Deficiency of annexins A5 and A6 induces complex changes in the transcriptome of growth plate cartilage but does not inhibit the induction of mineralization

Initiation of mineralization during endochondral ossification is a multistep process and has been assumed to correlate with specific interactions of annexins A5 and A6 and collagens. However, skeletal development appears to be normal in mice deficient for either A5 or A6, and the highly conserved structures led to the assumption that A5 and A6 may fulfill redundant functions. We have now generated mice deficient of both proteins. These mice were viable and fertile and showed no obvious abnormalities. Assessment of skeletal elements using histologic, ultrastructural, and peripheral quantitative computed tomographic methods revealed that mineralization and development of the skeleton were not significantly affected in mutant mice. Otherwise, global gene expression analysis showed subtle changes at the transcriptome level of genes involved in cell growth and intermediate metabolism. These results indicate that annexins A5 and A6 may not represent the essential annexins that promote mineralization in vivo

Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationship Exploration of 1-Substituted 4-Aroyl-3-hydroxy-5-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one Analogues as Inhibitors of the Annexin A2−S100A10 Protein Interaction

This research was supported by grants from Cancer Research UK. H.K.M. was funded by a Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council studentship.S100 proteins are small adaptors that regulate the activity of partner proteins by virtue of direct protein interactions. Here, we describe the first small molecule blockers of the interaction between S100A10 and annexin A2. Molecular docking yielded candidate blockers that were screened for competition of the binding of an annexin A2 peptide to S100A10. Several inhibitory clusters were identified with some containing compounds with potency in the lower micromolar range. We chose 3-hydroxy-1-(2-hydroxypropyl)-5-(4-isopropylphenyl)-4-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1H-pyrrol-2(5H)-one (1a) as a starting point for structure-activity studies. These confirmed the hypothetical binding mode from the virtual screen for this series of molecules. Selected compounds disrupted the physiological complex of annexin A2 and S100A10, both in a broken cell preparation and inside MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Thus, this class of compounds has promising properties as inhibitors of the interaction between annexin A2 and S100A10 and may help to elucidate the cellular function of this protein interaction.Peer reviewe

Lesions of the ovary with T1-hypersignal

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Magnetic resonance imaging of skeletal muscle involvement in limb restricted vasculitis

Objective: To describe the MRI findings in the legs of three patients with limb restricted vasculitides (two PAN, one isolated vasculitis of the skeletal muscle) with histologically established muscle involvement. Methods: MRI was carried out on calf muscles and T(2) weighted images, unenhanced T(1) weighted images, and STIR sequences were obtained. Results: Muscle damage resulted in oedema-like changes on MRI characterised by hyperintense signals in T(2) weighted and slow tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences and normal unenhanced T(1) weighted sequences of one or several leg muscles. Conclusions: MRI should be considered a useful complementary examination that might facilitate the recognition of limb restricted vasculitides, and possibly indicate the site for muscle biopsy. It could also be useful in monitoring the course of the disease. Future studies should also evaluate MRI for systemic PAN or other systemic vasculitides with muscle involvement

Acute hypertensive encephalopathy with widespread small-vessel disease at MRI in a diabetic patient: pathogenetic hypotheses

articleWe report unusual magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a diabetic patient with neglected hypertension and hyperglycemia, presenting with seizures and coma. Outcome was fatal despite intensive care. The MRI findings included bilateral insular and temporo-occipital grey and white matter involvement, and numerous, scattered, lacunar-like lesions involving the peripheral and deep white matter, basal ganglia grey matter, and brainstem. Lesions had a low apparent diffusion coefficient, and some enhanced following contrast injection. Hypertensive encephalopathy with widespread and severe acute small-vessel disease was considered. Pathophysiology is discussed

High-resolution computed tomography to differentiate chronic diffuse interstitial lung diseases with predominant ground-glass pattern using logical analysis of data

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Scent evolution in Chinese roses

The phenolic methyl ether 3,5-dimethoxytoluene (DMT) is a major scent compound of many modern rose varieties, and its fragrance participates in the characteristic “tea scent” that gave their name to Tea and Hybrid Tea roses. Among wild roses, phenolic methyl ether (PME) biosynthesis is restricted to Chinese rose species, but the progenitors of modern roses included both European and Chinese species (e.g., Rosa chinensis cv Old Blush), so this trait was transmitted to their hybrid progeny. The last steps of the biosynthetic pathways leading to DMT involve two methylation reactions catalyzed by the highly similar orcinol O-methyltransferases (OOMT) 1 and 2. OOMT1 and OOMT2 enzymes exhibit different substrate specificities that are consistent with their operating sequentially in DMT biosynthesis. Here, we show that these different substrate specificities are mostly due to a single amino acid polymorphism in the phenolic substrate binding site of OOMTs. An analysis of the OOMT gene family in 18 species representing the diversity of the genus Rosa indicated that only Chinese roses possess both the OOMT2 and the OOMT1 genes. In addition, we provide evidence that the Chinese-rose-specific OOMT1 genes most probably evolved from an OOMT2-like gene that has homologues in the genomes of all extant roses. We propose that the emergence of the OOMT1 gene may have been a critical step in the evolution of scent production in Chinese roses