Berkeley Freshwomen Look at Women\u27s Studies

It changed my life! students in women\u27s studies courses often say. Indeed, some surveys suggest that the feminist consciousness developed in such courses is not reversible, that it leads students to a new perception of their lives. But what are the attitudes of students who have not yet been exposed to women\u27s studies (WS) courses? Do they know what WS is about? Do they think that knowledge of the past and present lives of women in the United States and other cultures will be pertinent to their personal and professional plans? Or do they reject WS as an inappropriate field of study at an academic institution or as a fad? In Fall, 1979, I posed these and other questions to a randomly-selected group of 54 female first year students (average age of 18) at the University of California, Berkeley. I also asked them about their personal goals, their perceptions of the present situation of American women, and their opinions about the activities of the women\u27s movement. (The complete report on which this article is based is available from the Women\u27s Studies Program, University of California, Berkeley; a summary is forthcoming in Women\u27s Studies International Quarterly.

Angels of power and other reproductive creations

In the tradition of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, these writers rework images of the body. Imagination, vision and a sense of the absurd come together and demonstrate that women can resist the power of god-like scientists who long to create monsters and angels

Cyberfeminism: connectivity, critique and creativity

An international anthology of writings on cyberculture and feminist interventions. A diverse and at times fractious discussion of issues raised by these new forms of cultural expression. The contributors engage with a range of questions including: What is cyberfeminism? How does feminism influence multimedia production? What are the possibilities for feminist activism and research on the internet? How are colonisation, cybersex and virtuality to be theorised? How do these technologies affect our theories about bodies and minds? And what are the implications for creative artists

Finding the costs of freedom : how women and children rebuild their lives after domestic violence

Whilst crisis interventions for women and children experiencing domestic violence are well developed, little is known about the process of rebuilding lives, including what longer term support needs might be. Women’s organisations have lacked the resources to follow up service users. The Research Grants Programme run by the Big Lottery provided an exciting opportunity to do just that. Working in partnership with the Child and Woman Abuse Studies Unit (CWASU) at London Metropolitan University, Solace Women’s Aid successfully applied for funds that enabled us to track 100 women and their children over a three year period (2011-2014). Women were recruited into the study after exiting a range of domestic violence services provided by Solace and, through four waves of interviews, we followed their onward journeys. The overarching aims of the project were to identify: • What factors support long term settlement, how do they interrelate and at what points in the process are they particularly important? • When do obstacles to resettlement occur and how can they be overcome? • How can community resources best be developed and integrated for long term support of survivor resettlement and independence? Through a multi-layered research methodology we explored how women and children are able to grow their ‘space for action’ (Kelly, 2003) after physically removing themselves from the ‘coercive control’ (Stark, 2007) exerted by the perpetrator over their everyday lives. We also measured post-separation abuse in Wave Three, experience of services and the legal system, changes in housing situation and how their informal networks facilitated or interfered with efforts to create safety and freedom

ATP Induced Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Expression and Release from Osteoarthritis Synovial Fibroblasts Is Mediated by Purinergic Receptor P2X4

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neuromodulator involved in nociceptive hypersensitivity in the central nervous system, is also expressed in synoviocytes of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. We investigated the role of P2 purinoreceptors in the induction of BDNF expression in synovial fibroblasts (SF) of OA and RA patients. Cultured SF from patients with symptomatic knee OA and RA were stimulated with purinoreceptor agonists ATP, ADP, or UTP. The expression of BDNF mRNA was measured by quantitative TaqMan PCR. BDNF release into cell culture supernatants was monitored by ELISA. P2X4 expression in synovial tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Endogenous P2X4 expression was decreased by siRNA transfection before ATP stimulation. Kinase pathways were blocked before ATP stimulation. BDNF mRNA expression levels in OASF were increased 2 h and 5 h after ATP stimulation. Mean BDNF levels in cell culture supernatants of unstimulated OASF and RASF were 19 (±9) and 67 (±49) pg/ml, respectively. BDNF levels in SF supernatants were only elevated 5 h after ATP stimulation. BDNF mRNA expression in OASF was induced both by P2X receptor agonists ATP and ADP, but not by UTP, an agonist of P2Y purinergic receptors. The ATP-induced BDNF mRNA expression in OASF was decreased by siRNA-mediated reduction of endogenous P2X4 levels compared to scrambled controls. Inhibition of p38, but not p44/42 signalling reduced the ATP-mediated BDNF mRNA induction. Here we show a functional role of the purinergic receptor P2X4 and p38 kinase in the ATP-induced expression and release of the neurotrophin BDNF in SF

High frequencies of PMN-MDSCs are associated with low suppressive capacity in advanced stages of HIV-1 infection

Background Polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) are an immature cell type that inhibits the effector functions of T lymphocytes in chronic HIV infection. A well-known immunological feature of the disease course is the development of immune exhaustion, which is correlated with excessive immune activation in late-stage disease. Here, we hypothesized that immune exhaustion would also affect PMN-MDSCs in late-stage HIV-1 infection. Methods We evaluated untreated chronically HIV-infected patients (progressors, n = 10) and control groups (controllers, patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma and healthy controls, n = 16) with regard to levels of PMN-MDSCs and their inhibitory potential. Additionally, we studied CD8 T cell effector functions (interferon-gamma, TNF alpha, IL-2 and CD107) and parameters of CD8 T cell activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) and exhaustion (PD-1 and LAG-3) by flow cytometry. Plasma inflammation markers analyzed here were IL-6, IL-8, soluble CD14, highly sensitive CRP, and cystatin C. Results Coincubation experiments with isolated PMN-MDSCs led to a significant inhibition of CD8 T cell proliferation (p < 0.0001), with a significant correlation between PMN-MDSC frequency and suppressive capacity: the higher the frequency of PMN-MDSCs was, the lower the suppressive capacity (rho = 0.51, p = 0.0082). Stratifying all study subjects into subgroups with PMN-MDSC frequencies above or below 2.5% resulted in a significantly increased suppressive capacity in patients with frequencies below 2.5% (p = 0.021). While there was no correlation with the cellular activation markers CD38 and HLA-DR, high IL-8 levels were significantly associated with high PMN-MDSC frequencies (rho = 0.52, p = 0.0074) and low suppressive capacity (rho = 0.47, p = 0.019). Conclusions In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that PMN-MDSCs show limited effector functions in advanced disease stages of HIV infection. The hyperactive immune state is associated with this loss of function. However, we show an association with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-8, which is an important factor for the migration and adhesion of polymorphonuclear cells

Bone drilling with fiber guided excimer laser beam

Zur Ermittlung einer optimalen Parametereinstellung des Excimerlasers für die Bearbeitung von Knochengewebe, testeten wir bei drei unterschiedlichen Impulslängen den Einfluß von Austrittsenergie und Repetitionsrate auf die Ablationstiefe.An experiment is presented which shows the relationship between energy, repetition rate and pulse width to the bone ablation rate using a fiber guided excimer laser beam