Responding to Change: Girl Scouts, Race, and the Feminist Movement

The purpose of the Girl Scouts of the United States of America (GSUSA) is to teach girls to be giving, self-sufficient, and independent in their homes and communities through volunteer work and earning merit badges. Open to all girls since its inception, the GSUSA offers Girl Scouts training in both gender-conforming and nontraditional vocations. However, during the first half of the twentieth century, segregation and domesticity was emphasized in American society. The organization began to focus less on careers, independence, and racial inclusion to preparing predominately white girls to be good wives and mothers. As Black Power and women’s liberation gained momentum in the early 1970s, the GSUSA decided to increase its racial diversity and move in a more feminist direction by nominating Betty Friedan to the National Board of Directors and endorsing the Equal Rights Amendment. Despite the anti-feminist backlash from the membership, the GSUSA continued to support women’s liberation

Influence of deformation axis onto the length free path of screw dislocations in pure fcc materials

In this paper the influence of crystal's deformation axis orientation on formation of long, strong dislocation junctions which can be barriers that limit the shear zone has been studied. The probability of strong junctions formation has been obtained on the basis of interdislocation contact interactions model. The length of free path of screw dislocations has been defined for different orientations of crystal's deformation axis

Interaction kernels for A = 4n binary cluster systems

Bargmann transform techniques used to calculate norm kernels for nuclear cluster systems have been generalized to evaluate interaction kernels for central interactions of gaussian form for binary cluster systems made up of SU(4)-scalar (A = 4n) cluster fragments with internal functions of good SU(3) symmetry and equal oscillator width parameters. The technique involves a reduction from A-particle orbital states of space symmetry characterized by 4-columned Young tableaux to states of single-column symmetry. The interaction kernels are built partly through a convolution of the single-column Bargmann transforms of the Fourier components of basic one-body operators. Bargmann transforms of single-column type have been evaluated in algebraic form for a two-body gaussian interaction and for the one-body Fourier kernel, [Sigma]jexp (iq [middle dot] rj). for the following A-particle systems and cluster decompositions: A = 12, [alpha] + 8Be; A = 16, [alpha] + 12C, 8Be + 8Be; A = 20, [alpha] + 16O, 8Be + 12C; and A = 24, 12C + 12C, 8Be + 16O, [alpha] + 20Ne. The construction of the Bargmann transform for the full A-particle system is illustrated with a simple example. The example also shows how the coordinate space matrix elements needed for the evaluation of RGM and GCM kernels can be extracted from appropriate expansions of this Bargmann transform by purely algebraic techniques.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23954/1/0000201.pd

Overview of CFD Analyses Supporting the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) Program at MSFC

During the past year, various computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses were performed at Marshall Space Flight Center to support the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor program. The successful completion of these analyses involved application of the CFD codes FDNS and CELMINT. The topics addressed by the analyses were: (1) the design and prediction of slag pool accumulation within the five inch test motor, (2) prediction of slag pool behavior and its response to lateral accelerations, (3) the clogging of potential insulation debonds within the nozzle by slag accumulation, (4) the behavior of jets within small voids inside nozzle joint gaps, (5) The effect of increased inhibitor stiffness on motor acoustics, and (6) the effect of a nozzle defect on particle impingement enhanced erosion. The emphasis of this presentation will be to further discuss the work in topics 3, 4, and 5

Spectroscopic amplitudes for complex cluster systems

By expanding the Bargmann-Segal integral transform of nomi and overlap kernels in appropriately SU(3) coupled Bargmann space functions, the calculation of norm and overlap matrix elements in a cluster model basis is reduced to purely algebraic techniques involving the algebra of SU(3) recoupling transformations. This technique has been further developed to make calculations possible for systems of two heavy fragments other than closed-shell nuclei. In one application of the method, analytic expressions are given for the norms of binary fragment systems in which a light fragment of mass number [function of (italic small f)], [function of (italic small f)] [les] 4, is combined with a heavy fragment of mass number A-[function of (italic small f)], with A-[function of (italic small f)] [les] 24. The A-[function of (italic small f)] fragment nuclei with different p- and sd-shell structure illustrate somewhat different problems in the recoupling technique. In a second application, spectroscopic amplitudes are calculated for the most important open channels of the 12C+ 12C resonances. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the antisymmetrizer are evaluated in a "molecular basis" of the 12C + 12C system, in which each 12C nucleus is assumed to have SU(3) symmetry (04) with internal rotational excitations of 0+,2+ and 4+. Reduced width amplitudes are calculated connecting such normalized, fully antisymmetrized molecular basis states to exit channels which include: [alpha]+20Ne with 20Ne internal functions of (80) SU(3) symmetry, (K = 0+ band, and (82) SU(3) symmetry, (K = 2- band); 16O+8Be; and 23Na+p or 23Mg+n fragments with 23Na or 23Mg excitations in rotational bands of SU(3) symmetry (83).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/24425/1/0000696.pd

Epidemiology of plasmid lineages mediating the spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical Escherichia coli

The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli has been increasing, with this spread driven by ESBL-encoding plasmids. However, the epidemiology of ESBL-disseminating plasmids remains understudied, obscuring the roles of individual plasmid lineages in ESBL spread. To address this, we performed an in-depth genomic investigation of 149 clinical ESBL-like E. coli isolates from a tertiary care hospital. We obtained high-quality assemblies for 446 plasmids, revealing an extensive map of plasmid sharing that crosses time, space, and bacterial sequence type boundaries. Through a sequence-based network, we identified specific plasmid lineages that are responsible for the dissemination of major ESBLs. Notably, we demonstrate that IncF plasmids separate into 2 distinct lineages that are enriched for different ESBLs and occupy distinct host ranges. Our work provides a detailed picture of plasmid-mediated spread of ESBLs, demonstrating the extensive sequence diversity within identified lineages, while highlighting the genetic elements that underlie the persistence of these plasmids within the clinical E. coli population

Экономическое обоснование проекта «Доставка здорового питания»

Объектом исследования является рынок услуг, оказывающий доставку здорового питания Цель работы - обоснование открытия интернет – магазина доставки здорового питания В ходе работы решены следующие задачи: 1 проведён обзор литературы 2 проанализирован рынок здорового питания; 3 дан анализ потребительских предпочтений относительно здорового питания 4 экономически обосновано открытие интернет – магазина доставки здорового питания; 5 проведён анализ всевозможных рисков, связанных с открытием интернет - магазина.The object of the study is the market for services providing healthy food delivery. Purpose of work – substantiation of the opening of an online store of healthy food delivery In the course of work, the following tasks were solved: 1 literature review 2 analyzed the market for healthy eating; 3 gives an analysis of consumer preferences regarding healthy eating. 4 it is economically justified to open an online health food delivery store; 5 an analysis of all possible risks associated with the opening of an online store

Ferromagnetic Liquid Thin Films Under Applied Field

Theoretical calculations, computer simulations and experiments indicate the possible existence of a ferromagnetic liquid state, although definitive experimental evidence is lacking. Should such a state exist, demagnetization effects would force a nontrivial magnetization texture. Since liquid droplets are deformable, the droplet shape is coupled with the magnetization texture. In a thin-film geometry in zero applied field, the droplet has a circular shape and a rotating magnetization texture with a point vortex at the center. We calculate the elongation and magnetization texture of such ferromagnetic thin film liquid droplet confined between two parallel plates under a weak applied magnetic field. The vortex stretches into a domain wall and exchange forces break the reflection symmetry. This behavior contrasts qualitatively and quantitatively with the elongation of paramagnetic thin films.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to Phys. Rev.

Inhomogeneous magnetization in dipolar ferromagnetic liquids

At high densities fluids of strongly dipolar spherical particles exhibit spontaneous long-ranged orientational order. Typically, due to demagnetization effects induced by the long range of the dipolar interactions, the magnetization structure is spatially inhomogeneous and depends on the shape of the sample. We determine this structure for a cubic sample by the free minimization of an appropriate microscopic density functional using simulated annealing. We find a vortex structure resembling four domains separated by four domain walls whose thickness increases proportional to the system size L. There are indications that for large L the whole configuration scales with the system size. Near the axis of the mainly planar vortex structure the direction of the magnetization escapes into the third dimension or, at higher temperatures, the absolute value of the magnetization is strongly reduced. Thus the orientational order is characterized by two point defects at the top and the bottom of the sample, respectively. The equilibrium structure in an external field and the transition to a homogeneous magnetization for strong fields are analyzed, too.Comment: 17 postscript figures included, submitted to Phys. Rev.