Network of Recurrent events - A case study of Japan

A recently proposed method of constructing seismic networks from 'record breaking events' from the earthquake catalog of California (Phy. Rev. E, 77 6,066104, 2008) was successfull in establishing causal features to seismicity and arrive at estimates for rupture length and its scaling with magnitude. The results of our implementation of this procedure on the earthquake catalog of Japan establishes the robustness of the procedure. Additionally, we find that the temporal distributions are able to detect heterogeneties in the seismicity of the region.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl

A Study on Homoeopathic Management of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children

INTRODUCTION: Behavioural problems is defined as the symptomatic expression of emotional inadequate adjustment especially in children. Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the behavioural problems under descriptive behavioural disorder. Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the mental health problems in children and adolescents. Evidence suggests that between 1 and 16% children have oppositional defiant disorder. It is a pattern of disobedient, hostile, argue with adult. Child is angry, irritable, recent ful, they blamed other for her mistakes, non obedient, argumentative and defiant behaviour, repeated tantrum throwing, verbal aggression, spiteful or vindictive. This type of behaviour may be due to certain factors such as hereditary, emotional, pre natal factors. If oppositional defiant disorder is not treated it can progress to conduct disorder and child can changes to an anti social adult. NEED OF THE STUDY: Essential features of oppositional defiant disorder are a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant ,and hostile behaviour towards authoritative figures. Whereas the essential features of conduct disorder are a repetitive and persistent pattern of behaviour in which the basic rights of others and rules are violated. If Oppositional defiant disorder is not treated properly the personalities will be changed in to conduct disorder. Oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder continue to be predominant juvenile disorders in mental health. Research in recent years shows that the course of antisocial behaviour from child hood through adult hood. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To study the efficacy of homoeopathic management of oppositional defiant disorder in children. 2. To assess the clinical course of oppositional defiant disorder during homoeopathic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: STUDY SETTING: A sample of 30 cases presenting with oppositional defiant disorder obtaining from school health program conducted by Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College and also from the OPD, IPD and rural centers of Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College. SELECTION OF SAMPLES: • Sample Size - 30 cases. • Sampling Technique – Simple Random Sampling. INCLUSION CRITERIA: • Patients of age group between 3-17 years of age which are diagnosed as oppositional defiant disorder. • Children of both sexes. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: • Patients below 3yrs and above 17 years of age. • Patients with chromosomal disorder. • Patients of unwilling parents. STUDY DESIGN: • Screening will be done in school based on Vanderbilt parent rating scale. The study will be carried out in Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College Hospital and rural centers of Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College. • Data will be collected according to pre-structured SKHMC case format. • Pre and post treatment analysis is done using Vanderbilt parent rating scale. • Medicines will be prescribed according to the individualization of the case. • The patients will be monitored before and after administration of medicine. • It is a 6 month to one year study, therefore the data will be assessed at regular intervals. Results will be subjected to statistical analysis and hypothesis will be tested using paired t- test. RESULTS: A sample of thirty cases obtained by screening the students from the patients who attend the OPD and IPD of Sarada Krishna homoeopathic medical college and hospital was taken for this study. The children with the positive result in Vanderbilt parent rating scale for screening of oppositional defiant disorder. And start constitutional medicine. Again screen for 6 months. All the thirty cases were follow up for a period of 6 months and were subject to statistical study. The results are presented on the basis of data obtained from study group. The following tables and charts reveal the observations and results of this study. CONCLUSION: A sample of 30 cases selected after screening studentsfrom different for school health programs and patients who visited the OPD of Sarada Krishna homoeopathic medical college and hospital were selected as per the inclusion criteria. Conclusions were made after a statistical analysis of cases with oppositional defiant disorders. The following conclusions were drawn from the study as follows: • Majority of patients belong to age groups 11 years to 14 years. • Majority of screened students were males19 males and 11 were females. • Calcarea carb is the most suited constitutional remedies • Homoeopathy shows effectiveness in managing oppositional defiant disorder. • Limited number of researches are reported in oppositional defiant disorder. so more research needed in this field

ANTIUROLITHIATIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS WHOLE PLANT ON ETHYLENE GLYCOL-INDUCED UROLITHIASIS IN WISTAR RATS

Objective: In India Indigenous system of medicine, the plant Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms is claimed to be useful for different ailments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the significant activity of the ethanolic extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms whole plant in the treatment of renal stone by ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis in Wistar rats. Methods: Wistar rat will be divided into four groups. All the animals received EG 0.75%v/v by orally for 28 days. Group I was received 0.75%v/v EG for 28 days. Groups II, III, and IV were received cystone, ethanolic extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms (200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg), respectively, administered orally from 15th to 28th day for curative regimen. Animals were housed in metabolic cages and collect the 24 h urine samples and serum samples on the 7th, 14th, 21th, and 28th day of the experiments. Under the microscopical study to observe the crystals in urine sample. The biochemical parameters monitored in the present study are calcium, oxalate, magnesium, phosphorus, urea, creatinine, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in urine and serum samples. Results: The EG feeding resulted in elevated renal excretion of calcium, phosphate, oxalate, and decreased renal excretion of magnesium as well-elevated serum BUN, creatinine, uric acid, urea, LDH levels, and decreased the urine pH and urine volume. Treatment of the ethanolic extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms significantly reduced the elevated calcium, phosphate, oxalate in urine as well as BUN, creatinine, uric acid, urea, and LDH level in serum. It also restores the normal urine pH and promotes the urine output. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of E. crassipes (Mart.) Solms exhibited significant anti-urolithiatic activity evident from urine calcium, phosphate, oxalate levels and serum BUN, creatinine, uric acid, urea and LDH levels

Madurai Maruthan Ilanaganar and the Nadukal Culture of the Sangam Age

Ancient poets sang in many songs about the mediators taken for warriors in Sangam literature. Madurai Maruthan Ilanaganar, a contemporary of the Pandya king Nanmaran Valuthi, mentions his rare ideas about planting in six songs. This article explores the structure, developmental status of the mediators, the engraving, the imprinting of the human figure, the character of the engraver and the disintegration of the figure, the heroic deed of the opposing hero, and the implantation of messages about his heroism with the implant culture

A Study on Fundamental Theorem of Galois Theory

In [F] the theoretical Galois hypothesis, initially created by Krasner for automorphism gatherings (and in this manner endomorphism monoids) of social structures and afterward stretched out by others for not really finitary multi-contention tasks, was inferred by a predictable utilization of the list changes under which the safeguarded relations are invariant. The limited length of that communication blocked an express show of a last structure or a correlation with different definitions inferred by different methods. It is proposed to make this up here, inferring and examining the other surviving structures based on this one

Antibacterial susceptibility patterns of blood stream isolates in patients investigated at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi

Background: Microbial invasion of the blood stream can have serious immediate consequences and are a threat to every organ in the body. Timely detection and treatment is vital and necessitates hospital admission and immediate intervention.Objectives: To investigate aetiology and anti-microbial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates in blood stream infections.Design: A retrospective clinical-laboratory study carried over a five year period January 2003 to April 2008.Setting: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Department of Pathology, Division of Microbiology.Subjects: All blood culture specimens received from both in and out-patients’ at the Aga Khan University Hospital’s laboratory.Results: Rates of oxacillin resistance for Staphylococcus aureus were 21%. Streptococci were generally susceptible to beta-lactams. High-level gentamicin resistance was seen in 12% of Enterococci. Vancomycin resistance was conspicuously absent. Resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, imipenem were between 11% and 23%. Salmonella spp. showed multiple resistant patterns toco-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol and ampicillin with resistance rates of greater than 35%. One hundred and twenty three patients (11%) tested positive for HlV. Unlike in HlV negative individuals, Cryptococcus neoformans was an important isolate, positive in 5%. A number of HlV positive patients had Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococcus isolates in their blood cultures. In such clinical circumstances it is difficult to determine the clinical significance of these isolates. Conclusion: Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns revealed high level resistance among the gram positive organisms and also amongst extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli and Klebsiella spp. This study highlights the challenges of deriving empiric drug regimens in the current clinical scenario. However, we do know it is important to cover adequately for gram positive organisms

Real Time Monitoring and Neuro-Fuzzy Based Fault Diagnosis of Flow Process in Hybrid System

Process variables vary with time in certain applications. Monitoring systems let us avoid severe economic losses resulting from unexpected electric system failures by improving the system reliability and maintainability The installation and maintenance of such monitoring systems is easy when it is implemented using wireless techniques. ZigBee protocol, that is a wireless technology developed as open global standard to address the low-cost, low-power wireless sensor networks. The goal is to monitor the parameters and to classify the parameters in normal and abnormal conditions to detect fault in the process as early as possible by using artificial intelligent techniques. A key issue is to prevent local faults to be developed into system failures that may cause safety hazards, stop temporarily the production and possible detrimental environment impact. Several techniques are being investigated as an extension to the traditional fault detection and diagnosis. Computational intelligence techniques are being investigated as an extension to the traditional fault detection and diagnosis methods. This paper proposes ANFIS (Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System) for fault detection and diagnosis. In ANFIS, the fuzzy logic will create the rules and membership functions whereas the neural network trains the membership function to get the best output. The output of ANFIS is compared with Back Propagation Algorithm (BPN) algorithm of neural network. The training and testing data required to develop the ANFIS model were generated at different operating conditions by running the process and by creating various faults in real time in a laboratory experimental model

ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING CAPACITY OF RED SEAWEED HYPNEA VALENTIAE FROM RAMESHWARAM COAST TAMIL NADU, INDIA

Objectives: In this study, In-vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Hypnea valentiae was evaluated in a series of in vitro assays. Antioxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical induced oxidative stress.Methods: The evaluation of antioxidant properties was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis 3ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), nitric oxide scavenging assay (NO), reducing power, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide radical assay, the metal chelating activity as well as phosphomolypdenum assay.Results: Among the tested red algae, the maximum antioxidant activity was recorded in the methanol extract of Hypnea valentiae. Whereas methanol crude extract of red algae and diatom showed good antioxidant potential.Conclusions: The findings of the present study suggest that all seaweed extracts could be a potential source of natural antioxidant that could have great importance as therapeutic agents.Â