Energy-Efficient Flow Scheduling and Routing with Hard Deadlines in Data Center Networks

The power consumption of enormous network devices in data centers has emerged as a big concern to data center operators. Despite many traffic-engineering-based solutions, very little attention has been paid on performance-guaranteed energy saving schemes. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-saving model for data center networks by scheduling and routing "deadline-constrained flows" where the transmission of every flow has to be accomplished before a rigorous deadline, being the most critical requirement in production data center networks. Based on speed scaling and power-down energy saving strategies for network devices, we aim to explore the most energy efficient way of scheduling and routing flows on the network, as well as determining the transmission speed for every flow. We consider two general versions of the problem. For the version of only flow scheduling where routes of flows are pre-given, we show that it can be solved polynomially and we develop an optimal combinatorial algorithm for it. For the version of joint flow scheduling and routing, we prove that it is strongly NP-hard and cannot have a Fully Polynomial-Time Approximation Scheme (FPTAS) unless P=NP. Based on a relaxation and randomized rounding technique, we provide an efficient approximation algorithm which can guarantee a provable performance ratio with respect to a polynomial of the total number of flows.Comment: 11 pages, accepted by ICDCS'1

ALLOGYOGENETIC PROGENY ARE PRODUCED FROM A HYBRID ABALONE CROSS OF FEMALE HALIOTIS DIVERSICOLOR AND MALE HALIOTIS DISCUS DISCUS

Interspecific hybrid families of female Haliotis diversicolor X male H. discus discus were produced and analyzed using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technology to reveal the genetic makeup of F1 progenies. The survival rates of the hybrid F1 were very low, ranging from 0-0.13%. Twenty hybrid F1 from 3 families along with 3 different female parents and their common male parent were analyzed with 3 AFLP primer combinations. In total, 266 markers were detected. Genetic relationships among the progenies and the parents were evaluated by generating a similarity and genetic distance matrix. The genetic divergence between Haliotis diversicolor and Haliotis discus was at a high level, with genetic distance ranging from 1.471-1.492. The AFLP band patterns of hybrid F1 progeny were similar to those of the female parents, but were quite different from that of the male parent. The mean genetic distance between hybrid F1 and their female parents were 0.024-0.039, slightly less than that among the female parents, which indicates that the hybrid F1 shared high genetic similarity with their female parents, Haliotis diversicolor. However, 0-0.8% of total AFLP bands of each individual were found to be parental bands, and 0-3.3% were found to be nonparental bands. The possible reason for the presence of paternal-specific and nonparental bands is discussed

Using Low-Cost Renewable Energy for Waste Valorization

With renewable electricity costing 2 cents per kwh to even negative in some places during some periods, how to use cheap renewable energy to maximize waste valorization can become an interesting direction. In this talk, I will discuss some recent progress in identifying the synergy between microbial electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry that led to the development of new materials and systems for spontaneous high rate H2 production from wastewater and sunlight. I will also report some development on functional hydrophobic gas transfer membrane electrodes that enabled specific resource recoveries from wastewater and CO2. While we have been focusing on energy-neutral wastewater treatment, I argue maybe we can start to think broadly on carbon-negative and dollar-positive wastewater treatment beyond energy production

hSef potentiates EGF-mediated MAPK signaling through affecting EGFR trafficking and degradation

Sef (similar expression to fgf genes) was identified as an effective antagonist of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in vertebrates. Previous reports have demonstrated that Sef interacts with FGF receptors (FGFRs) and inhibits FGF signaling, however, its role in regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling remains unclear. In this report, we found that hSef localizes to the plasma membrane (PM) and is subjected to rapid internalization and well localizes in early/recycling endosomes while poorly in late endosomes/lysosomes. We observed that hSef interacts and functionally colocalizes with EGFR in early endosomes in response to EGF stimulation. Importantly, we demonstrated that overexpression of hSef attenuates EGFR degradation and potentiates EGF-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling by interfering EGFR trafficking. Finally, our data showed that, with overexpression of hSef, elevated levels of Erk phosphorylation and differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells occur in response to EGF stimulation. Taken together, these data suggest that hSef plays a positive role in the EGFR-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. This report, for the first time, reveals opposite roles for Sef in EGF and FGF signalings

牛山英治が編纂した山岡鉄舟の伝記について

Table S8. Comparison of GD in different studies. MICN is an abbreviation of Modified introduction in China; TS is an abbreviation of Tropical/Subtropical; SS is an abbreviation of Stiff Stalk; NSS is an abbreviation of non-Stiff Stalk; HZS is an abbreviation of Huangzaosi. (XLSX 11 kb

Competitive Exclusion in a DAE Model for Microbial Electrolysis Cells

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) employ electroactive bacteria to perform extracellular electron transfer, enabling hydrogen generation from biodegradable substrates. In previous work, we developed and analyzed a differential-algebraic equation (DAE) model for MECs. The model resembles a chemostat with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) for concentrations of substrate, microorganisms, and an extracellular mediator involved in electron transfer. There is also an algebraic constraint for electric current and hydrogen production. Our goal is to determine the outcome of competition between methanogenic archaea and electroactive bacteria, because only the latter contribute to electric current and resulting hydrogen production. We investigate asymptotic stability in two industrially relevant versions of the model. An important aspect of chemostats models is the principle of competitive exclusion -- only microbes which grow at the lowest substrate concentration will survive as $t\to\infty$. We show that if methanogens grow at the lowest substrate concentration, then the equilibrium corresponding to competitive exclusion by methanogens is globally asymptotically stable. The analogous result for electroactive bacteria is not necessarily true. We show that local asymptotic stability of exclusion by electroactive bacteria is not guaranteed, even in a simplified version of the model. In this case, even if electroactive bacteria can grow at the lowest substrate concentration, a few additional conditions are required to guarantee local asymptotic stability. We also provide numerical simulations supporting these arguments. Our results suggest operating conditions that are most conducive to success of electroactive bacteria and the resulting current and hydrogen production in MECs. This will help identify when methane production or electricity and hydrogen production are favored