Genetic and pathophysiological substantiation of polyphenolic grape processing products’ application in the treatment of metabolic syndrome in the population of the Republic of Crimea

Adipose tissue in abdominal obesity produces various cytokines, the most important of which is adiponectin (AN). Polymorphism of the AN receptor genes is associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) development. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of AN genes receptors’ polymorphism with the development of MS and DM2 in the Republic of Crimea as well as the possibility of named pathology correction with polyphenolic functional foods. The study included 100 patients with confirmed diagnosis of DM2 and MS. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of patients. Gene polymorphism amplification was performed by PCR real-time. The most common genotype of the ADIPOQ gene (rs1501299) among patients with DM2 and MS was GT polymorphism G276T. The most frequent genotypes of the ADIPOR1 gene were AC (rs2275737) – 53.3% and CT (rs2275738) - 50.0%. The most frequent combinations between ADIPOR1 and ADIPOQ genes were AC (rs2275737) /CT (rs2275738) and GT (rs1501299) – 28.6%, as well as AC (rs2275737)/CT (rs2275738) and GG (rs1501299) – 19.7%. Thus, in patients with MS and DM2 in the Republic of Crimea, associations of polymorphism of the genes of the AN receptors with the development of this pathology have been established. It is known that polyphenols of red grape varieties are epigenetic modifiers. Therefore, these products can be included in individual nutrition programs in population groups genetically predisposed to MS and DM2

Polymorphism in Adiponectin and Adiponectin Receptor Genes in Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis

The role played by hereditary factors in the development of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) has not yet been fully established. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to investigate the prevalence of adiponectin and polymorphism in its gene receptors in connection with the primary symptoms of DM2 pathogenesis. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood of 94 patients with an established diagnosis of DM2 using the phenol–chloroform method. Gene polymorphisms were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The most common polymorphic variants in patients with DM2 were the genotypes AA (rs11061971) and GG (rs16928751) on the ADIPOR2 gene. A strong correlation was found between the rs16928751 polymorphism on the ADIPOR2 gene and increased body mass index (BMI). TG (rs2275737) ADIPOR1 gene genotype carriers were found to have the highest levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1), whereas TT (rs2275738) caused stable hyperglycemia. In addition, the rs16928751 ADIPOR2 gene polymorphism showed an association with the development of key mechanisms of DM2 in the Russian population, although a number of genomic searches failed to show any association of this gene with DM2. Unique gene variants associated with the risk of developing DM2 in the Crimean population were established