23 research outputs found
Dichotomaria marginata (Rhodophyta) as a bioindicator for marine pollution: An overview about its metabolites and adsorbed pollutants
Macroalgae are considered bioindicators for marine pollution, because they have the ability to quickly react to changes in their environment. In consequence, macroalgae populations fluctuate, according to species characteristics and adaptive strategies. Their cell wall polysaccharides contain sulfate groups that are capable of retaining and accumulating heavy metals. In addition to traditional contaminants, emerging pollutants are being recognized in aquatic environments. Herein, emerging pollutants have been identified after being desorbed from the macroalga Dichotomaria marginata, collected from Fortaleza Beach, Ubatuba -SP, Brazil. Based on that algal polysaccharide networks have the potential of forming hydrogen bonds with polar compounds, it was hypothesized that these pollutants would be bound to sugar polymers. Compounds present in the D. marginata samples were identified using both gas and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS and HPLC/MS), assisted by computational methods. It was possible to unequivocally identify 22 emerging contaminants with GC/MS, and 16 substances with HPLC/MS
Efeitos dos surfactantes aniônicos LAS e LESS no desenvolvimento e na morfologia da cianobactéria Planktothrix agardhii CCIBt3125
Os surfactantes aniônicos Linear Alquilbenzeno Sulfonato (LAS) e Lauril Éter Sulfato de Sódio (LESS) estão entre as principais substâncias utilizadas nas formulações de detergentes comerciais, e são lançados em redes de esgoto poluindo rios e mananciais, habitados por milhares de microorganismos, entre os quais estão as cianobactérias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos dos surfactantes LAS e LESS sobre o crescimento da linhagem cianobacteriana Planktothrix agardhii CCIBt3125. O experimento teve a duração de 16 dias sendo a contagem dos tricomas feita a cada dois dias, em câmara de Fuchs Rosenthal. O meio BG-11 foi utilizado como controle e os seguintes tratamentos foram testados (n = 3): BG-11+4% de LAS (concentração 4,13 mM) e BG-11+4% de LESS (concentração 5,32 mM), mantidos em temperatura de 23ºC±1, fotoperÃodo 14/10 luz/escuro e irradiância 40-50 µmol fótons m-2.s-1. Na condição controle, a cepa apresentou crescimento exponencial do segundo ao décimo dia e taxa de crescimento de 0,17 (µ dia-1) enquanto que, comparativamente, os surfactantes promoveram uma resposta inibitória no desenvolvimento da biomassa: no décimo dia foi observada redução da densidade dos tricomas de 69% no tratamento com LAS e de 70% no tratamento com LESS; no décimo sexto dia houve redução de 88% (LAS) e de 90% (LESS), não havendo diferença significativa entre os dois tratamentos. Segundo a literatura, nossos resultados são os primeiros a mostrar esses efeitos sobre a espécie P. agardhii e estão em concordância com as informações já existentes sobre a ação inibitória de surfactantes no crescimento de outras espécies de cianobactérias; além disso, também mostram a necessidade de maior controle na destinação de efluentes contendo detergentes, devido aos seus efeitos negativos sobre a biota aquática
A QuÃmica de Vidalia obtusiloba (= Osmundaria obtusiloba) [Rhodophyta - Ceramiales] e suas implicações sistemáticas
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos realizar o estudo da rodoficea marinha Vidalia obtusiloba (Osmundaria obtusiloba), visando o isolamento e a identificação ou elucidação estrutural de seus metabólitos principais e avaliar estas substâncias segundo critérios quimiossistemáticos, buscando situá-los em padrões já estabelecidos. De extratos obtidos com solventes de diferentes polaridades foram isoladas, através de técnicas cromatográficas, nove substâncias, sendo quatro delas inéditas. São elas fenóis e oligofenóis bromados, com e sem grupos sulfatos, além de esteróide, glicerÃdeo e glicosÃdeo aminado. As análises estruturais foram efetuadas com base em dados espectroscópicos de RMN 1H e 13C, incluindo experimentos bidimensionais, em dados obtidos dos espectros de massas, de infravermelho, e análise elementar e no caso do glicosÃdeo aminado, em difração de raios X. Do ponto de vista quimiossistemático, as substâncias enquadram-se nos padrões esperados para rodofÃceas marinhas. Através de um levantamento bibliográfico descobriu-se que o padrão quimiotaxonômico que correlaciona a ocorrência de determinados metabólitos primários com a de metabólitos secundários, ou seja, que relaciona a ocorrência do(s) floridosÃdeo(s) com a de terpenos e a do digeneasÃdeo com a de fenóis bromados é uma constante nestas macro algas, enquadrando-se a V. obtusiloba neste último caso.The present work has as its objective to carry out a study of the marine red alga Vidalia obtusiloba (Osmundaria obtusiloba), with intente to isolate, identify and/or elucidate the structure of its principal metabolites and to evaluate these substances according to chemosystematic criteria so as to situate them within established patterns. From extracts obtained through the use of solvents of diferente polarities, we were able to isolate through chromatographic techniques nine substances, of which 4 had not been seen before. These are phenols and bromate oligophenols, with and without sulphate groups, in addition to a steroid, a glyceride and an amine glycoside. Structural analyses were carried out based on RMN 1H and 13C spectroscopic data, including bidimensional experiments, on data obtained through infrared mass spectrum and elementary analysis. In the case of the amine glycosides, these were based on X-ray diffraction. F rom the chemosystematic point of view, these substances fall into the expected pattems for marine rhodophytes. Through bibliographical research we were able to find that the chemotaxonomic patterns that correlate the occurrence of certain primary metabolites with secondary metabolites, i.e., that relate the occurrence of the floridosides with terpenes, and of digeneaside with bromate phenols, are a constant in these macro algae. V. obtusiloba falls into the latter case
Biochemical Systematics and Ecology
Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 337-342A correlation between the presence of terpenes and floridosides and between the presence of bromophenols and digeneaside was observed in species of red algae belonging to the order Ceramiales. This observation suggests a division in Ceramiales that can be easily detected through the presence of the secondary metabolites, terpenes and bromophenols
QuÃmica Nova
p. 757-764Halogenated and/or sulfated phenols from marine macroalgae. During the biological evolution, marine macroalgae have developed biochemicals tools in order to utilize components of seawater such as sulfates and halogens, to produce a variety of chemicals (secondary metabolites).This review shows and discuss the occurrence of sulfated and/or halogenated phenolic compounds in seaweeds.São Paul
Brazilian Journal of Botany
p.453-459Two new sulfated oligobromophenols from the marine red algae Osmundaria obtusiloba, 4-(1'-potassium sulfate, 2,3-dibromo, 1',4,5-trihydroxybenzyl) - 4''-(1'''-potassium sulfate, 2'',3''-dibromo, 1''',4'',5''-trihydroxybenzyl) sulfate and 1'-(2, 3-dibromo, 4-potassium sulfate, 1', 4, 5-trihydroxybenzyl) - 4''-(1''' potassium sulfate, 2'', 3''-dibromo, 1''', 4'', 5'' trihydroxybenzyl) sulfate, are herein reported. Besides them it was obtained 2, 2', 3, 3'-tetrabromo-4, 4', 5, 5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane, 2, 3-dibromo-p-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether (methyl lanosol), dipotassium 2,3-dibromo-5-hydroxybenzyl 1',4-disulfate, 24-methylenecolest-5-en-3-b-ol and a-D-mannopyranosyl-(1®2')-glycerate (digeneaside). The structures were determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data (IR, NMR and MS) and comparison with the literature. The 13CNMR data for dipotassium 2,3-dibromo-5hydroxybenzyl-1',4-disulfate are described here for the first time. The present study also suggests a mild method to isolate and to purify sulfated compounds
Revista Brasileira de Botânica
P.453-459,jul-set.Dois novos oligobromophenols sulfatados de algas marinhas vermelhas da Osmundaria obtusiloba, 4 - (1'-sulfato de potássio, 2,3-dibromo, 1 ',4,5-trihydroxybenzyl) - 4'' (1'''-de potássio, sulfato 2'', 3''-dibromo, 1''', 4'', 5''-trihydroxybenzyl de sulfato) e 1'-(2, 3-dibromo, sulfato de potássio 4, 1', 4, 5-trihydroxybenzyl ) - 4'' (1'''sulfato de potássio, 2'', 3''-dibromo, 1''', 4'', 5''trihydroxybenzyl sulfato), são aqui relatados. Besides them it was obtained 2, 2', 3, 3'-tetrabromo-4, 4', 5, 5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane, 2, 3-dibromo-p-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether (methyl lanosol), dipotassium 2,3-dibromo-5-hydroxybenzyl 1',4-disulfate, 24-methylenecolest-5-en-3- b -ol and a -D-mannopyranosyl-(1 ® 2')-glycerate (digeneaside). Além deles foi obtido 2, 2 ', 3, 3'-tetrabromo-4, 4', 5, 5'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane, 2, 3-dibromo-p-hidroxibenzil éter metÃlico (metil lanosol), dipotássico 2,3 - dibromo-5-hidroxibenzil 1 ',4-bissulfureto, 24 methylenecolest-5-en-3-b-ol e a-D-mannopyranosyl-(1 ® 2')-glicerato (digeneaside). The structures were determined by analysis of the spectroscopic data (IR, NMR and MS) and comparison with the literature. As estruturas foram determinadas por análise dos dados espectroscópicos (IR, NMR e MS) e comparação com a literatura. The 13 CNMR data for dipotassium 2,3-dibromo-5hydroxybenzyl-1',4-disulfate are described here for the first time. Os 13 dados CNMR para dipotássico 2,3-dibromo-5hydroxybenzyl-1 ',4-dissulfato são descritas aqui pela primeira vez. The present study also suggests a mild method to isolate and to purify sulfated compounds. O presente estudo também sugere um método suave para isolar e purificar compostos sulfatados.São Paul
Phytochemistry
Texto completo: acesso restrito. p.1331–1335Three brominated bisabolene-type sesquiterpene derivatives, aldingenin B, C and D, together with cholesterol and palmitic acid, have been isolated from the red alga Laurencia aldingensis (Ceramiales, Rodophyta) and their structures elucidated by spectroscopic methods including NMR analysis