113 research outputs found
Notes sur l'organisation Ă©conomique et sociale de la pĂȘche artisanale, du fumage et de la commercialisation du poisson dans la ville de Conakry
Les premiĂšres enquĂȘtes effectuĂ©es par le C.R.H.B. semblent montrer que les activitĂ©s halieutiques artisanales constituent Ă Conakry un milieu ouvert Ă des producteurs et des commerçants issus de secteurs Ă©conomiques Ă©trangers Ă la pĂȘche et originaires de rĂ©gions parfois Ă©loignĂ©es du littoral maritime. Ces enquĂȘtes suggĂšrent Ă©galement qu'une Ă©tude des dynamiques des activitĂ©s halieutiques dans la capitale guinĂ©enne ne peut valablement ĂȘtre conduite qu'Ă l'intĂ©rieur d'une Ă©tude plus gĂ©nĂ©rale des dynamismes urbains dans leur ensemble. (RĂ©sumĂ© d'auteur
Coherence of single spins coupled to a nuclear spin bath of varying density
The dynamics of single electron and nuclear spins in a diamond lattice with
different 13C nuclear spin concentration is investigated. It is shown that
coherent control of up to three individual nuclei in a dense nuclear spin
cluster is feasible. The free induction decays of nuclear spin Bell states and
single nuclear coherences among 13C nuclear spins are compared and analyzed.
Reduction of a free induction decay time T2* and a coherence time T2 upon
increase of nuclear spin concentration has been found. For diamond material
with depleted concentration of nuclear spin, T2* as long as 30 microseconds and
T2 of up to 1.8 ms for the electron spin has been observed. The 13C
concentration dependence of T2* is explained by Fermi contact and dipolar
interactions with nuclei in the lattice. It has been found that T2 decreases
approximately as 1/n, where n is 13C concentration, as expected for an electron
spin interacting with a nuclear spin bath.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 movie (avi), 1 supplementary material (pdf
Towards T1-limited magnetic resonance imaging using Rabi beats
Two proof-of-principle experiments towards T1-limited magnetic resonance
imaging with NV centers in diamond are demonstrated. First, a large number of
Rabi oscillations is measured and it is demonstrated that the hyperfine
interaction due to the NV's 14N can be extracted from the beating oscillations.
Second, the Rabi beats under V-type microwave excitation of the three hyperfine
manifolds is studied experimentally and described theoretically.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figure
Sensing electric fields using single diamond spins
The ability to sensitively detect charges under ambient conditions would be a
fascinating new tool benefitting a wide range of researchers across
disciplines. However, most current techniques are limited to low-temperature
methods like single-electron transistors (SET), single-electron electrostatic
force microscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Here we open up a new
quantum metrology technique demonstrating precision electric field measurement
using a single nitrogen-vacancy defect centre(NV) spin in diamond. An AC
electric field sensitivity reaching ~ 140V/cm/\surd Hz has been achieved. This
corresponds to the electric field produced by a single elementary charge
located at a distance of ~ 150 nm from our spin sensor with averaging for one
second. By careful analysis of the electronic structure of the defect centre,
we show how an applied magnetic field influences the electric field sensing
properties. By this we demonstrate that diamond defect centre spins can be
switched between electric and magnetic field sensing modes and identify
suitable parameter ranges for both detector schemes. By combining magnetic and
electric field sensitivity, nanoscale detection and ambient operation our study
opens up new frontiers in imaging and sensing applications ranging from
material science to bioimaging
Scalable quantum register based on coupled electron spins in a room temperature solid
Realization of devices based on quantum laws might lead to building
processors that outperform their classical analogues and establishing
unconditionally secure communication protocols. Solids do usually present a
serious challenge to quantum coherence. However, owing to their spin-free
lattice and low spin orbit coupling, carbon materials and particularly diamond
are suitable for hosting robust solid state quantum registers. We show that
scalable quantum logic elements can be realized by exploring long range
magnetic dipolar coupling between individually addressable single electron
spins associated with separate color centers in diamond. Strong distance
dependence of coupling was used to characterize the separation of single qubits
98 A with unprecedented accuracy (3 A) close to a crystal lattice spacing. Our
demonstration of coherent control over both electron spins, conditional
dynamics, selective readout as well as switchable interaction, opens the way
towards a room temperature solid state scalable quantum register. Since both
electron spins are optically addressable, this solid state quantum device
operating at ambient conditions provides a degree of control that is currently
available only for atomic systems.Comment: original submitted version of the manuscrip
BOLD Correlates of Trial-by-Trial Reaction Time Variability in Gray and White Matter: A Multi-Study fMRI Analysis
Reaction time (RT) is one of the most widely used measures of performance in experimental psychology, yet relatively few fMRI studies have included trial-by-trial differences in RT as a predictor variable in their analyses. Using a multi-study approach, we investigated whether there are brain regions that show a general relationship between trial-by-trial RT variability and activation across a range of cognitive tasks.The relation between trial-by-trial differences in RT and brain activation was modeled in five different fMRI datasets spanning a range of experimental tasks and stimulus modalities. Three main findings were identified. First, in a widely distributed set of gray and white matter regions, activation was delayed on trials with long RTs relative to short RTs, suggesting delayed initiation of underlying physiological processes. Second, in lateral and medial frontal regions, activation showed a "time-on-task" effect, increasing linearly as a function of RT. Finally, RT variability reliably modulated the BOLD signal not only in gray matter but also in diffuse regions of white matter.The results highlight the importance of modeling trial-by-trial RT in fMRI analyses and raise the possibility that RT variability may provide a powerful probe for investigating the previously elusive white matter BOLD signal
New super-hairy semi-rigid polymers
cited By 15International audienceLiving monofunctional poly(tetramethylene oxyde) (PTMO) (THF bulk polymerization initiated at 20°C by methyl triflate) was end capped by reaction with 3-(dimethylamino)propyl isocyanide. Selective and quantitative quaternization of the tertiary amine function results in the straightforward synthesis of PTMO macromonomers of the isocyanide type with a fairly good control of molecular weight and polydispersity (MÌn â 1800-4400, MÌw/MÌn â 1.2). Their homopolymerization at 40°C in highly concentrated methanol solution (macromonomer weight fraction â0.80) initiated by NiCl2 quantitatively yields the corresponding poly(macromonomers) of high degrees of polymerization (DPw, > 103) and of very unusual and maximum branching density: one graft chain per every backbone carbon atom. According to a semi-quantitative analysis of their radius of gyration, as derived from light scattering measurements (EtOAc-iPrOH 9 : 1 by vol., Et4N+CF3SO-3 0.05 M), an increase of the intrinsic rigidity (persistence length) of the worm-like poly-(isonitrile) backbone induced by the PTMO branches cannot be ruled out. These super-hairy polymers may be considered as exotic comb-shaped cationic poly(amphiphiles) of potential interest as new lyotropic and thermotropic materials
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