Clinical aspects and detection of Zika virus RNA in several tissues of experimentally infected BALB/cAn mice / Aspectos clínicos e detecção de RNA do vírus Zika em diferentes tecidos de camundongos BALB/cAn infectados experimentalmente

Our group infected BALB/cAn mice with Zika virus to evaluate clinical signs and viral load in several tissues at three different kinetic points. We inoculated fifteen mice with a 100µl of a viral solution to collect nine different tissues, from each animal, for RNA extraction and quantification. Infections caused no lethality. Some of them, however, showed great agitation, hair bristling, and itchy skin. Viral RNA was detected in one sample of heart, eight of the spleen, and two of skeletal muscle. Seven positive detections were from the third day after infection. Only spleen yielded positive results at a later time.

Telehealth effectiveness for pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery in Brazilian public services : the Combine! Study

Introduction Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) delivery based on user needs can enhance PrEP access and impact. We examined whether telehealth for daily oral PrEP delivery could change the indicators of care related to prophylactic use in five Brazilian public HIV clinics (testing centres, outpatient clinics and infectious disease hospitals). Methods Between July 2019 and December 2020, clients on PrEP for at least 6 months could transition to telehealth or stay with in-person follow-up. Clients were clinically monitored until June 2021. A desktop or mobile application was developed, comprising three asynchronous consultations and one annual in-person consultation visit. Predictors influencing telehealth preference and care outcomes were examined. The analysis encompassed intent-to-treat (first choice) and adjustments for sexual practices, schooling, age, duration of PrEP use and PrEP status during the choice period. Results Of 470 users, 52% chose telehealth, with the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) increasing over time for PrEP use (aOR for 25–months of use: 4.90; 95% CI: 1.32–18.25), having discontinued PrEP at the time of the choice (aOR: 2.91; 95% CI: 1.40–6.06) and having health insurance (aOR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.24–2.94) and decreasing for those who reported higher-risk behaviour (aOR for unprotected anal sex: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.29–0.88). After an average follow-up period of 1.6 years (95% CI: 1.5–1.7), the risk of discontinuing PrEP (not having the medication for more than 90 days) was 34% lower with telehealth (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45–0.97). When adjusted by mixed linear regression, no differences in adherence (measured by mean medication possession rate) were found between in-person and telehealth (p = 0.486) or at pre- and post-telehealth follow-ups (p = 0.245). Sexually transmitted infections increased between the pre-follow-up and post-follow-up choices and were not associated with in-person or telehealth (p = 0.528). No HIV infections were observed. Conclusions Our findings indicate that telehealth for PrEP delivery can enhance service rationalization and reinforce the prevention cascade. This approach reduces prophylaxis interruptions and is mainly preferred by individuals with lower demands for healthcare services

Avaliação de diferentes coletores de fluido oral para detecção de anticorpos contra o vírus da Hepatite A, e sua aplicação em áreas difícil acesso

Submitted by Repositório Arca ([email protected]) on 2019-07-02T18:37:06Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) renata_santos_ioc_mest_2011.pdf: 2258096 bytes, checksum: 265950e988bcc5e74640d1be4f4c00fa (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Dinelis ([email protected]) on 2019-09-23T17:50:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_santos_ioc_mest_2011.pdf: 2258096 bytes, checksum: 265950e988bcc5e74640d1be4f4c00fa (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-09-23T17:50:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_santos_ioc_mest_2011.pdf: 2258096 bytes, checksum: 265950e988bcc5e74640d1be4f4c00fa (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Uma estratégia adotada por diferentes países para a redução no número de casos novos de hepatite A é a vacinação. No entanto, o mosaico no perfil epidemiológico da doença no Brasil tem dificultado o estabelecimento de um programa nacional de vacinação unificado. Para determinação de políticas nacionais de vacinação, os resultados de estudos epidemiológicos precisam ser cuidadosamente considerados. E para este monitoramento epidemiológico, a utilização do fluido oral é de grande relevância devido à característica indolor e não-invasiva da coleta. Atualmente, existem vários métodos disponíveis para coleta de fluido oral. Contudo, poucos estudos investigam qual o coletor ideal para detecção de baixos títulos de anticorpos e seu uso em áreas de difícil acesso. Por tais razões, o presente estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação de diferentes coletores de fluido oral para detecção da resposta imune humoral contra o vírus da hepatite A e sua aplicação em estudo epidemiológico em áreas de difícil acesso. Para isto, 90 amostras pareadas de soro e fluido oral foram coletadas de voluntários com diferente estado imunitário em condições ideais de coleta (painel de otimização); e 224 amostras pareadas coletadas em áreas de difícil acesso (estudo epidemiológico) O soro foi coletado por punção venosa e o fluido oral foi obtido utilizando 3 dispositivos comerciais: Salivette®, OraSure® e ChemBio®. Soro e fluido oral foram submetidos a um imunoblot comercial (ImmunoComb® II HAVAb) para detecção de anticorpos anti-HAV totais. O painel de otimização demonstrou que o coletor de fluido oral com melhor desempenho foi o ChemBio® (100% de concordância), seguido pelo Orasure® (95,4%) e pelo Salivette® (90,8%). Posteriormente, o coletor com melhor desempenho, ChemBio® foi avaliado sob condições precárias de armazenagem. A prevalência geral para amostras de soro e fluido oral foi semelhante, 80,8% e 79%, respectivamente. Os dados por faixa etária demonstraram uma forte tendência do aumento da infecção pelo HAV de acordo com o aumento da idade e revelou, tanto no soro quanto no fluido oral, que 50% dos indivíduos entre 0-10 anos estão susceptíveis à infecção. Um acompanhamento dessas amostras foi realizado para avaliar a estabilidade do fluido oral, e foi observado que 210 dias após a coleta foi possível detectar anticorpos anti-HAV. Com isso, podemos concluir que tal método pode ser utilizado na avaliação do estado imunitário de indivíduos em áreas isoladas ou em populações urbanas, orientando a realização de estudos epidemiológicos e auxiliando no estabelecimento de um programa de controle da doença, bem como a seleção dos grupos etários candidatos a receber a vacina contra hepatite A.A strategy adopted by different countries to reduce the number of new cases of hepatitis A is the vaccination. However, the mosaic of the disease epidemiological profile in Brazil has hampered the establishment of a unified national vaccination program. For the determination of national vaccination policies, the results of epidemiological studies need to be carefully considered. And for this epidemiological monitoring, the use of oral fluid is very important due to the characteristic painless and non invasive collection. Currently, there are several methods available to collect oral fluid. However, there are few studies investigating what is the optimal device to detect low antibody levels and its use in difficult access areas. For these reasons, the present study aimed to evaluate different oral fluid collection devices to detect humoral immune response against hepatitis A virus and its application in epidemiological studies in difficult-access areas. Therefore, 90 paired serum and oral fluid samples were collected from volunteers with different immune status, under ideal conditions of collection (optimization panel); and 224 paired samples collected in difficult access areas (epidemiological study). Serum was collected by venipuncture and the oral fluid was obtained using three commercial devices: Salivette®, OraSure® and Chembio®. Serum and oral fluid were submitted to a commercial immunoblot (ImmunoComb® II HAVAb) to detect total anti-HAV antibodies. The optimization panel demonstrated that the oral fluid collection device Chembio ® (100% agreement) had the best performance, followed by OraSure® (95.4%) and Salivette® (90.8%). Then, the best collection device, Chembio®, was evaluated under precarious conditions of collection. The overall prevalence of serum and oral fluid were similar, 80.8% and 79% respectively. The data by age group showed a trend of HAV infection according to age and revealed that 50% of individuals aged between 0-10 years are susceptible to HAV infection in both serum and oral fluid samples. A follow-up of these samples was performed to evaluate the stability of oral fluid, and it was observed that 210 days after the collection it was possible to detect anti-HAV antibodies. Thus, we conclude that this method can be used in assessing the immune status of individuals in isolated areas or in urban populations, guiding the conduct of epidemiological studies and assisting in establishing a program to control the disease as well as the selection of age groups condidate to receive the hepatitis A vaccine

Estudo do polimorfismo genético do vírus e do hospedeiro na Hepatite A aguda e fulminante

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-11T13:02:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 renata_santos_ioc_dout_2015.pdf: 7837974 bytes, checksum: c24ab8fc73c62397ef3bd2693164b4de (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilNa infecção pelo vírus da hepatite A, a maioria dos pacientes desenvolvem uma doença branda ou assintomática. No entanto, alguns pacientes podem progredir para uma doença mais grave que é caracterizada pela rápida degradação do fígado, coagulopatia e encefalopatia hepática, conhecida como falência hepática aguda (ALF). A infecção pelo HAV se apresenta como uma interação dinâmica entre fatores do vírus e do hospedeiro que em conjunto é responsável pela diversidade no desfecho clínico da doença. Apresentações incomuns de infecções prevalentes foram muitas vezes atribuídas a fatores específicos do hospedeiro. Estudos de associações genômicas (GWAS) provaram ser uma ótima abordagem na identificação de alelos de risco que estão relacionados a tais síndromes. Neste estudo, 31 variações nucleotídicas humanas, incluindo variações de um único nucleotídeo (SNP) e inserções, associadas à infecção pelo HAV foram caracterizadas numa coorte com casos clássicos e de ALF. Todos os casos de hepatite A foram identificados pelo PCR em tempo real otimizado para a região 5' não codificante do HAV A população amostral dos GWAS consistiu em indivíduos expostos a surtos intradomiciliares e casos esporádicos de hepatite A no Brasil. Ao todo 321 amostras foram coletadas das quais 164 foram utilizadas nos estudos de variabilidade genética do hospedeiro. As análises de \201Codds ratio\201De \201Cdata mining\201D sugeriram que os SNPs INFL3 rs rs8099917, TGFbeta1 rs1800469, ABCB1 rs1045642, IL10 rs1800871 (IL10b), TNF\2013alpha rs1799964 (TNF\2013alpha a), TNF\2013alpha rs1800630 (TNF\2013alpha b) foram significantemente associados à gravidade da doença. Muitas das variantes identificadas neste estudo estão relacionadas a genes importantes na patofisiologia da infecção pelo HAV. Entender como os fatores do hospedeiro influenciam a resposta imune à infecção viral fornece novas oportunidades para controlar esta doença e o desenvolvimento de terapêuticas eficientesDuring hepatitis A virus infection, most patients develop mild or asymptomatic disease. However, some patients can progress to a serious, life\2013threatening disease characterized by rapid deterioration of the liver, hepatic encephalopathy, and coagulopathy known as acute liver failure (ALF). HAV infection features a dynamic interplay of viral and host factors that in conjunction are responsible for the range of disease outcomes. Unusual presentations of prevalent infections have often been attributed to host\2013specific factors. Genome\2013wide association study (GWAS) has proven to be a powerful approach for identifying risk alleles that underlie such syndromes. In this study, thirty one human nucleotide variations, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and insertions, associated with HAV infection were characterized in a cohort of ALF and classical HAV cases. All hepatitis A cases were identified by optimized real\2013time PCR for HAV 5' non\2013coding region. GWAS sample population consisted in individuals exposed to an intradomiciliary outbreak and sporadic cases of hepatitis A in Brazil Altogether 321 samples were collected of which 164 were placed into host genetic variability study. Odds ratio and data mining analysis suggested that INFL3 rs rs8099917, TGFbeta1 rs1800469, ABCB1 rs1045642, IL10 rs1800871 (IL10b), TNF\2013alpha rs1799964 (TNF\2013alpha a), TNF\2013alpha rs1800630 (TNF\2013alpha b) SNPs were significant associated with severe hepatitis A outcome. Several of the variants identified in this genome\2013wide study lie within genes important to hepatic pathophysiology for hepatitis A virus infection. Understanding how the host factor influences the immune response to viral infection provides new opportunities to control this disease and for the development of effective therapeutic

Evidence of Hepatitis A Virus Person-to-Person Transmission in Household Outbreaks

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:08:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1914 bytes, checksum: 7d48279ffeed55da8dfe2f8e81f3b81f (MD5) lyana_limaetal_IOCF_2014.pdf: 258584 bytes, checksum: 8921c0e6cc509e5f7067267e25b3043e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Hospital Universitário Gaffrée Guinle. Setor de Hematologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Ambulatório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.The person-to-person transmission of the hepatitis A virus primarily occurs in enclosed spaces, particularly in the presence of inadequate hygiene conditions and a high proportion of susceptible individuals. Thus, intimate family contact stands out as a risk factor for HAV infection dissemination. The present study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of household HAV transmission. Blood samples were collected from patients with hepatitis A (index cases) and their family members (contacts) that were referred to an ambulatory care clinic specializing in viral hepatitis. A total of 97 samples were collected from 30 families with a confirmed hepatitis A case (index case). Serological and molecular techniques for the diagnosis of hepatitis A were conducted on all samples. HAV infection (anti-HAV IgM + and/or HAV RNA +) was detected in 34.3% (23/67) of the contacts; 34.3% (23/67) of the contacts were immune to HAV, and 31.4% (21/67) were susceptible. In the household contacts, HAV immunity was significantly associated with older age; susceptibility to infection and HAV infection were associated with younger age. Household outbreaks were detected in 16/30 families studied. Co-circulation of subgenotypes IA and IB was found in the household outbreaks, and person-to-person transmission was evidenced in six of the household outbreaks, with 100% homology between the index case and contact strains. The results demonstrated the relevance of HAV household transmission, reaffirming the need for hepatitis A vaccine administration in susceptible contacts and effective infection control procedures to prevent the extension of household outbreaks

Could oral fluid be used to evaluate anti-hepatitis A virus status in individuals living in difficult-to-access areas?

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-01-17T16:08:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luciane_amado_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 242631 bytes, checksum: 3d99a889c14ab3b36274089b0fcbf098 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-01-17T16:15:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luciane_amado_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 242631 bytes, checksum: 3d99a889c14ab3b36274089b0fcbf098 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-17T16:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luciane_amado_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 242631 bytes, checksum: 3d99a889c14ab3b36274089b0fcbf098 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Departamento de Farmácia Bioquímica. Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.A strategy adopted by different countries to reduce the number of new cases of hepatitis A is the vaccination. However, the mosaic of the epidemiological profile in developing countries has hampered the establishment of a unified nationwide vaccination program. To determinate national vaccination policies, the results of epidemiological studies need to be carefully considered. For this monitoring, the use of oral fluid is very important due to the painless and non invasive collection characteristics. There are few studies investigating which oral fluid collection device is optimal to detect low antibody levels and its use in selecting individuals for vaccination. So, the present study aimed to evaluate different oral fluid collection devices to detect humoral immune response against hepatitis A virus and its application in epidemiological studies. Therefore, 90 matched serum and oral fluid samples were collected from volunteers with different immune status, under ideal conditions of collection (optimization panel); and 224 matched samples in difficult-to-access areas (epidemiological study). Serum was collected by venipuncture and the oral fluid was obtained using three commercial devices: Salivette(®), OraSure(®) and ChemBio(®). Serum and oral fluid were submitted to a commercial immunoblot to detect total anti-HAV antibodies. The optimization panel demonstrated that ChemBio(®) device had the best performance (100% agreement), followed by OraSure(®) (95.4%) and Salivette(®) (90.8%). The optimal collection device (ChemBio(®)), tested in a difficult-to-access area and evaluated under precarious conditions of collection, showed similar prevalence of total anti-HAV between serum and oral fluid, 80.8% and 79%, respectively. A follow-up was performed to evaluate the stability of oral fluid and it was observed that 210 days after the collection it was possible to detect anti-HAV antibodies. Oral fluid can be used to detect low levels of specific-antibody, being important to select age groups to be vaccinated. Therewith, the choice of proper collection device is essential to evaluate HAV antibodies in the epidemiological scenario

Cross-Sectional Study of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in the Pantanal Population before Vaccine Implementation in Brazil: Usage of Non-Invasive Specimen Collection

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-10T16:57:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 renata_tourinho_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 875801 bytes, checksum: 300f632afb422351996500d188b06069 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-10T17:10:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 renata_tourinho_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 875801 bytes, checksum: 300f632afb422351996500d188b06069 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-10T17:10:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 renata_tourinho_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 875801 bytes, checksum: 300f632afb422351996500d188b06069 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Hepatites Virais. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Departamento de Farmácia Bioquímica. Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Departamento de Farmácia Bioquímica. Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Departamento de Farmácia Bioquímica. Campo Grande, MS, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Virologia. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Population-based prevalence studies are essential tools for screening of hepatitis A and provide important data on susceptible groups. However, surveillance in isolated communities is difficult because of the limited access to these areas and the need for blood sample collection. This study aimed to determine the anti-HAV prevalence using oral fluid samples to provide an alternative tool for epidemiological studies that might be useful for vaccination-related decisions. The study population was composed of 224 volunteers from South Pantanal, aged 3 to 86 years old. This study was performed using oral fluids, previously standardized for anti-HAV antibody detection, which were collected using a ChemBio device. Eluates were tested using modified commercial EIA to detect anti-HAV antibodies. The overall prevalence was 79.1%, corresponding to 178 reactive EIA tests out of 224 samples. The age stratified data revealed a prevalence of 47.8% between 0-10 years, 84% in 11-20 years and 91.9% in subjects older than 21 years. Results indicate that hepatitis A prevalence was higher in adolescents and adults, corroborating the literature reports. Thus, oral fluid samples could replace serum in HAV epidemiological studies in isolated communities as they are efficient at detecting anti-HAV antibodies

Demographic, clinic and laboratory data.

<p>Demographic, clinic and laboratory data.</p

Nucleotide similarity matrix between HAV isolates obtained in serum samples from individuals involved in the household outbreaks.

<p>Nucleotide similarity matrix between HAV isolates obtained in serum samples from individuals involved in the household outbreaks.</p

Phylogenetic analysis of 39 HAV isolates based on 168 nucleotides of VP1/2A (position 3024–3191), constructed by the method of Maximum Likelihood.

<p>The value of bootstrap was calculated from 2,000 replicates. Strains marked by symbols refer to families who had isolates with high nucleotide identity.</p