods: CNVs analysis of 22q11.2 by MLPA were performed in 32 patients with apparently isolate CHD during the neonatal period. Participants were enrolled from different hospitals in Bogotá, and they underwent a clinical assessment by a cardiologist and a clinical geneticist. Results: CNVs in the 22q11.2 chromosomal region were found in 7 patients (21.9%). The typical deletion was found in 6 patients (18.75%) and atypical 1.5 Mb duplication was found in 1 patient (3.1%). Conclusions: CNVs in 22q11.2 is a common finding in patients presenting with isolated congenital cardiac disease, therefore these patients should be tested early despite the absence of other clinical manifestations. MLPA is a very useful molecular method and provides an accurate diagnosis.Revista Internacional - Indexad

Online Assessment of Human-Robot Interaction for Hybrid Control of Walking

Restoration of walking ability of Spinal Cord Injury subjects can be achieved by different approaches, as the use of robotic exoskeletons or electrical stimulation of the user’s muscles. The combined (hybrid) approach has the potential to provide a solution to the drawback of each approach. Specific challenges must be addressed with specific sensory systems and control strategies. In this paper we present a system and a procedure to estimate muscle fatigue from online physical interaction assessment to provide hybrid control of walking, regarding the performances of the muscles under stimulation