ANÁLISE SOCIOECONÔMICA DE AGRICULTORES DA COMUNIDADE QUILOMBOLA DO ABACATAL, ANANINDEUA, ESTADO DO PARÁ, BRASIL

The remnants of quilombolas form an ethnic and cultural group organized under a logic of extractive and agricultural economy coupled with the conception of common use of natural resources. This article evaluates the socio-economic and productive aspects of the quilombola community of Abacatal, Ananindeua, State of Pará. A field research was done using questionnaires with 39 workers. The results indicate that most farmers were born in the community, and have a low level of education, no higher than incomplete fundamental schooling. The families’ monthly income are low and supplemented by income transfer from the Federal Government. The residences have a good infrastructure, but the sanitation conditions are poor. Agricultural practices are traditional and have low-level technology, being developed in small areas. The main activity is fruit culture in 53.8%of the production units. Commercialization is done in a farmers’ market in Ananindeua. The access to services of technical assistance, rural extension and rural credit is incipient and restricts innovations in agricultural procedures. Near the urban center of Ananindeua, it suggests a need for alternative models of agriculture that permit to take advantage of market opportunities, but that respect local traditions and environmental conditions. The strengthening of the social capital and institutional actions constitute fundamental elements for sustainability of agriculture in this quilombola community.Keywords: Family agriculture; traditional communities; systems of production; social organization; Amazon.Os remanescentes de quilombos constituem grupo étnico e cultural organizado sob uma lógica de economia extrativista e agrícola combinada à concepção de uso comum dos recursos naturais. Neste artigo analisam-se os aspectos socioeconômicos e produtivos da comunidade quilombola do Abacatal, Ananindeua, estado do Pará. Foi realizada pesquisa de campo por meio de aplicação de questionários estruturados com 39 produtores. Os resultados indicam que a maioria nasceu na própria comunidade e possuem baixo nível de escolaridade, predominando o ensino fundamental incompleto. Os rendimentos mensais são baixos e complementados pelas políticas de transferência de renda do Governo Federal. As residências possuem boa infraestrutura, mas as condições gerais de saneamento ainda são precárias. As práticas agrícolas são tradicionais e de baixo nível tecnológico, sendo desenvolvidas em pequenas áreas. A principal atividade é a fruticultura desenvolvida em 53,8% das unidades de produção. A comercialização é realizada na feira do produtor em Ananindeua. O acesso aos serviços de assistência técnica, extensão rural e ao crédito rural é incipiente e limita inovações nas práticas agrícolas. A proximidade com o centro urbano de Ananindeua sugere a necessidade de modelos alternativos de agricultura que permitam aproveitar as oportunidades de mercado, mas que respeitem as tradições e as condições ambientais da localidade. O fortalecimento do capital social e de ações institucionais constitui elementos fundamentais para a sustentabilidade da agricultura nessa comunidade quilombola.Palavras-chave: agricultura familiar, comunidades tradicionais, sistemas de produção, organização social, Amazônia

METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: UM ESTUDO SISTEMÁTICO E CRÍTICO

Youth and adult education (EJA) plays a crucial role in promoting educational equality and empowering individuals to deal with contemporary social and economic challenges. In this systematic and critical study, we investigated the main teaching methodologies used in EJA, analyzing their effectiveness, challenges and contributions to the educational process of these students. Through a comprehensive literature review, we identify different pedagogical approaches, including Andragogy, Popular Education, Project Pedagogy, and other relevant strategies, and explore their implications for adult learning. The critical analysis highlighted the importance of considering the specific characteristics of the EJA audience, such as life experiences, individual needs and socioeconomic contexts, when implementing teaching methodologies. We note that although several approaches have proven to be effective in promoting active participation and engagement among adult learners, important challenges remain, such as the lack of adequate resources, the social stigma associated with late education, and the need to adapt teaching methods. to contemporary demands. Based on the critical review, we emphasize the importance of flexible, learner-centered approaches that take into account the diversity of adult learners' experiences and contexts. We propose an integrative approach that combines aspects of Andragogy and Project Pedagogy, aiming to promote autonomy, relevance and practical applicability of the knowledge acquired in EJA. This study seeks to contribute to the improvement of educational practices in EJA, encouraging the implementation of more appropriate and practical teaching methodologies to meet the specific needs of this diverse and sonorous audience.A educação de jovens e adultos (EJA) desempenha um papel crucial na promoção da igualdade educacional e na capacitação de indivíduos para lidar com os desafios sociais e econômicos contemporâneos. Neste estudo sistemático e crítico, investigamos as principais metodologias de ensino utilizadas na EJA, analisando sua eficácia, desafios e contribuições para o processo educacional desses alunos. Por meio de uma revisão abrangente da literatura, identificamos diferentes abordagens pedagógicas, incluindo a Andragogia, a Educação Popular, a Pedagogia de Projetos e outras estratégias relevantes, e exploramos suas implicações na aprendizagem de adultos. A análise crítica destacou a importância de considerar as características específicas do público da EJA, como experiências de vida, necessidades individuais e contextos socioeconômicos, ao implementar as metodologias de ensino. Observamos que, embora várias abordagens tenham demonstrado ser eficazes na promoção da participação ativa e no envolvimento dos alunos adultos, ainda persistem desafios importantes, como a falta de recursos adequados, o estigma social associado à educação tardia e a necessidade de adaptação dos métodos de ensino às demandas contemporâneas. Com base na revisão crítica, enfatizamos a importância de abordagens flexíveis e centradas no aluno, que levem em consideração a diversidade de experiências e contextos dos alunos adultos. Propomos uma abordagem integrativa que combina aspectos da Andragogia e da Pedagogia de Projetos, visando promover a autonomia, a relevância e a aplicabilidade prática do conhecimento adquirido na EJA. Este estudo busca contribuir para o aprimoramento das práticas educacionais na EJA, incentivando a implementação de metodologias de ensino mais adequadas e práticas para atender às necessidades específicas desse público diversificado e sonoro

Ametropias em pacientes diagnosticados com infecção congênita por uma das TORCH

 Existem doenças que cursam com alterações oftalmológicas devidos doenças de transmissão vertical. Elas são conhecidas pelo acrônimo TORCH (Toxoplasmose, Outros, Rubéola, Citomegalovírus e Herpes) e seu rastreio está indicado em todas as gestantes que acompanham o pré-natal regularmente, pelo risco de infecção e, subsequentemente, ação teratogênica que impacta no crescimento fetal. Dessa forma, a detecção precoce das TORCH é de extrema relevância na população pediátrica, pois quando há o rastreamento no início da doença, é possível traçar medidas de intervenção que possibilitam acomodação da visão e maior qualidade de vida.  Dado o exposto, o objetivo do presente estudo é descrever, por meio de revisão de literatura, as alterações refracionais decorrentes de infecção congênita por uma das TORCH (toxoplasmose. rubéola, citomegalovírus, herpes, zika e sífilis)

Building an antimicrobial stewardship program: A narrative of six years under the Donabedian perspective

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing and represents one of the world’s major challenges. AMR increase morbimortality, length of hospital stay and costs. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) are one of the key strategies to promote the rational use of antimicrobials since AMR is mostly driven by antimicrobial consumption.Objective: To describe the ASP implementation in a teaching hospital from the perspective of Donabedian quality assessment and the Brazilian regulatory requirements.Method: This was a descriptive study with secondary data collection, including document review of the ASP. The study setting was a general public 392-bed hospital. The ASP activities were performed by the hospital infection control committee (HICC), hospital pharmacy (HP) and diagnostic support laboratory (DSL). The description of the three services mainly involved in the ASP was based on a quality assessment model involving the dimensions of “structure”, “process” and “result” proposed by Donabedian. The distribution among dimensions was guided by the checklist of essential elements of the ASP that compose the Brazilian regulatory requirements. The checklist was applied in July, 2022, and the ASP results described from 2016 to 2021.Results: ASP actions have been gradually implemented since 2008 with the implementation of HICC and improved over the years. Regarding structure, the investments in technology were mapped, quantifying 26 computers and three software programs employed to computerize the ASP processes performed in specific physical areas by HICC, HP and DSL. Institutional guidelines used by HICC, HP and DSL guided clinical practices to operationalize ASP. The evaluation metrics improved for 10 indicators and worsened for four indicators. From the 60 items composing the checklist, the hospital met the requirements in 73.3% of the items (n = 44).Conclusion: This study described the implementation of ASP in a teaching hospital, applying the Donabedian perspective. Although the hospital still does not have a classic ASP model, there were investments to improve structure, processes and results, aiming to comply with international guidelines. A high proportion of key elements of ASP in the hospital were followed according to the Brazilian regulatory requirements. Aspects related to antimicrobial consumption and the emergence of microbial resistance deserve further investigations

DataSheet1_Building an antimicrobial stewardship program: A narrative of six years under the Donabedian perspective.pdf

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing and represents one of the world’s major challenges. AMR increase morbimortality, length of hospital stay and costs. Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASP) are one of the key strategies to promote the rational use of antimicrobials since AMR is mostly driven by antimicrobial consumption.Objective: To describe the ASP implementation in a teaching hospital from the perspective of Donabedian quality assessment and the Brazilian regulatory requirements.Method: This was a descriptive study with secondary data collection, including document review of the ASP. The study setting was a general public 392-bed hospital. The ASP activities were performed by the hospital infection control committee (HICC), hospital pharmacy (HP) and diagnostic support laboratory (DSL). The description of the three services mainly involved in the ASP was based on a quality assessment model involving the dimensions of “structure”, “process” and “result” proposed by Donabedian. The distribution among dimensions was guided by the checklist of essential elements of the ASP that compose the Brazilian regulatory requirements. The checklist was applied in July, 2022, and the ASP results described from 2016 to 2021.Results: ASP actions have been gradually implemented since 2008 with the implementation of HICC and improved over the years. Regarding structure, the investments in technology were mapped, quantifying 26 computers and three software programs employed to computerize the ASP processes performed in specific physical areas by HICC, HP and DSL. Institutional guidelines used by HICC, HP and DSL guided clinical practices to operationalize ASP. The evaluation metrics improved for 10 indicators and worsened for four indicators. From the 60 items composing the checklist, the hospital met the requirements in 73.3% of the items (n = 44).Conclusion: This study described the implementation of ASP in a teaching hospital, applying the Donabedian perspective. Although the hospital still does not have a classic ASP model, there were investments to improve structure, processes and results, aiming to comply with international guidelines. A high proportion of key elements of ASP in the hospital were followed according to the Brazilian regulatory requirements. Aspects related to antimicrobial consumption and the emergence of microbial resistance deserve further investigations.</p