747 research outputs found
Evaluating indices of traditional ecological knowledge: a methodological contribution
BACKGROUND: New quantitative methods to collect and analyze data have produced novel findings in ethnobiology. A common application of quantitative methods in ethnobiology is to assess the traditional ecological knowledge of individuals. Few studies have addressed reliability of indices of traditional ecological knowledge constructed with different quantitative methods. METHODS: We assessed the associations among eight indices of traditional ecological knowledge from data collected from 650 native Amazonians. We computed Spearman correlations, Chronbach's alpha, and principal components factor analysis for the eight indices. RESULTS: We found that indices derived from different raw data were weakly correlated (rho<0.5), whereas indices derived from the same raw data were highly correlated (rho>0.5; p < 0.001). We also found a relatively high internal consistency across data from the eight indices (Chronbach's alpha = 0.78). Last, results from a principal components factor analysis of the eight indices suggest that the eight indices were positively related, although the association was low when considering only the first factor. CONCLUSION: A possible explanation for the relatively low correlation between indices derived from different raw data, but relatively high internal consistency of the eight indices is that the methods capture different aspects of an individual's traditional ecological knowledge. To develop a reliable measure of traditional ecological knowledge, researchers should collect raw data using a variety of methods and then generate an aggregated measure that contains data from the various components of traditional ecological knowledge. Failure to do this will hinder cross-cultural comparisons
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An empirical comparison of knowledge and skill in the context of traditional ecological knowledge
Background: We test whether traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about how to make an item predicts a person's skill at making it among the Tsimane' (Bolivia). The rationale for this research is that the failure to distinguish between knowledge and skill might account for some of the conflicting results about the relationships between TEK, human health, and economic development. Methods: We test the association between a commonly-used measure of individual knowledge (cultural consensus analysis) about how to make an arrow or a bag and a measure of individual skill at making these items, using ordinary least-squares regression. The study consists of 43 participants from 3 villages. Results: We find no association between our measures of knowledge and skill (core model, pâ>â0.5,âR2â=â.132). Conclusions: While we cannot rule out the possibility of a real association between these phenomena, we interpret our findings as support for the claim that researchers should distinguish between methods to measure knowledge and skill when studying trends in TEK
Nou mĂštode per avaluar la importĂ ncia social de les plantes
El valor econĂČmic d'una planta no tĂ© perquĂš ser el mateix que el seu valor cultural. Es mĂ©s, poden ser força diferents. Un grup d'investigadors ha establert un nou mĂštode que permet mesurar aquesta rellevĂ ncia des de tres vessants: cultural, prĂ ctica i econĂČmica i l'ha aplicat en un estudi realitzat a un grup indĂgena de l'AmazĂČnia boliviana.El valor econĂłmico de una planta no tiene porquĂ© ser el mismo que suvalor cultural. De hecho, pueden ser bastante diferentes. Un grupo deinvestigadores ha establecido un nuevo mĂ©todo que permite medir estarelevancia desde tres vertientes: cultural, prĂĄctica y econĂłmica y lo haaplicado en un estudio realizado entre un grupo indĂgena de laAmazonia boliviana
High overlap between traditional ecological knowledge and forest conservation found in the Bolivian Amazon
Unidad de excelencia MarĂa de Maeztu MdM-2015-0552Altres ajuts: FBBVA research grant (BIOCON_06_106-07)It has been suggested that traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) may play a key role in forest conservation. However, empirical studies assessing to what extent TEK is associated with forest conservation compared with other variables are rare. Furthermore, to our knowledge, the spatial overlap of TEK and forest conservation has not been evaluated at fine scales. In this paper, we address both issues through a case study with Tsimane' Amerindians in the Bolivian Amazon. We sampled 624 households across 59 villages to estimate TEK and used remote sensing data to assess forest conservation. We ran statistical and spatial analyses to evaluate whether TEK was associated and spatially overlapped with forest conservation at the village level. We find that Tsimane' TEK is significantly and positively associated with forest conservation although acculturation variables bear stronger and negative associations with forest conservation. We also find a very significant spatial overlap between levels of Tsimane' TEK and forest conservation. We discuss the potential reasons underpinning our results, which provide insights that may be useful for informing policies in the realms of development, conservation, and climate. We posit that the protection of indigenous cultural systems is vital and urgent to create more effective policies in such realms
Is there a divide between local medicinal knowledge and Western medicine? a case study among native Amazonians in Bolivia
Background: Interest in ethnomedicine has grown in the last decades, with much research focusing on how local medicinal knowledge can contribute to Western medicine. Researchers have emphasized the divide between practices used by local medical practitioners and Western doctors. However, researchers have also suggested that merging concepts and practices from local medicinal knowledge and Western science have the potential to improve public health and support medical independence of local people. In this article we study the relations between local and Western medicinal knowledge within a native Amazonian population, the Tsimane'. Methods: We used the following methods: 1) participant observation and semi-structured interviews to gather background information, 2) free-listing and pile-sorting to assess whether Tsimane' integrate local medicinal knowledge and Western medicine at the conceptual level, 3) surveys to assess to what extent Tsimane' combine local medicinal knowledge with Western medicine in actual treatments, and 4) a participatory workshop to assess the willingness of Tsimane' and Western medical specialists to cooperate with each other. Results: We found that when asked about medical treatments, Tsimane' do not include Western treatments in their lists, however on their daily practices, Tsimane' do use Western treatments in combination with ethnomedical treatments. We also found that Tsimane' healers and Western doctors express willingness to cooperate with each other and to promote synergy between local and Western medical systems. Conclusion: Our findings contrast with previous research emphasizing the divide between local medical practitioners and Western doctors and suggests that cooperation between both health systems might be possible
Childrenâs daily activities and knowledge acquisition: A case study among the Baka from southeastern Cameroon
The Perceived Benefits of Height: Strength, Dominance, Social Concern, and Knowledge among Bolivian Native Amazonians
Research in industrial countries suggests that, with no other knowledge about a person, positive traits are attributed to taller people and correspondingly, that taller people have slightly better socioeconomic status (SES). However, research in some non-industrialized contexts has shown no correlation or even negative correlations between height and socioeconomic outcomes. It remains unclear whether positive traits remain attributed to taller people in such contexts. To address this question, here we report the results of a study in a foraging-farming society of native Amazonians in Bolivia (Tsimaneâ)âa group in which we have previously shown little association between height and socioeconomic outcomes. We showed 24 photographs of pairs of Tsimaneâ women, men, boys, and girls to 40 women and 40 men >16 years of age. We presented four behavioral scenarios to each participant and asked them to point to the person in the photograph with greater strength, dominance, social concern, or knowledge. The pairs in the photographs were of the same sex and age, but one person was shorter. Tsimaneâ women and men attributed greater strength, dominance, and knowledge to taller girls and boys, but they did not attribute most positive traits to taller adults, except for strength, and more social concern only when women assessed other women in the photographs. These results raise a puzzle: why would Tsimaneâ attribute positive traits to tall children, but not tall adults? We propose three potential explanations: adultsâ expectations about the more market integrated society in which their children will grow up, height as a signal of good child health, and childrenâs greater variation in the traits assessed corresponding to maturational stages
Contextualising Learning through the Participatory Construction of an Environmental Education Programme
First Latin American clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: Latin American Group for the Study of Lupus (GLADEL, Grupo Latino Americano de Estudio del Lupus)-Pan-American League of Associations of Rheumatology (PANLAR)
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a complex and heterogeneous autoimmune disease, represents a significant challenge for both diagnosis and treatment. Patients with SLE in Latin America face special problems that should be considered when therapeutic guidelines are developed. The objective of the study is to develop clinical practice guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus. Two independent teams (rheumatologists with experience in lupus management and methodologists) had an initial meeting in Panama City, Panama, in April 2016. They selected a list of questions for the clinical problems most commonly seen in Latin American patients with SLE. These were addressed with the best available evidence and summarised in a standardised format following the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. All preliminary findings were discussed in a second face-to-face meeting in Washington, DC, in November 2016. As a result, nine organ/system sections are presented with the main findings; an 'overarching' treatment approach was added. Special emphasis was made on regional implementation issues. Best pharmacologic options were examined for musculoskeletal, mucocutaneous, kidney, cardiac, pulmonary, neuropsychiatric, haematological manifestations and the antiphospholipid syndrome. The roles of main therapeutic options (ie, glucocorticoids, antimalarials, immunosuppressant agents, therapeutic plasma exchange, belimumab, rituximab, abatacept, low-dose aspirin and anticoagulants) were summarised in each section. In all cases, benefits and harms, certainty of the evidence, values and preferences, feasibility, acceptability and equity issues were considered to produce a recommendation with special focus on ethnic and socioeconomic aspects. Guidelines for Latin American patients with lupus have been developed and could be used in similar settings.Fil: Pons Estel, Bernardo A.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y ReumĂĄticas; ArgentinaFil: Bonfa, Eloisa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Soriano, Enrique R.. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Cardiel, Mario H.. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn ClĂnica de Morelia; MĂ©xicoFil: Izcovich, Ariel. Hospital AlemĂĄn; ArgentinaFil: Popoff, Federico. Hospital Aleman; ArgentinaFil: Criniti, Juan M.. Hospital AlemĂĄn; ArgentinaFil: VĂĄsquez, Gloria. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Massardo, Loreto. Universidad San SebastiĂĄn; ChileFil: Duarte, Margarita. Hospital de ClĂnicas; ParaguayFil: Barile Fabris, Leonor A.. Hospital Angeles del Pedregal; MĂ©xicoFil: GarcĂa, Mercedes A.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Hospital de ClĂnicas General San MartĂn; ArgentinaFil: Amigo, Mary Carmen. Centro MĂ©dico Abc; MĂ©xicoFil: Espada, Graciela. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez"; ArgentinaFil: Catoggio, Luis J.. Hospital Italiano. Instituto Universitario. Escuela de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Sato, Emilia Inoue. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Levy, Roger A.. Universidade do Estado de Rio do Janeiro; BrasilFil: Acevedo VĂĄsquez, Eduardo M.. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; PerĂșFil: ChacĂłn DĂaz, Rosa. PoliclĂnica MĂ©ndez GimĂłn; VenezuelaFil: Galarza Maldonado, Claudio M.. CorporaciĂłn MĂ©dica Monte SinaĂ; EcuadorFil: Iglesias Gamarra, Antonio J.. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Molina, JosĂ© Fernando. Centro Integral de ReumatologĂa; ColombiaFil: Neira, Oscar. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Silva, ClĂłvis A.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vargas Peña, Andrea. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: GĂłmez Puerta, JosĂ© A.. Hospital Clinic Barcelona; EspañaFil: Scolnik, Marina. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Pons Estel, Guillermo J.. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y ReumĂĄticas; Argentina. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Ugolini Lopes, Michelle R.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Savio, VerĂłnica. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Drenkard, Cristina. University of Emory; Estados UnidosFil: Alvarellos, Alejandro J.. Hospital Privado Universitario de CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Ugarte Gil, Manuel F.. Universidad Cientifica del Sur; PerĂș. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerĂșFil: Babini, Alejandra. Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Rectorado.; ArgentinaFil: Cavalcanti, AndrĂ©. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Cardoso Linhares, Fernanda Athayde. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Haye Salinas, Maria Jezabel. Hospital Privado Universitario de CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Fuentes Silva, Yurilis J.. Universidad de Oriente - NĂșcleo BolĂvar; VenezuelaFil: Montandon De Oliveira E Silva, Ana Carolina. Universidade Federal de GoiĂĄs; BrasilFil: Eraso Garnica, Ruth M.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: Herrera Uribe, SebastiĂĄn. Hospital General de Medellin Luz Castro de GutiĂ©rrez; ColombiaFil: GĂłmez MartĂn, DIana. Instituto Nacional de la NutriciĂłn Salvador Zubiran; MĂ©xicoFil: Robaina Sevrini, Ricardo. Universidad de la RepĂșblica; UruguayFil: Quintana, Rosana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; Argentina. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y ReumĂĄticas; ArgentinaFil: Gordon, Sergio. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de ReumatologĂa y Enfermedades Autoinmunes SistĂ©micas; ArgentinaFil: Fragoso Loyo, Hilda. Instituto Nacional de la NutriciĂłn Salvador Zubiran; MĂ©xicoFil: Rosario, Violeta. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; RepĂșblica DominicanaFil: Saurit, VerĂłnica. Hospital Privado Universitario de CĂłrdoba; ArgentinaFil: Appenzeller, Simone. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Dos Reis Neto, Edgard Torres. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Cieza, Jorge. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerĂșFil: GonzĂĄlez Naranjo, Luis A.. Universidad de Antioquia; ColombiaFil: GonzĂĄlez Bello, Yelitza C.. Ceibac; MĂ©xicoFil: Collado, MarĂa Victoria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones MĂ©dicas; ArgentinaFil: Sarano, Judith. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones MĂ©dicas; ArgentinaFil: Retamozo, Maria Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud; ArgentinaFil: Sattler, MarĂa E.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva PerĂłn"; ArgentinaFil: Gamboa CĂĄrdenas, Rocio V.. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen; PerĂșFil: Cairoli, Ernesto. Universidad de la RepĂșblica; UruguayFil: Conti, Silvana M.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Amezcua Guerra, Luis M.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; MĂ©xicoFil: Silveira, Luis H.. Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez; MĂ©xicoFil: Borba, Eduardo F.. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Pera, Mariana A.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San MartĂn; ArgentinaFil: Alba Moreyra, Paula B.. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Medicina; ArgentinaFil: Arturi, Valeria. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos General San MartĂn; ArgentinaFil: Berbotto, Guillermo A.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos "Eva PerĂłn"; ArgentinaFil: Gerling, Cristian. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de ReumatologĂa y Enfermedades Autoinmunes SistĂ©micas; ArgentinaFil: Gobbi, Carla Andrea. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Medicina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Gervasoni, Viviana L.. Hospital Provincial de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Scherbarth, Hugo R.. Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos Dr Oscar Alende. Unidad de ReumatologĂa y Enfermedades Autoinmunes SistĂ©micas; ArgentinaFil: Brenol, JoĂŁo C. Tavares. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Cavalcanti, Fernando. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Costallat, Lilian T. Lavras. Universidade Estadual de Campinas; BrasilFil: Da Silva, Nilzio A.. Universidade Federal de GoiĂĄs; BrasilFil: Monticielo, Odirlei A.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Seguro, Luciana Parente Costa. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Xavier, Ricardo M.. Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre; BrasilFil: Llanos, Carolina. Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile; ChileFil: MontĂșfar Guardado, RubĂ©n A.. Instituto Salvadoreño de la Seguridad Social; El SalvadorFil: Garcia De La Torre, Ignacio. Hospital General de Occidente; MĂ©xicoFil: Pineda, Carlos. Instituto Nacional de RehabilitaciĂłn; MĂ©xicoFil: Portela HernĂĄndez, Margarita. Umae Hospital de Especialidades Centro Medico Nacional Siglo Xxi; MĂ©xicoFil: Danza, Alvaro. Hospital Pasteur Montevideo; UruguayFil: Guibert Toledano, Marlene. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Reyes, Gil Llerena. Medical-surgical Research Center; CubaFil: Acosta Colman, Maria Isabel. Hospital de ClĂnicas; ParaguayFil: Aquino, Alicia M.. Hospital de ClĂnicas; ParaguayFil: Mora Trujillo, Claudia S.. Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins; PerĂșFil: Muñoz Louis, Roberto. Hospital Docente Padre Billini; RepĂșblica DominicanaFil: GarcĂa Valladares, Ignacio. Centro de Estudios de InvestigaciĂłn BĂĄsica y ClĂnica; MĂ©xicoFil: Orozco, MarĂa Celeste. Instituto de RehabilitaciĂłn PsicofĂsica; ArgentinaFil: Burgos, Paula I.. Pontificia Universidad CatĂłlica de Chile; ChileFil: Betancur, Graciela V.. Instituto de RehabilitaciĂłn PsicofĂsica; ArgentinaFil: AlarcĂłn, Graciela S.. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia; PerĂș. University of Alabama at Birmingahm; Estados Unido
REQUITE: A prospective multicentre cohort study of patients undergoing radiotherapy for breast, lung or prostate cancer
Purpose: REQUITE aimed to establish a resource for multi-national validation of models and biomarkers that predict risk of late toxicity following radiotherapy. The purpose of this article is to provide summary descriptive data.
Methods: An international, prospective cohort study recruited cancer patients in 26 hospitals in eight countries between April 2014 and March 2017. Target recruitment was 5300 patients. Eligible patients had breast, prostate or lung cancer and planned potentially curable radiotherapy. Radiotherapy was prescribed according to local regimens, but centres used standardised data collection forms. Pre-treatment blood samples were collected. Patients were followed for a minimum of 12 (lung) or 24 (breast/prostate) months and summary descriptive statistics were generated.
Results: The study recruited 2069 breast (99% of target), 1808 prostate (86%) and 561 lung (51%) cancer patients. The centralised, accessible database includes: physician-(47,025 forms) and patient-(54,901) reported outcomes; 11,563 breast photos; 17,107 DICOMs and 12,684 DVHs. Imputed genotype data are available for 4223 patients with European ancestry (1948 breast, 1728 prostate, 547 lung). Radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) assay data are available for 1319 patients. DNA (n = 4409) and PAXgene tubes (n = 3039) are stored in the centralised biobank. Example prevalences of 2-year (1-year for lung) grade >= 2 CTCAE toxicities are 13% atrophy (breast), 3% rectal bleeding (prostate) and 27% dyspnoea (lung).
Conclusion: The comprehensive centralised database and linked biobank is a valuable resource for the radiotherapy community for validating predictive models and biomarkers.
Patient summary: Up to half of cancer patients undergo radiation therapy and irradiation of surrounding healthy tissue is unavoidable. Damage to healthy tissue can affect short-and long-term quality-of-life. Not all patients are equally sensitive to radiation "damage" but it is not possible at the moment to identify those who are. REQUITE was established with the aim of trying to understand more about how we could predict radiation sensitivity. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and summary of the data and material available.
In the REQUITE study 4400 breast, prostate and lung cancer patients filled out questionnaires and donated blood. A large amount of data was collected in the same way. With all these data and samples a database and biobank were created that showed it is possible to collect this kind of information in a standardised way across countries.
In the future, our database and linked biobank will be a resource for research and validation of clinical predictors and models of radiation sensitivity. REQUITE will also enable a better understanding of how many people suffer with radiotherapy toxicity
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