Catálogo de los braquiópodos españoles del Jurásico inferior depositados en el Museo Geominero (ITGE, Madrid)

Se revisan desde el punto de vista taxonómico y bioestratigráfico los braquiópodos españoles del Jurásico Inferior que constituyen la colección del Museo Geominero. La colección está compuesta por 1102 ejemplares procedentes de 98 localidades diferentes repartidas fundamentalmente por el sector nororiental de la Península Ibérica. Se han identificado 23 géneros (10 de rinconélidos, 3 de espiriféridos y 10 de terebratúlidos) y 59 especies (24 de rinconélidos, 5 de espiriféridos y 30 de terebratúlidos)

Generación de trayectorias para un robot bípedo en fase de balanceo a partir de captura de movimiento humano

This paper proposes human motion capture to generate movements for the right leg in swing phase of a biped robot restricted to the sagittal plane -- Such movements are defined by time functions representing the desired angular positions for the joints involved -- Motion capture performed with a Microsoft Kinect TM camera and from the data obtained joint trajectories were generated to control the robot’s right leg in swing phase -- The proposed control law is a hybrid strategy; the first strategy is based on a computed torque control to track reference trajectories, and the second strategy is based on time scaling control ensuring the robot’s balance -- This work is a preliminary study to generate humanoid robot trajectories from motion captureEn este trabajo se propone la captura de movimiento humano para generar movimientos de la pierna derecha en fase de oscilación de un robot bípedo restringido al plano sagital -- Estos movimientos son definidos mediante funciones de tiempo que representan las posiciones angulares deseadas para las articulaciones involucradas -- La captura de movimiento realiza con un sensor Kinect TM y a partir de los datos obtenidos se generaron trayectorias articulares para controlar la pierna derecha del robot en la fase de balanceo -- La ley de control propuesta es una estrategia híbrida; la primera estrategia se basa en un control por par calculado para realizar un seguimiento de trayectorias de referencia, y la segunda estrategia se basa en un control por escalado de tiempo para garantizar el equilibrio del robot -- Este trabajo es un estudio preliminar para generar trayectorias de robots humanoides a partir de captura de movimient

Implementation of a low cost prototype for electrical impedance tomography based on the integrated circuit for body composition measurement AFE4300

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a technique of image reconstruction of the electrical conductivity distribution in a tissue or region under observation. An electrical system for EIT comprises complex hardware and software modules, which are designed for a specific application which requires that the system to be able to detect conductivity variations within the study object. The Front-End for body composition measurement, AFE4300 from Texas Instruments allows a minimal implementation of an electrical impedance tomography system. It is the main device in the development of the EIT system presented in this paper, this device injects the current signal and measures the tensions generated on the study region boundary by 8 electrodes, the image reconstruction software was developed on the National Instruments platform Labview. The system includes a microcontroller PIC16F886 to configure the 8 channels for the definition of the patterns of injection and measurement of signals, also defines the current signal frequency and the bluetooth communication with the computer for the image reconstruction. The developed system was validated by a planar resistive phantom (CardiffEIT phantom), obtaining a stable voltage measurement every 50 ms per pair of electrodes, and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) maximum of 71.8 dB, for a current signal of 50 kHz. Additionally, tests were carried out in a saline tank with a concentration of 4 g/L, the developed system can simultaneously estimate the presence of conductive and non-conductive disturbances into the tank. CopyrightPeer ReviewedPostprint (published version

El cuidado de enfermería: una visión integradora en tiempos de crisis

Nowadays, there exist several organizations of humanitarian movements all over the world which try to fight against the dehumanization expressions; however there still exists the presence of situations which are the reasons of pain in the world. That is why we must construct a better and civilized world in which people worries about the quality of life instead of accumulating statistical numbers .Care is a common feature of all human beings. Therefore, human care is recognized as a universal concept, inherent in humanity. Heidegger, the philosopher for excellence of care, recognizes that this is "an ontological constitution that is always underlying to all what the human beings begin, project and make." Nursing as a profession of social nature tries that its staff , under an humanistic perspective , helps the person interested in care to reinforce his /her abilities and /or to minimize imbalances in her /his state of health .That is why it recognizes the human beings as a complex , mysterious and structured in several dimensions being that range from the organic to the spiritual, from the tangible to the intangible , including the social and historical aspect , which defines it as a being of permanent relationships with himself and the world. Under this point of view, nursing tries to recognize that the cared person is a unique entity which has attributes such as: awareness, intellect, dignity, emotions, feelings and knowledge. Therefore, the nursing care assumes a comprehensive and humanistic dimension of the human being whose subjectivity is structured by his experiences ,meanings , feelings , emotions , intuitions ,and reasoning .Existen diversas organizaciones y movimientos humanitarios a nivel mundial que tratan de luchar contra las expresiones de deshumanización, sin embargo continúa la presencia de situaciones que son causas de dolor en el mundo, por lo que debemos constituir una sociedad para que el mundo sea civilizado, vivir por la calidad de vida y no por acumular cifras estadísticas. El cuidado es una característica común de todos los seres vivos. Por consiguiente, el cuidado humano se  reconoce como un concepto universal, inherente a la humanidad. Heidegger,  el filósofo por excelencia del cuidado, reconoce que éste  es “una constitución ontológica, siempre subyacente a todo lo que el ser humano emprende, proyecta y hace”. Enfermería como profesión de naturaleza social intenta que su personal, bajo una óptica humanista, ayude a la persona solicitante  del cuidado a reforzar  potencialidades y/o minimizar desequilibrios en su estado de salud, por ello reconoce al ser humano como  un ser complejo, misterioso, estructurado por  diversas dimensiones que van de lo orgánico a lo espiritual, de lo tangible  a lo intangible; con inclusión del  aspecto social e histórico, que lo define como un ser de interrelaciones permanentes consigo mismo y el mundo. Bajo esta perspectiva, en enfermería, se procura reconocer que la persona cuidada es una entidad única, poseedora de atributos: conciencia, intelecto, dignidad, emociones, sentimientos y saberes,  por lo tanto, el cuidado en enfermería  asume una dimensión humanista y comprensiva  del ser, cuya subjetividad está estructurada por sus vivencias y significados, sentimientos, emociones, intuiciones, razonamientos.

Diversidad de Anolis (Lacertilia:Dactyloidae) en bosque pluvial tropical, del Chocó- Colombia

Objective: To determine the diversity of Anolis, in areas of tropical rainforest in the area of influence of the Environmental Station of Alto San Juan, municipality of Tadó, Chocó - Colombia. Materials and methods: to carry out this research, the method of visual encounter survey (Visual Encounter Survey “VES”) was used, in relation to these three plant coverings were selected. Result: The genus Anolis is made up of seven species, of which the most representative for its abundance were Anolis chloris with 49.7% (N: 35), Anolis notopholis with 24.6% (N: 18) and Anolis maculiventris with 17.8% (N: 13). Zone 3 (Forest) with seven species, with three exclusives (A. lyra, A. granuliceps and A. latifrons), followed by Zone 2 (Ecotona) with four species, with an exclusive (A. anchicayae). The forest zone presented the best equity values (H`: 1,371). The ecotone presented a higher equity value (J ’= 0.86). The Pielou index for the three zones predicts an almost normal distribution of the individuals in the evaluated zones. Charm to dominance the highest record was obtained in the management area. Conclusiones: The vegetation cover, which is subject to constant intervention by different management processes, turned out to be the one that best offers attributes so that populations can be favored, since Anolis chloris, A. notopholis and A maculiventris, presented a good representativeness in terms of relative abundance in this disturbed area.Objetivo: Determinar la diversidad de Anolis, en zonas de bosque pluvial tropical en la zona de influencia de la Estación Ambiental del Alto San Juan, municipio de Tadó, Chocó – Colombia. Materiales y métodos: para realizar esta investigación se utilizó el método de relevamiento por encuentros visuales (Visual Encounter Survey “VES”), en relación con estos se seleccionaron tres coberturas vegetales. Resultado: El género Anolis lo constituyen siete especies, de las cuales las más representativas por su abundancia fueron Anolis chloris con 49.7% (N: 35), Anolis notopholis con 24.6% (N: 18) y Anolis maculiventris con 17.8% (N: 13). La Zona 3 (Bosque) con siete especies, con tres exclusivas (A. lyra, A. granuliceps y A. latifrons), seguida la Zona 2 (Ecotona) con cuatro especies, con una exclusiva (A. anchicayae). La zona de bosque presento los mejores valores de equidad (H`: 1.371), El ecotono presentó mayor valor de equidad (J’=0.86). El índice de Pielou para las tres zonas predice una distribución casi normal de los individuos en las zonas evaluadas. Encanto a la dominancia el mayor registro se obtuvo en el área de gestión. Conclusiones: La cobertura vegetal, que está sujeta a constante intervención por diferentes procesos de gestión, resulto ser la que mejor ofrece atributos para que poblaciones puedan resultar favorecidas, ya que Anolis chloris, A. notopholis y A maculiventris, presentaron una buena representatividad en términos de abundancia relativa en esta área perturbada.  O presente estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de determinar a diversidade de Anolis, em áreas de floresta tropical úmida na área de influência da Estação Ambiental de Alto San Juan, município de Tadó, Chocó - Colômbia, para realizar esta investigação, a método de pesquisa para encontros visuais (Visual Encounter Survey "VES"), em relação a estes, três coberturas vegetais foram selecionadas; onde Anolis é representado por sete espécies de que o mais representativo para a sua abundância estavam Anolis chloris com 49,7% (N: 35), Anolis notopholis 24,6% (N: 18) e Anolis maculiventris com 17,8% ( N: 13). Zona 3 (Floresta) com sete espécies, sendo três exclusivas (A. lyra, A. granuliceps e A. latifrons), seguidas pela Zona 2 (Ecotona) com quatro espécies, sendo uma exclusiva (A. anchicayae). A zona florestal apresentou os melhores valores de equidade (H`: 1,371), sendo que o ecótono apresentou o maior valor patrimonial (J '= 0,86). O índice de Pielou para as três zonas prevê uma distribuição quase normal dos indivíduos nas áreas avaliadas. Charme para o domínio o registro mais elevada foi obtida na área de gestão, os resultados dizem-nos que a cobertura vegetal, que está sujeita a intervenção constante por diferentes processos de gestão, provaram ser as melhores ofertas de atributos que as populações podem ser favorecidos, desde Anolis chloris, A. notopholis e A maculiventris, mostraram boa representatividade em termos de abundância relativa nesta área perturbada

SOCIAL DAMAGE AND THE NEED FOR THE FIGURE OF THE SOCIAL ACTOR

The acts of corruption of public officials in Peru generate damages to supra-individual interests, because the right to "social welfare" of the citizens is violated (art. 44 of the Constitution) which the State guarantees, and therefore the obligation to compensate arises (art. 35 of the United Nations Convention Against Corruption), and to determine who would intervene as a legitimate subject would be the anti-corruption public prosecutor, in such a way that the violated interest that only has a diffuse existence and not in the individuality of the persons is guaranteed