3D Flower-Like Hierarchitectures Constructed by SnS/SnS 2

Sn chalcogenides, including SnS, Sn2S3, and SnS2, have been extensively studied as anode materials for lithium batteries. In order to obtain one kind of high capacity, long cycle life lithium batteries anode materials, three-dimensional (3D) flower-like hierarchitectures constructed by SnS/SnS2 heterostructure nanosheets with thickness of ~20 nm have been synthesized via a simple one-pot solvothermal method. The obtained samples exhibit excellent electrochemical performance as anode for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), which deliver a first discharge capacity of 1277 mAhg−1 and remain a reversible capacity up to 500 mAhg−1 after 50 cycles at a current of 100 mAg−1

Mitochondrial genome sequence comparisons indicate that the elephant louse Haematomyzus elephantis (Piaget, 1869) contains cryptic species

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Annotated mitochondrial genome sequences of the African savanna elephant lice produced in the current study are available in GenBank (accession numbers OQ834926-OQ834934; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genbank/); raw Illumina sequence data are available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database (BioProject accession number PRJNA1021748). Genomic sequence reads of an Asian elephant louse (SRR5308122) and transcriptomic sequence reads of an Asian elephant louse (SRR2051491) are available in the SRA database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra).SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL S1. PCR primers used to amplify the mitochondrial genes or minichromosomes of the African savanna elephant louse.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL S2. Mitochondrial cox1 gene sequence divergence between closely related congeneric species of parasitic lice.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL S3. The fully sequenced S2-R-nad4L-M-G-nad3 mitochondrial minichromosome of African savanna elephant louse (RS460). trnG, trnM, trnR and trnS2 are tRNA genes for amino acids glycine, methionine, arginine and serine respectively. nad3 and nad4L are for NADH dehydrogenase subunits 3 and 4L. SKnad4LFO2 and SKnad4LRO2 are the primer pair that amplifies the entire S2-R-nad4L-M-G-nad3 minichromosome.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL S4. Mitochondrial gene sequence divergence between African (RS460) and Asian elephant lice (B1567, SRR5308122.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL S5. Mitochondrial gene sequence divergence among Asian elephant lice (B1567, SRR5308122 and SRR2051491).SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL S6. Mitochondrial cox1 gene and genome sequence divergence between African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana, GenBank accession number NC_000934) and Asian elephant (Elephas maximus, NC_005129).The parvorder Rhynchopthirina contains three currently recognised species of lice that parasitize elephants (both African savanna elephant Loxodonta africana and Asian elephant Elephas maximus), desert warthogs (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) and Red River hogs (Potamochoerus porcus), respectively. The Asian elephant lice and the African savanna elephant lice are currently treated as the same species, Haematomyzus elephantis (Piaget, 1869), based on morphology despite the fact that their hosts diverged 8.4 million years ago. In the current study, we sequenced 23 mitochondrial (mt) genes of African savanna elephant lice collected in South Africa and analysed the sequence divergence between African savanna elephant lice and previously sequenced Asian elephant lice. Sequence comparisons revealed >23% divergence for the 23 mt genes as a whole and ~17% divergence for cox1 gene between African savanna and Asian elephant lice, which were far higher than the divergence expected within a species. Furthermore, the mt gene sequence divergences between these lice are 3.76–4.6 times higher than that between their hosts, the African savanna and Asian elephants, which are expected for the co-divergence and co-evolution between lice and their elephant hosts. We conclude that (1) H. elephantis (Piaget, 1869) contains cryptic species and (2) African savanna and Asian elephant lice are different species genetically that may have co-diverged and co-evolved with their hosts.University of the Sunshine Coast.Open access publishing facilitated by University of the Sunshine Coast, as part of the Wiley - University of the Sunshine Coast agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/mvehj2024Centre for Veterinary Wildlife StudiesVeterinary Tropical DiseasesSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Association of inpatient use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers with mortality among patients with hypertension hospitalized with COVID-19

Rationale: Use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) is a major concern for clinicians treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with hypertension. Objective: To determine the association between in-hospital use of ACEI/ARB and all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Methods and Results: This retrospective, multi-center study included 1128 adult patients with hypertension diagnosed with COVID-19, including 188 taking ACEI/ARB (ACEI/ARB group; median age 64 [IQR 55-68] years; 53.2% men) and 940 without using ACEI/ARB (non-ACEI/ARB group; median age 64 [IQR 57-69]; 53.5% men), who were admitted to nine hospitals in Hubei Province, China from December 31, 2019 to February 20, 2020. Unadjusted mortality rate was lower in the ACEI/ARB group versus the non-ACEI/ARB group (3.7% vs. 9.8%; P = 0.01). In mixed-effect Cox model treating site as a random effect, after adjusting for age, gender, comorbidities, and in-hospital medications, the detected risk for all-cause mortality was lower in the ACEI/ARB group versus the non-ACEI/ARB group (adjusted HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19-0.92; P =0.03). In a propensity score-matched analysis followed by adjusting imbalanced variables in mixed-effect Cox model, the results consistently demonstrated lower risk of COVID-19 mortality in patients who received ACEI/ARB versus those who did not receive ACEI/ARB (adjusted HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.15-0.89; P = 0.03). Further subgroup propensity score-matched analysis indicated that, compared to use of other antihypertensive drugs, ACEI/ARB was also associated with decreased mortality (adjusted HR, 0.30; 95%CI, 0.12-0.70; P = 0.01) in COVID-19 patients with hypertension. Conclusions: Among hospitalized COVID-19 patients with hypertension, inpatient use of ACEI/ARB was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality compared with ACEI/ARB non-users. While study interpretation needs to consider the potential for residual confounders, it is unlikely that in-hospital use of ACEI/ARB was associated with an increased mortality risk

The Multipartite Mitochondrial Genome of Liposcelis bostrychophila: Insights into the Evolution of Mitochondrial Genomes in Bilateral Animals

Booklice (order Psocoptera) in the genus Liposcelis are major pests to stored grains worldwide and are closely related to parasitic lice (order Phthiraptera). We sequenced the mitochondrial (mt) genome of Liposcelis bostrychophila and found that the typical single mt chromosome of bilateral animals has fragmented into and been replaced by two medium-sized chromosomes in this booklouse; each of these chromosomes has about half of the genes of the typical mt chromosome of bilateral animals. These mt chromosomes are 8,530 bp (mt chromosome I) and 7,933 bp (mt chromosome II) in size. Intriguingly, mt chromosome I is twice as abundant as chromosome II. It appears that the selection pressure for compact mt genomes in bilateral animals favors small mt chromosomes when small mt chromosomes co-exist with the typical large mt chromosomes. Thus, small mt chromosomes may have selective advantages over large mt chromosomes in bilateral animals. Phylogenetic analyses of mt genome sequences of Psocodea (i.e. Psocoptera plus Phthiraptera) indicate that: 1) the order Psocoptera (booklice and barklice) is paraphyletic; and 2) the order Phthiraptera (the parasitic lice) is monophyletic. Within parasitic lice, however, the suborder Ischnocera is paraphyletic; this differs from the traditional view that each suborder of parasitic lice is monophyletic

Hoplopleura nanusa Wang 2021

Hoplopleura nanusa Wang et al., 2021a Type host: Pseudomys nanus (Gould, 1858)Published as part of Wang, Wei, Durden, Lance A. & Shao, Renfu, 2022, A new species of sucking louse (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the pale field rat, Rattus tunneyi (Rodentia: Muridae), in Australia, pp. 477-486 in Zootaxa 5091 (3) on pages 479-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/584838

Hoplopleura macrurusa Wang 2021

Hoplopleura macrurusa Wang et al., 2021b Type host: Mesembriomys macrurus (Peters, 1876)Published as part of Wang, Wei, Durden, Lance A. & Shao, Renfu, 2022, A new species of sucking louse (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the pale field rat, Rattus tunneyi (Rodentia: Muridae), in Australia, pp. 477-486 in Zootaxa 5091 (3) on page 480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/584838

Hoplopleura cornata Kim 1972

Hoplopleura cornata Kim, 1972 Type host: Rattus sordidus (Gould, 1858)Published as part of Wang, Wei, Durden, Lance A. & Shao, Renfu, 2022, A new species of sucking louse (Psocodea: Phthiraptera: Anoplura: Hoplopleuridae) from the pale field rat, Rattus tunneyi (Rodentia: Muridae), in Australia, pp. 477-486 in Zootaxa 5091 (3) on page 479, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/584838