A Study on the Antagonistic Action of some Bacterial isolates against some common Soil Fungi

Three bacterial species (bbrd sp., bprd sp., bsrd sp.) and five fungal species (frd1 sp., ard2 sp., prd3 sp., rrd4 sp. and trd5 sp.) were isolated from the soil sample collected from various place of garden of School of Environmental Science and agricultural field near B.B.A. University, Lucknow, India. Basic aim of the isolation of fungi and bacteria was to evaluate the antifungal capacity of some bacterial species. Bacterial species inhibit the growth of fungi by the process of antagonium. Antagonism is the phenomenon in which one microorganism destroys the other interacting partner to ensure its own survival. Three bacterial stains bbrd sp., bprd sp., bsrd sp. showed to be excellent producers of antifungal metabolites. The present data exhibit the antifungal activity of the bacterial strain indicate the possibility to use it as biological agents against some plant’s pathogenic fungi by the antimicrobial activity of the microbial metabolites. Antagonistic interaction between microbes were studied by the measurement of the zone of inhibition on agar plate, that allow for repeated observation of numerous sites and inhibition with a minimum disturbance of the cells and soil particles

A Study on the Antagonistic Action of some Bacterial isolates against some common Soil Fungi

Three bacterial species (bbrd sp., bprd sp., bsrd sp.) and five fungal species (frd1 sp., ard2 sp., prd3 sp., rrd4 sp. and trd5 sp.) were isolated from the soil sample collected from various place of garden of School of Environmental Science and agricultural field near B.B.A. University, Lucknow, India. Basic aim of the isolation of fungi and bacteria was to evaluate the antifungal capacity of some bacterial species. Bacterial species inhibit the growth of fungi by the process of antagonium. Antagonism is the phenomenon in which one microorganism destroys the other interacting partner to ensure its own survival. Three bacterial stains bbrd sp., bprd sp., bsrd sp. showed to be excellent producers of antifungal metabolites. The present data exhibit the antifungal activity of the bacterial strain indicate the possibility to use it as biological agents against some plant’s pathogenic fungi by the antimicrobial activity of the microbial metabolites. Antagonistic interaction between microbes were studied by the measurement of the zone of inhibition on agar plate, that allow for repeated observation of numerous sites and inhibition with a minimum disturbance of the cells and soil particles

Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Bifunctional Moieties

In this article, a chemoselective reduction process of various aldehydes to their corresponding alcohols is described. An aqueous solution of various aromatic and allylic aldehydes was treated with NaBH4 and tetrabutylammonium iodide as a phase transfer catalyst by choosing appropriate concentrations to give their respective alcohols in good to moderate yield. This methodology offered several advantages, including simple environmentally benign experimental procedure, good yields, short reaction time, and no toxic by-product. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i4.157

Forecasting the Anti-Rabies Vaccine Demand at Jawaharlal Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer, Rajasthan: A Comparative Analysis based on Time Series Model

Background: In India, high mortality and morbidity rates of human rabies is observed. Hence, a structured surveillance system is yet to be put in place for public health discussion. At the tertiary care hospital and all public health centres, requirement of anti-rabies vaccine is needed in advance to predict the upcoming months coverage so that wastage of vaccine is minimum. Objective: To find a suitable model for forecasting the appropriate stock of anti-rabies vaccines to avoid shortage and over-supply at anti rabies clinic. Methods and Material: This was a record based cross sectional study, conducted at anti rabies clinic of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Ajmer. Data of used anti rabies vaccine was taken from immunization inventory during the period from 2017 to 2020. Time series analysis based on Holt-Winter and Box-Jenkins methods were carried out to predict the need of vaccine. Results: Study series was not stationary and stationarity was observed by taken difference in the observation between two consequent months. Residuals of the series were normally distributed and independent to each other. ARIMA(0, 1, 1) was the best model in comparison to Holt-Winter model for prediction because of low value of model selection criterion.  The forecasted value for anti-rabies vaccine was done for the year 2021. Conclusions: The following study concluded that time series can be used as a tool to forecast anti-rabies vaccine coverage and will help the policy makers to formulate appropriate plans and strategies and improve the management of vaccination resources and inventory

Awareness, attitude and practice of family planning methods in a tertiary care hospital, Uttar Pradesh, India

Background: Family planning services have the potential to improve the quality of the lives of people and their economic welfare. The objective of the study was to assess the level of awareness, attitude, and current practice of different family planning methods and to elicit reasons for couples not using any method.Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was done among 1050 married women of reproductive age .Results: Most of the women were between 21-34 years of age (60.1%) and had primary level of education (40%).It was observed that with increase in level of education, awareness also increased (77.7%). The most common source of information was mass media (53.2%). Contraceptive prevalence rate was 62.9%, higher than the national data as 28.5%. Most of them (93.1%) were aware of atleast one family planning method. The most commonly known were OCPs (74.8%), condom (68.8%) and IUCD (56.6%). Awareness about female sterilisation (36.4%) was more than male sterilisation (25.3%). 62.9% had used atleast one contraceptive method, three prevailing methods used were condom (65.1%), OCPs (31.8%) and IUCD (9.09%). Reasons precluding women from practicing contraception were desire to have a child (60.5%), lack of knowledge (42.4%), and unbearable side effects (25.5%). Majority (92.4%) thought that contraceptive use was beneficial but only (27.2%) expressed the willingness to start practicing contraception if they received more information about the subject.Conclusions: Majority of women had optimal knowledge and favourable attitude, still there is need to educate and motivate couples to improve family planning services

Prevalence of anaemia among women of reproductive age group in a rural block of Northern India

Background: Nutritional anaemia is a major public health problem in India and is primarily due to iron deficiency. The National Family Health Survey-3 (NFHS-3) data suggests that anaemia is widely prevalent among all age groups, and is particularly high nearly 55.3% amongst the most vulnerable in all women (15-49 years) Aims & Objectives: 1. To determine prevalence of Anaemia among women of reproductive age group in rural block of Haryana. 2. Effects of anaemia on mean height and weight of women of reproductive age group. Material Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive. All the women of reproductive age group (15-45 years) of CHC Sample block were included as study participants. Results: The overall prevalence of anaemia was 48.9%. 4302 out of 8590 females had varying severity of anaemia while anaemia was absent in 51.1% of the study participants. Out of the 8590 females, 1612 (18.8%) were mildly anaemic, 2374 (27.6%) were moderately anaemic and 217 (2.5%) were severely anaemic. The study revealed that mean weight and mean height in non anaemic females was more than that of varying degree (severe, moderate, mild) of anaemic females. Conclusion: the present study revealed anaemia to be a major health problem among the women of reproductive age group in rural areas in Haryana affecting their health status

Artificial Photosynthesis an Alternative Source of Renewable Energy: Potential and Limitations

Artificial photosynthesis system (APS) uses biomimetic systems to duplicate the process of natural photosynthesis that utilizes copious resources of water, carbon dioxide and sunlight to produce oxygen and energy-rich compounds and has potential to be an alternative source of renewable energy. APS like natural photosynthesis includes the splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen, and the reduction of carbon dioxide into various hydrocarbons such as formic acid (HCOOH), methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO), or even pure hydrogen fuel. These processes are accomplished by a handful of device designs, including photoelectrochemical cells or photovoltaic-coupled electrolyzers which are driven by energy extracted from sunlight photons as well as suitable catalysts. Researchers are trying to combine advantageous components from both natural photosynthesis and artificial photosynthesis to create a semi-artificial photosynthesis system, involving the incorporation of enzymes or even whole-cell into synthetic devices. However, there are several limitations to the advancement of this field which are mainly centered on the inability to establish a system that is cost-effective, long-term durable and has the highest efficiency. Artificial photosynthesis devices can also function as atmospheric cleansers by extracting the excess amount of carbon dioxide and releasing back oxygen into the environment. Although there is still a long way to go to empower society with energy supplied through artificial photosynthesis, at the same time it is both desirable and necessary. To date, the efforts to commercialize APS have been fruitful, and it will soon be a viable alternative fuel source

Sirenomelia-the mermaid syndrome: a rare invariably fatal congenital anomaly in a term unsupervised pregnancy

Sirenomelia is a rare congenital anomaly with an incidence of 0.8 to 1 case per 1,00,000 births. The prognosis is grim due to associated genitourinary and gastrointestinal anomalies. Antenatal registration in the first trimester and timely ultrasound go a long way in detection of the anamoly when termination can be still be offered and the mental agony of giving birth to a term neonate with a fatal congenital anomaly can be avoided.

Paraurethral leomyoma: a manageable challenge

Leiomyoma is a most common benign tumour of uterus. But it is very rare in vagina urethral and paraurethral. There are approximately 330 case reports are available in literature and the paraurethral site is extremely uncommon. Here, we report a case of 38-year nulliparous woman presented with complain of mass coming out of vagina as well as dyspareunia. Provisional diagnosis of anterior vaginal cyst along with the differential diagnosis of paraurethral and anterior wall vaginal leiomyoma was made. Transvaginal removal of mass was done and diagnosis of paraurethral leiomyoma was confirmed by histopathology

Fimbria-encoding Gene Yadc Has A Pleiotropic Effect On Several Biological Characteristics And Plays A Role In Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Pathogenicity

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)The extraintestinal pathogen termed avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is known to cause colibacillosis in chickens. The molecular basis of APEC pathogenesis is not fully elucidated yet. In this work, we deleted a component of the Yad gene cluster (yadC) in order to understand the role of Yad in the pathogenicity of the APEC strain SCI-07. In vitro, the transcription level of yadC was upregulated at 41 degrees C and downregulated at 22 degrees C. The yadC expression in vivo was more pronounced in lungs than in spleen, suggesting a role in the early steps of the infection. Chicks infected with the wild-type and mutant strains presented, respectively, 80% and 50% mortality rates. The Delta yadC strain presented a slightly decreased ability to adhere to HeLa cells with or without the D-mannose analog compared with the wild type. Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assays showed that fimH was downregulated (P< 0.05) and csgA and ecpA were slightly upregulated in the mutant strain, showing that yadC modulates expression of other fimbriae. Bacterial internalization studies showed that the Delta yadC strain had a lower number of intracellular bacteria recovered from Hep-2 cells and HD11 cells than the wild-type strain (P< 0.05). Motility assays in soft agar demonstrated that the Delta yadC strain was less motile than the wild type (P< 0.01). Curiously, flagellum-associated genes were not dramatically downregulated in the Delta yadC strain. Taken together, the results show that the fimbrial adhesin Yad contributes to the pathogenicity and modulates different biological characteristics of the APEC strain SCI-07.841187193Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP [2012/23289-3, 2013/09167-5, 2012/05073-3, 2012/04391-1, 2014/04860-7