Myelomeningocele and the Neuropsychological Functioning of Bilingual Children

Myelomeningocele is the most common and most severe form of spina bifida, affecting the brain and spinal cord of millions of children. Children of Hispanic background have the highest prevalence rate of this condition. Despite this fact, research that examines the cognitive profiles of Hispanic children with myelomeningocele is limited. A review on bilingualism and neurocognitive performance suggests that a cognitive advantage is present among those who are able to learn and utilize two languages. Although some have investigated the neuropsychological performance of children with myelomeningocele, research has yet to examine whether a bilingual cognitive advantage is present among bilingual children with this condition. Furthermore, it is unknown whether bilingualism gives a cognitive advantage to those who undergo additional brain insults such as multiple shunt revisions, which are commonly seen in those with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus (MM-HC). Therefore, this study aimed to examine the neurocognitive profiles of bilingual Hispanic children with myelomeningocele and evaluate whether they benefit from the bilingual cognitive advantage. Twenty seven monolingual children and 22 bilingual children with MM-HC were administered a neuropsychological battery to assess various cognitive domains. In addition, the influence of cultural variables (such as level of language fluency, acculturation, parental income and education) was also considered. Analyses of Covariance indicated that after controlling for cultural variables, the scores of bilingual and monolingual children with MM-HC in the domains of General Intellectual Abilities, Verbal abilities, Motor Abilities, Processing Speed and Executive Functions were not significantly different. However, significant differences were found in the domains of Visual Memory/Abilities and Verbal/Working Memory, indicating that monolingual children with MM-HC significantly outperformed their bilingual counterparts. Subsequent analyses among those who had undergone additional shunt related surgeries revealed no significant differences between bilingual and monolingual children with MM-HC who had a history of shunt revisions. Results from this study suggest that the cognitive advantage seen among bilinguals with intact brains (i.e., no previous brain insults/traumas) is not present among bilingual children with MM-HC. Several explanations of these findings are discussed

Nunduva, a new marine genus of Rivulariaceae (Nostocales, Cyanobacteria) from marine rocky shores

Several populations of a non–tapering and tapering, fasciculated, single and geminate false branch- ing heterocytous cyanobacterium were collected from rocky shores in the Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. The populations were provisionally placed in Brasilonema based on morphology, but upon sequencing of both environmental and culture material it was discovered that the populations/cultures belonged to the Rivulariaceae, in a marine subclade of the family containing Kyrtuthrix huatulcensis. In culture, the taxon exhibited tapering in isopolar filaments, providing further evidence that it was a member of the rivulariacean clade. Based on molecular data for other cyanobacteria within the rivulariacean clade, we identified at least three more species morphologically distinguishable from the Brasilonema–like material, all of which show more pronounced ta- pering. These cyanobacteria include not only tropical marine strains, but also a strain isolated from the English coastline in the Atlantic Ocean. We propose a new genus and four species for members of this distinctive clade, Nunduva fasciculata gen. nov., sp. nov., N. kania sp. nov., N. biania sp. nov., and N. britannica sp. nov. Other strains that others and we have isolated are sister to Nunduva and may eventually be placed within this genus, but at present, we consider the evidence for inclusion in Nunduva to be insufficient

WHEN WILL TAXONOMIC SATURATION BE ACHIEVED? A CASE STUDY IN NUNDUVA AND KYRTUTHRIX (RIVULARIACEAE, CYANOBACTERIA)1

A number of heterocytous, mat-forming, tapering cyanobacteria in Rivulariaceae have recently been observed in both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts in the rocky intertidal and supratidal zones. These belong to the genera Nunduva, Kyrtuthrix, and Phyllonema and have been the subject of several recent studies. Herein, two new species of Nunduva (N. komarkovae and N. sanagustinensis) and two new species of Kyrtuthrix (K. munecosensis and K. totonaca) are characterized and described from the coasts of Mexico. Genetic separation based on the 16S-23S ITS region was pronounced (\u3e10% in all comparisons). Morphological differences between all existing species in these two genera were also observed, but the group is morphologically complex, and these taxa are considered pseudocryptic. Nunduva and Kyrtuthrix remain morphologically and phylogenetically separate even with the addition of new species. However, how long will this remain the case? Many new genera and species of cyanobacteria have recently been described. Will the taxonomy of cyanobacteria eventually become saturated? Will we start to see multiple populations for the same cryptic species, or will future taxonomists collapse multiple species into fewer species, or multiple genera into single genera. The description of even more Nunduva and Kyrtuthrix species causes us to pause and evaluate the future of cyanobacterial taxonomy. These same questions are faced by algal taxonomists studying other phyla, and the resolution may ultimately be similar

Apuntamientos para una filosofía en situación

Capítulos de libr

La modernidad en nuestra América : miradas epistémicas

Capítulos de libr

El proyecto liberador de la historia de las ideas

Maestría en Estudios LatinoamericanosUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Posgrado en Estudios Latinoamericano

ELEMENTOS PERSUASIVOS E NARRATIVOS DETERMINANTES NA CRIAÇÃO DE UM PERSONAGEM MÍDIA ATRAVÉS DO USO DE MARCA PESSOAL PARA GERAR UM IMPACTO DE INFLUÊNCIA SOCIAL REPRESENTADA EM AUMENTO DE VOTOS DENTRO DE UMA CAMPANHA POLÍTICA. ESTUDO DE CASO: CAMPANHA DE GOV

In electoral campaigns, a large amount of capital is for publicity and political communication, where each party oversees carrying out logistics that build a symbolic brand of the candidate. In addition, it is undeniable to mention that the world is in constant development thanks to the advancement of technology, which has allowed a hyperconnected society to modify not only access to content, but also social behavior, purchasing trends and political viewing; However, if a comparison is made of these changes in society in relation to the quality of the electoral campaigns, a lack of congruence between one and the other can be appreciated, since it seems that the communication strategies were stagnant and do not adapt. to the consumer. of the XXI. For this reason, an analysis of the campaign of Samuel García for the governorship of Nuevo León was completed, who stood out for knowing how to captivate his electorateEn campañas electorales, gran cantidad de capital es para publicidad y comunicación política, en donde cada partido se encarga de llevar una logística que construye una marca simbólica del candidato. Además, es innegable mencionar que el mundo está en constante desarrollo gracias al avance de la tecnología, que ha permitido una sociedad hiperconectada modificando no solo del acceso a contenidos, sino también al comportamiento social, tendencias de compra y visualización política; sin embargo si se hace una comparativa de estos cambios en la sociedad con relación a la calidad de las campañas electorales, se puede visualizar una falta de congruencia entre uno y otro, pues pareciera ser que las estrategias comunicativas quedaron estancadas y no se adaptan al consumidor del XXI. Por este motivo se decidió hacer un análisis de la campaña a la gubernatura de Nuevo León de Samuel García que destacó por saber cautivar a su electorado.Nas campanhas eleitorais, grande parte do capital é destinada à publicidade e à comunicação política, onde cada partido se encarrega de realizar logísticas que constroem uma marca simbólica do candidato. Além disso, é inegável mencionar que o mundo está em constante desenvolvimento graças ao avanço da tecnologia, que permitiu a uma sociedade hiperconectada modificar não só o acesso a conteúdos, mas também comportamentos sociais, tendências de compra e visão política; No entanto, se for feita uma comparação dessas mudanças na sociedade em relação à qualidade das campanhas eleitorais, pode-se constatar uma falta de congruência entre uma e outra, pois parece que as estratégias de comunicação ficaram estagnadas e não se adaptam. ao consumidor. do XXI. Por isso, foi realizada uma análise da campanha de Samuel García para o governo de Nuevo León, que se destacou por saber cativar seu eleitorad