Variabilidad genética de aislamientos de Salmonella typhimurium (grupo B) obtenidos de hígados de pollo destinados para consumo humano

Frequency of Salmonella spp in chicken livers for sale, in four markets of the metropolitan area of Toluca, Mexico, was determined. The bacteriological isolation was carried out according to the Norma Oficial Mexicana-114-SSA1-1994 for Salmonella assessment in food. The ERIC-PCR test was carried out to determine genetic diversity of isolated Salmonella strains. Out of 520 samples included in the study, seven (1.34 %) were positive to Salmonella serotype B (typhimurium). Four profiles were observed in ERIC-PCR, finding similarity among strains from different markets, which may indicate that management of carcasses and viscera is of great importance, also that presence of chicken liver for human consumption must be considered as an important source of infection, since any serotype of this bacterium represents a potential infection for humans.Se determinó la frecuencia de aislamientos de Salmonella spp en hígados de pollo para venta, en cuatro mercados del área metropolitana de la ciudad de Toluca, México. El aislamiento bacteriológico se realizó de acuerdo a la norma NOM-114-SSA1-1994 para la determinación de Salmonella en alimentos. Se realizó la prueba de ERIC-PCR para determinar la variedad genética de las cepas de Salmonella aisladas. De un total de 520 muestras incluidas en el estudio, 7 (1.34 %) resultaron positivas a Salmonella serogrupo B (typhimurim). En el ERIC-PCR se observaron cuatro perfiles, encontrando similitud entre cepas de diferentes mercados, lo cual podría indicar que el manejo que se les da a las canales y vísceras es de suma importancia, además que la presencia en hígados de pollo para consumo humano debe ser considerado como una fuente importante de infección, ya que cualquier serovariedad de esta bacteria representa un potencial de infección para el humano

Genetic characterization of Escherichia coli isolated from cattle carcasses and feces in Mexico State

Meat of bovine origin is one of the major vehicles in the transmission of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) to human consumers. This pathogen can produce serious human illness, including bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. The aim of the current study was to characterize E. coli isolates (mainly VTEC strains) belonging to several serotypes in samples from cattle carcasses and feces of three municipal slaughter plants from Mexico State. The genetic diversity and molecular relatedness among the isolates was evaluated with multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). To our knowledge, and with the exception of E. coli O157:H7, this is the first time that serotypes analyzed here have been subtyped by MLVA in Mexico. MLVA typing grouped the 37 strains from this study into 30 distinct genotypes, 26 of which were unique. These findings indicate that cattle carcasses and feces from slaughter plants in Mexico are a source of VTEC that are genetically diverse in terms of serotypes and virulence profiles. The presence of these pathogens in carcasses indicates the high probability of the spread of VTEC strains during slaughter and processing.Fil: Reyes Rodríguez, Nydia E.. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Soriano Vargas, Edgardo. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Barba León, Jeannette. Universidad de Guadalajara; MéxicoFil: Navarro, Armando. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Talavera Rojas, Martín. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; MéxicoFil: Sanso, Andrea Mariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Bustamante, Ana Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentin

Variabilidad genética de aislamientos de Salmonella typhimurium (grupo B) obtenidos de hígados de pollo destinados para consumo humano

Se determinó la frecuencia de aislamientos de Salmonella spp en hígados de pollo para venta, en cuatro mercados del área metropolitana de la ciudad de Toluca, México. El aislamiento bacteriológico se realizó de acuerdo a la norma NOM-114-SSA1- 1994 para la determinación de Salmonella en alimentos. Se realizó la prueba de ERIC-PCR para determinar la variedad genética de las cepas de Salmonella aisladas. De un total de 520 muestras incluidas en el estudio, 7 (1.34 %) resultaron positivas a Salmonella serogrupo B (typhimurim). En el ERIC-PCR se observaron cuatro perfiles, encontrando similitud entre cepas de diferentes mercados, lo cual podría indicar que el manejo que se les da a las canales y vísceras es de suma importancia, además que la presencia en hígados de pollo para consumo humano debe ser considerado como una fuente importante de infección, ya que cualquier serovariedad de esta bacteria representa un potencial de infección para el humano

Genera and Species of the Anisakidae Family and Their Geographical Distribution

Nematodes of the Anisakidae family have the ability to infest a wide variety of aquatic hosts during the development of their larval stages, mainly marine mammals, aquatic birds, such as pelicans, and freshwater fish, such crucian carp, these being the hosts where the life cycle is completed. The participation of intermediate hosts such as cephalopods, shrimp, crustaceans and marine fish, is an important part of this cycle. Due to morphological changes and updates to the genetic information of the different members of the family, the purpose of this review was to carry out a bibliographic search of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family identified by molecular tests, as well as the geographical area in which they were collected. The Anisakidae family is made up of eight different parasitic genera and 46 different species. Those of clinical importance to human health are highlighted: Anisakis pegreffi, A. simplexsensu stricto, Contracaecumosculatum, Pseudoterranova azarazi, P. cattani, P. decipiens and P. krabbei. The geographical distribution of these genera and species is located mainly in the European continent, Asia and South America, as well as in North and Central America and Australia. Based on the information collected from the Anisakidae family, it was determined that the geographical distribution is affected by different environmental factors, the host and the ability of the parasite itself to adapt. Its ability to adapt to the human organism has led to it being considered as a zoonotic agent. The disease in humans manifests nonspecifically, however the consumption of raw or semi-raw seafood is crucial information to link the presentation of the parasite with the disease. The use of morphological and molecular tests is of utmost importance for the correct diagnosis of the genus and species of the Anisakidae family