Lessons from World Bank Research on Financial Crises

The benefits of financial development and globalization have come with continuing fragility in financial sectors. Periodic crises have had real but heterogeneous welfare impacts and not just for poor people; indeed, some of the conditions that foster deep and persistent poverty, such as lack of connectivity to markets, have provided a degree of protection for the poor. Past crises have also had longer-term impacts for some of those affected, most notably through the nutrition and schooling of children in poor families. As in other areas of policy, effective responses to a crisis require sound data and must take account of incentives and behavior. An important lesson from past experience is that the short-term responses to a crisis -- macroeconomic stabilization, trade policies, financial sector policies and social -- cannot ignore longer-term implications for both economic development and vulnerability to future crises.Financial crisis; macroeconomic response; social protection; poverty; safety nets

Playing with Derivation Modes and Halting Conditions

In the area of P systems, besides the standard maximally parallel derivation mode, many other derivation modes have been investigated, too. In this paper, many variants of hierarchical P systems and tissue P systems using different derivation modes are considered and the effects of using di erent derivation modes, especially the maximally parallel derivation modes and the maximally parallel set derivation modes, on the generative and accepting power are illustrated. Moreover, an overview on some control mechanisms used for (tissue) P systems is given. Furthermore, besides the standard total halting mode, we also consider different halting conditions such as unconditional halting and partial halting and explain how the use of different halting modes may considerably change the computing power of P systems and tissue P systems

The DBSCAN Clustering Algorithm on P Systems

We show how to implement the DBSCAN clustering algorithm (Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) on membrane systems using evolution rules with promoters and priorities

Designing theoretically-informed implementation interventions.

Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Ontario Ministry of Healt

First results of PACTE group’s experimental research on translation competence acquisition: the acquisition of declarative knowledge of translation

This paper presents the first results of empirical-experimental research into the Acquisition of Translation Competence (ATC): the acquisition of declarative knowledge about translation. This study is based on our previous research about Translation Competence (TC). Some of the data collection instruments have, however, been adapted for current use. Details of our research design include type of study, universe and sample population, study variables, data collection instruments, and data analysis processes. The dependent variables were knowledge of translation; translation project; identification and solution of translation problems; decision-making; efficacy of the translation process; and use of instrumental resources. The results of the first variable analysed (“Knowledge of Translation”) will be presented. A questionnaire with 27 items was used to obtain data on translator trainees’ knowledge of translation: their concept of translation and TC; translation units; types of translation problems; the different phases involved in the translation process; methods required; procedures used (strategies and techniques); and the role of the translation brief and the target reader. Indicators of this variable were ‘dynamic index’ and ‘coefficient of coherence’. We understand a ‘dynamic’ concept of translation to be textual, interpretative, communicative and functional; as opposed to a ‘static’ concept that may be defined as linguistic and literal. The dynamic index allows us to see whether a subject’s implicit knowledge about how translation works is more dynamic or more static, whereas the coherence coefficient allows us to see whether the subject’s vision of different aspects of translation is coherent.Este trabajo presenta los primeros resultados de una investigación empírico-experimental sobre la Adquisición de la Competencia Traductora (ACT): la adquisición de conocimientos declarativos sobre la traducción. Este estudio se basa en nuestra investigación anterior sobre Competencia Traductora (CT), si bien, algunos instrumentos de recogida de datos sobre CT se adaptaron para investigar la ACT. La información sobre el diseño de la investigación incluye tipo de estudio, universo y muestra, variables de estudio, instrumentos para la recogida de datos y proceso de análisis de datos. Las variables dependientes son conocimientos de traducción, proyecto traductor, identificación y resolución de problemas de traducción, toma de decisiones, eficacia del proceso de traducción, y uso de recursos instrumentales. Aquí se presentan los resultados de la primera variable analizada (“Conocimientos de traducción”). Se usó un cuestionario de 27 ítems para obtener datos sobre los conocimientos de los estudiantes en torno a: concepción de traducción y de la CT, unidad de traducción, tipo de problemas de traducción, etapas que intervienen al traducir, métodos requeridos, procedimientos utilizados (estrategias y técnicas), función del encargo de traducción y del destinatario. Los indicadores de esta variable son: “Índice de dinamismo” y “Coeficiente de coherencia”. Diferenciamos entre una concepción “dinámica” de la traducción (textual, interpretativa, comunicativa y funcional) y una concepción “estática” (lingüística y literal). El Índice de dinamismo nos permite determinar si los conocimientos implícitos de los sujetos sobre el funcionamiento de la traducción son más dinámicos o más estáticos, mientras que el Coeficiente de coherencia nos permite saber si la visión de los sujetos sobre diferentes aspectos de la traducción es coherente

Key issues of sustainable performance for construction projects

2006-2007 > Academic research: refereed > Research book or monograph (author)Version of RecordPublishe

Arctic Research Group 2019 Expedition To Bockfjorden, Svalbard

A multi-disciplinary scientific expedition by the Arctic Research Group to Bockfjord, north-west Spitsbergen

A Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar for English

This document describes a sizable grammar of English written in the TAG formalism and implemented for use with the XTAG system. This report and the grammar described herein supersedes the TAG grammar described in an earlier 1995 XTAG technical report. The English grammar described in this report is based on the TAG formalism which has been extended to include lexicalization, and unification-based feature structures. The range of syntactic phenomena that can be handled is large and includes auxiliaries (including inversion), copula, raising and small clause constructions, topicalization, relative clauses, infinitives, gerunds, passives, adjuncts, it-clefts, wh-clefts, PRO constructions, noun-noun modifications, extraposition, determiner sequences, genitives, negation, noun-verb contractions, sentential adjuncts and imperatives. This technical report corresponds to the XTAG Release 8/31/98. The XTAG grammar is continuously updated with the addition of new analyses and modification of old ones, and an online version of this report can be found at the XTAG web page at http://www.cis.upenn.edu/~xtag/Comment: 310 pages, 181 Postscript figures, uses 11pt, psfig.te