Long-Term Fructose Intake Increases Adipogenic Potential: Evidence of Direct Effects of Fructose on Adipocyte Precursor Cells

We have previously addressed that fructose rich diet (FRD) intake for three weeks increases the adipogenic potential of stromal vascular fraction cells from the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT). We have now evaluated the effect of prolonged FRD intake (eight weeks) on metabolic parameters, number of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) and in vitro adipogenic potential from control (CTR) and FRD adult male rats. Additionally, we have examined the direct fructose effects on the adipogenic capacity of normal APCs. FRD fed rats had increased plasma levels of insulin, triglyceride and leptin, and RPAT mass and adipocyte size. FACS studies showed higher APCs number and adipogenic potential in FRD RPAT pads; data is supported by high mRNA levels of competency markers: PPARγ2 and Zfp423. Complementary in vitro experiments indicate that fructose-exposed normal APCs displayed an overall increased adipogenic capacity. We conclude that the RPAT mass expansion observed in eight week-FRD fed rats depends on combined accelerated adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy, partially due to a direct effect of fructose on APCs.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Deleterious Metabolic Effects of High Fructose Intake: The Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus kefiri Administration

Modern lifestyle and diets have been associated with metabolic disorders and an imbalance in the normal gut microbiota. Probiotics are widely known for their health beneficial properties targeting the gut microbial ecosystem. The aim of our study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Lactobacillus kefiri (L. kefiri) administration in a fructose-rich diet (FRD) mice model. Mice were provided with tap water or fructose-added (20% w/v) drinking water supplemented or not with L. kefiri. Results showed that probiotic administration prevented weight gain and epidydimal adipose tissue (EAT) expansion, with partial reversion of the adipocyte hypertrophy developed by FRD. Moreover, the probiotic prevented the increase of plasma triglycerides and leptin, together with the liver triglyceride content. Leptin adipocyte secretion was also improved by L. kefiri, being able to respond to an insulin stimulus. Glucose intolerance was partially prevented by L. kefiri treatment (GTT) and local inflammation (TNFα; IL1β; IL6 and INFγ) was completely inhibited in EAT. L. kefiri supplementation generated an impact on gut microbiota composition, changing Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes profiles. Overall, our results indicate that the administration of probiotics prevents the deleterious effects of FRD intake and should therefore be promoted to improve metabolic disorders.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

Intervención en diferentes instancias de la secuencia didáctica a través de experiencias de laboratorio como herramientas para la comprensión

Se intervino en 3 instancias de la secuencia didáctica con experiencias de laboratorio en distintos cursos con el propósito de mejorar la comprensión del “concepto de densidad”, el cual resulta de difícil comprensión por parte de los estudiantes de 2º año de química. Se analizaron los distintos grados de comprensión que estimularon los trabajos prácticos introducidos en distintos momentos del aprendizaje. La ponderación de los niveles de desempeño alcanzados por los distintos cursos fue realizada a través de una actividad de integración. La intervención del trabajo práctico como herramienta para la comprensión al final de la secuencia didáctica mostró mejores resultados con respecto al objetivo planteado.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Intervención en diferentes instancias de la secuencia didáctica a través de experiencias de laboratorio como herramientas para la comprensión

Se intervino en 3 instancias de la secuencia didáctica con experiencias de laboratorio en distintos cursos con el propósito de mejorar la comprensión del “concepto de densidad”, el cual resulta de difícil comprensión por parte de los estudiantes de 2º año de química. Se analizaron los distintos grados de comprensión que estimularon los trabajos prácticos introducidos en distintos momentos del aprendizaje. La ponderación de los niveles de desempeño alcanzados por los distintos cursos fue realizada a través de una actividad de integración. La intervención del trabajo práctico como herramienta para la comprensión al final de la secuencia didáctica mostró mejores resultados con respecto al objetivo planteado.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Intervención en diferentes instancias de la secuencia didáctica a través de experiencias de laboratorio como herramientas para la comprensión

Se intervino en 3 instancias de la secuencia didáctica con experiencias de laboratorio en distintos cursos con el propósito de mejorar la comprensión del “concepto de densidad”, el cual resulta de difícil comprensión por parte de los estudiantes de 2º año de química. Se analizaron los distintos grados de comprensión que estimularon los trabajos prácticos introducidos en distintos momentos del aprendizaje. La ponderación de los niveles de desempeño alcanzados por los distintos cursos fue realizada a través de una actividad de integración. La intervención del trabajo práctico como herramienta para la comprensión al final de la secuencia didáctica mostró mejores resultados con respecto al objetivo planteado.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

M1 macrophage subtypes activation and adipocyte dysfunction worsen during prolonged consumption of a fructose-rich diet

Fructose-rich diet (FRD) has been associated with obesity development, which is characterized by adipocytes hypertrophy and chronic low-grade inflammation. Interaction of adipocytes and immune cells plays a key role in adipose tissue (AT) alterations in obesity. We assessed the metabolic and immune impairments in AT in a murine obesity model induced by FRD at different periods. Adult Swiss mice were divided into groups of 6 and 10 weeks of fructose (FRD 6wk, FRD 10wk) or water intake (CTR 6wk, CTR 10wk). FRD induced increased in body weight, epidydimal AT mass, and plasmatic and liver Tg, and impaired insulin sensitivity. Also, hypertrophic adipocytes from FRD 6wk-10wk mice showed higher IL-6 when stimulated with LPS and leptin secretion. Several of these alterations worsened in FRD 10wk. Regarding AT inflammation, FRD mice have increased TNFα, IL-6 and IL1β, and decrease in IL-10 and CD206 mRNA levels. Using CD11b, LY6C, CD11c and CD206 as macrophages markers, we identified for first time in AT M1 (M1a: Ly6C+/−CD11c+CD206− and M1b: Ly6C+/−CD11c+CD206+) and M2 subtypes (Ly6C+/−CD11c−CD206+). M1a phenotype increased from 6 weeks onward, while Ly6C+/− M1b phenotype increased only after 10 weeks. Finally, co-culture of RAW264.7 (monocytes cell line) and CTR or FRD adipocytes showed that FRD 10wk adipocytes increased IL-6 expression in non- or LPS-stimulated monocytes. Our results showed that AT dysfunction got worse as the period of fructose consumption was longer. Inflammatory macrophage subtypes increased depending on the period of FRD intake, and hypertrophic adipocytes were able to create an environment that favored M1 phenotype in vitro.Fil: Gambaro, Sabrina Eliana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Zubiría, María Guillermina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Portales, Andrea Estefanía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Rey, Maria Amanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; ArgentinaFil: Rumbo, Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos; ArgentinaFil: Giovambattista, Andres. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Celular; Argentin

Long-Term Fructose Intake Increases Adipogenic Potential: Evidence of Direct Effects of Fructose on Adipocyte Precursor Cells

We have previously addressed that fructose rich diet (FRD) intake for three weeks increases the adipogenic potential of stromal vascular fraction cells from the retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RPAT). We have now evaluated the effect of prolonged FRD intake (eight weeks) on metabolic parameters, number of adipocyte precursor cells (APCs) and in vitro adipogenic potential from control (CTR) and FRD adult male rats. Additionally, we have examined the direct fructose effects on the adipogenic capacity of normal APCs. FRD fed rats had increased plasma levels of insulin, triglyceride and leptin, and RPAT mass and adipocyte size. FACS studies showed higher APCs number and adipogenic potential in FRD RPAT pads; data is supported by high mRNA levels of competency markers: PPARγ2 and Zfp423. Complementary in vitro experiments indicate that fructose-exposed normal APCs displayed an overall increased adipogenic capacity. We conclude that the RPAT mass expansion observed in eight week-FRD fed rats depends on combined accelerated adipogenesis and adipocyte hypertrophy, partially due to a direct effect of fructose on APCs.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Hypogammaglobulinaemia secondary to cow-milk allergy in children under 2 years of age

Symptomatic hypogammaglobulinaemia in children younger than 2 years of age was studied to rule out a primary immunodeficiency. Thirty-four patients were referred to the Immunology Service to study the hypogammaglobulinaemia- associated clinical picture. Food allergy was documented in 10 patients by personal and familial history, presence of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and elevated total serum IgE levels. Coeliac disease and human immunodeficiency virus infection were also ruled out. Protein loss through stools was assessed by clearance of α1-antitrypsin (AAT). Serum immunoglobulin levels were determined by nephelometry and functional antibodies were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The cellular immune response was assessed by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens and cell subsets were analysed by flow cytometry. In five patients of the 10 patients we suspected a protein loss through the mucosa. Four of these five patients showed an increased AAT and the other showed an extensive cutaneous lesion. Immunological studies revealed normal antibody function, in vitro lymphoproliferative responses and cell numbers in four of the 5 patients. One patient showed abnormally low numbers of CD4+ T cells as well as a defective proliferative response to mitogens. After diagnosis of cow milk allergy, milk was replaced with infant milk formula containing hydrolysed proteins. Recovery of immunoglobulin values and clinical resolution were achieved. Hypogammaglobulinaemia during early childhood in some children may be secondary to cow milk allergy, and immunoglobulins and cells may leak through the inflamed mucosa. Resolution of symptoms as well as normalization of immunoglobulin values may be easily achieved by avoidance of the offending allergen.Laboratorio de Investigaciones del Sistema Inmun

Deleterious Metabolic Effects of High Fructose Intake: The Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus kefiri Administration

Modern lifestyle and diets have been associated with metabolic disorders and an imbalance in the normal gut microbiota. Probiotics are widely known for their health beneficial properties targeting the gut microbial ecosystem. The aim of our study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Lactobacillus kefiri (L. kefiri) administration in a fructose-rich diet (FRD) mice model. Mice were provided with tap water or fructose-added (20% w/v) drinking water supplemented or not with L. kefiri. Results showed that probiotic administration prevented weight gain and epidydimal adipose tissue (EAT) expansion, with partial reversion of the adipocyte hypertrophy developed by FRD. Moreover, the probiotic prevented the increase of plasma triglycerides and leptin, together with the liver triglyceride content. Leptin adipocyte secretion was also improved by L. kefiri, being able to respond to an insulin stimulus. Glucose intolerance was partially prevented by L. kefiri treatment (GTT) and local inflammation (TNFα; IL1β; IL6 and INFγ) was completely inhibited in EAT. L. kefiri supplementation generated an impact on gut microbiota composition, changing Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes profiles. Overall, our results indicate that the administration of probiotics prevents the deleterious effects of FRD intake and should therefore be promoted to improve metabolic disorders.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta

M1 macrophage subtypes activation and adipocyte dysfunction worsen during prolonged consumption of a fructose-rich diet

Fructose-rich diet (FRD) has been associated with obesity development, which is characterized by adipocytes hypertrophy and chronic low-grade inflammation. Interaction of adipocytes and immune cells plays a key role in adipose tissue (AT) alterations in obesity. We assessed the metabolic and immune impairments in AT in a murine obesity model induced by FRD at different periods. Adult Swiss mice were divided into groups of 6 and 10 weeks of fructose (FRD 6wk, FRD 10wk) or water intake (CTR 6wk, CTR 10wk). FRD induced increased in body weight, epidydimal AT mass, and plasmatic and liver Tg, and impaired insulin sensitivity. Also, hypertrophic adipocytes from FRD 6wk-10wk mice showed higher IL-6 when stimulated with LPS and leptin secretion. Several of these alterations worsened in FRD 10wk. Regarding AT inflammation, FRD mice have increased TNFα, IL-6 and IL1β, and decrease in IL-10 and CD206 mRNA levels. Using CD11b, LY6C, CD11c and CD206 as macrophages markers, we identified for first time in AT M1 (M1a: Ly6C+/−CD11c+CD206− and M1b: Ly6C+/−CD11c+CD206+) and M2 subtypes (Ly6C+/−CD11c−CD206+). M1a phenotype increased from 6 weeks onward, while Ly6C+/− M1b phenotype increased only after 10 weeks. Finally, co-culture of RAW264.7 (monocytes cell line) and CTR or FRD adipocytes showed that FRD 10wk adipocytes increased IL-6 expression in non- or LPS-stimulated monocytes. Our results showed that AT dysfunction got worse as the period of fructose consumption was longer. Inflammatory macrophage subtypes increased depending on the period of FRD intake, and hypertrophic adipocytes were able to create an environment that favored M1 phenotype in vitro.Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología CelularInstituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológico