Prácticas democráticas en la gestión del desarrollo comunitario en el municipio de Santa Rosa de Lima departamento de la Unión, 2018

RESUMEN:La presente investigación se enmarca dentro del paradigma socio – crítico. La investigación se define como cuantitativa – cualitativa. En el enfoque cuantitativo, la unidad de análisis fueron los habitantes, tanto del casco urbano como del área rural de la Ciudad de Santa Rosa de Lima. La técnica a usada fue la encuesta y el instrumento fue el cuestionario de preguntas, usando preguntas cerradas y de opción múltiple y escalas tipo Likert. En el paradigma cualitativo, se hizo uso del muestreo por conveniencia y se seleccionó 12 líderes comunitarios. Se usó como técnica la encuesta y el instrumento fue la entrevista semi estructurada. Los resultados indican que si existe diferencias entre las prácticas democráticas y la gestión del desarrollo comunitario a partir de la zona de procedencia (Urbano o Rural) y a partir del género de las personas entrevistadas (Hombre o Mujer). Así mismo, las buenas prácticas democráticas facilitan la gestión del desarrollo comunitario ya que existe correlación positiva fuerte que al ser medida por la prueba estadística de Pearson arroja un valor de 0.73. La percepción de las personas consideradas en la investigación denota cierto escepticismo a la hora de participar en actividades de desarrollo comunitario. El índice general de prácticas democráticas cae en la escala de regular, que refleja una situación en que las prácticas democráticas de las personas están condicionadas a superar errores pasados y no hay confianza con los gobiernos locales y se esperan resultados en el muy corto plazo. El índice de gestión del desarrollo comunitario refleja una situación en que la gestión se considera importante pero la confianza sobre los actores importantes no es fácil de delegar. Se hace evidente la dificultad que las personas de género femenino tienen para participar en procesos de desarrollo comunitario por el hecho de ser responsables del manejo del hogar y cuidado de los hijos. ABSTRACT: This research is framed within the socio-critical paradigm. The research is defined as quantitative-qualitative. In the quantitative approach, the unit of analysis were the inhabitants, both in the urban area and in the rural area of the City of Santa Rosa de Lima. The technique used was the survey and the instrument was the questionnaire of questions, using closed and multiple choice questions and type scales Likert. In the qualitative paradigm, convenience sampling was used and selected 12 community leaders. The survey was used as a technique and the instrument was semi-structured interview. The results indicate that if there are differences between the democratic practices and the management of community development from the area of origin (Urban or Rural) and based on the gender of the people interviewed (Male or woman). Likewise, good democratic practices facilitate the management of development community since there is a strong positive correlation that when measured by the test Pearson's statistic yields a value of 0.73. The perception of the people considered in the investigation denotes a certain skepticism when it comes to participating in activities of community development. The general index of democratic practices falls on the scale of regular, which reflects a situation in which the democratic practices of the people are conditioned to overcome past mistakes and there is no trust with local governments and Results are expected in the very short term. The Development Management Index community reflects a situation in which management is considered important but confidence in important actors is not easy to delegate. It becomes evident the difficulty that people of the female gender have to participate in processes of community development for the fact of being responsible for the management of the home and care of the childre

Molecular epidemiology of Giardia, Blastocystis and Cryptosporidium among Indigenous children from the Colombian Amazon basin

The incidence and prevalence of intestinal parasites in children is most likely due to lack of natural or acquired resistance and differences in behavior and habits closely related to environmental and socioeconomic determinants. The most important protozoa that parasitize humans are Giardia, Entamoeba, Blastocystis, and Cryptosporidium. These parasites present wide intraspecific genetic diversity and subsequently classified into assemblages and subtypes. The Amazon basin is the largest in the world and is the fifth freshwater reserve on the planet. Contradictorily, people living in these areas (Indigenous populations) have poor quality of life, which favors the infection of diseases of fecal-oral transmission. The aim of this work was to unravel the molecular epidemiology of Giardia, Blastocystis and Cryptosporidium across four communities (Puerto Nariño, San Juan del Soco, Villa Andrea and Nuevo Paraíso). We obtained 284 fecal samples from children under 15 years old that were analyzed by direct microscopy (261 samples) and Real Time PCR (qPCR) (284 samples). The positive samples for these protozoa were further characterized by several molecular markers to depict assemblages and subtypes. We observed a frequency of Giardia infection by microscopy of 23.7% (62 samples) and by qPCR of 64.8% (184 samples); for Blastocystis by microscopy of 35.2% (92 samples) and by qPCR of 88.7% (252 samples) and for Cryptosporidium only 1.9% (5 samples) were positive by microscopy and qPCR 1.8% (5 samples). Regarding the Giardia assemblages, using the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) marker we observed AI, BIII and BIV assemblages and when using triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) we observed assemblages AI, AII, BIII and BIV. In contrast, Blastocystis STs detected were 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Lastly, the species C. viatorum, C. hominis (with the subtypes IdA19 and IaA12R8) and C. parvum (with the subtype IIcA5G3c) were identified. We observed a high profile of zoonotic transmission regarding the Giardia assemblages and Blastocystis STs/alleles. Also, we highlight the elevated frequency of infection by these two protozoans suggesting an active transmission in the area. Our findings reinforces the need to deploy better epidemiological surveillance systems for enteric pathogens in the area. © 2017 Sánchez, Munoz, Gómez, Tabares, Segura, Salazar, Restrepo, Ruíz, Reyes, Qian, Xiao, López and Ramírez

Neuroaxial anesthesia caused paraplegia: a case report

Patients who undergo; anesthesia, neuraxial analgesia, or some type of neuraxial blockage are exposed to multiple complications. 33-year-old male patient, suffers a femur fracture with a long oblique trace causing pain and functional limitation for movements. Surgical resolution is determined using neuraxial block at L2-L3 level, and intravenous sedation. During his postoperative follow-up, a decrease in strength was confirmed in the lower limbs with 0/5 on the Daniels scale, 100% sensitivity without sphincter control, steroids were prescribed along with magnetic resonance imaging and a neurosurgical evaluation was requested. The MRI shows bulging of the fibrous annulus that obliterates the epidural fat and makes contact with the thecal sac in the L5-S1 intervertebral disc level. The neurosurgery service prescribes rehabilitation sessions at home, electrostimulation and neuropathic medications. Patient was discharged with rehabilitation sessions at home and medical treatment. In his last consultation, an evaluation from the psychiatry department was requested for ideas of disability, hopelessness, fantasies of death without a suicide plan related to limitations and loss of functionality. Patient does not return to external follow-up, cannot be located

Chronic venous insufficiency: a review

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) comprises a complete spectrum of morphological and functional abnormalities of the venous system1 including any long-term functional and morphological alteration. CVI accounts for several abnormalities of the venous system. It is a highly prevalent disease that causes serious economic consequences, a decrease in the quality of life and can lead to serious complications. An exhaustive review was performed with the available literature, using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Cochrane databases from 2004 to 2021. The search criteria were formulated to identify reports related to chronic venous insufficiency. The pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency begins with chronic venous hypertension and the dilation of the vessel, this leads to a series of pathological changes in the venous wall and surrounding tissues, in advanced stages of CVI, skin lesions are associated with an increased proliferation of skin capillaries and microcirculatory abnormalities that may be the result of an altered level of factors responsible for the angiogenic response, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and angiostatin. In this review, updates on pathophysiology, clinic, diagnosis, classification and treatment of this disease are analyzed, with special emphasis on therapeutic options. Chronic venous insufficiency is a disease that affects the patient at several levels, mainly diminishing his/her quality of life. Currently there are various treatments ranging from habit modifications, pharmacological, to endovenous and surgical treatment.

Algunas evidencias de aplicación

Libro temático especializadoLa sustentabilidad también debe aplicarse al sistema de producción, buscando impulsar transformaciones graduales de los estilos y modelos productivos tradicionales a unas de mayor eficiencia. Y donde se incorpore la dimensión ambiental y geográfico-espacial, para crear estructuras productivas más progresivas y equitativas en las sociedades. Todo esto, como alternativa para revertir las tendencias de escasez y agotamiento de los recursos naturales, así como de los desequilibrios globales, cuyos costos permean todos los tejidos humanos. De esta manera, la “sustentabilidad productiva” se concibe como la generación de bienes y servicios con ciertos estándares de calidad, bajo un esquema de eficiencia, rendimiento y de organización inclusiva e integrada, con baja presión al ambiente y uso racional de los recursos, garantizando la estadía y permanencia de los insumos y materiales en el tiempo. Desde esta perspectiva, la producción sustentable y el crecimiento de largo plazo pueden ser explicados por la capacidad que tienen las economías para generar e incorporar conocimientos y tecnologías. De ahí que, la educación y las cualificaciones del capital humano, los cambios en la organización de la producción y la calidad institucional, sean elementos nodales para avanzar en la consolidación de este ambiente productivo

Now, the part of intuition. Research, Art and Creation, 2018

Catálogo de Exposición del Máster en Investigación en Arte y Creación de la UCM. Muestra celebrada del 25 de septiembre al 10 de octubre de 2018 en la Sala de Exposiciones de la Facultad de Bellas Artes. C / Pintor el Greco 2, Ciudad Universitaria. 28040 Madrid. Comisariado de Javier Mañero Rodicio.Exhibition catalog of the Master in Art and Creation Research of the UCM. September 25 to October 10, 2018 in the Exhibition Hall of the Faculty of Fine Arts. C / Pintor El Greco 2, University City. 28040 Madrid. Curated by Javier Mañero Rodicio.Fac. de Bellas ArtesFALSEFacultad de Bellas Artes. Universidad Complutense de Madrid.pu