Studies of thermochemical water-splitting cycles

Higher temperatures and more isothermal heat profiles of solar heat sources are developed. The metal oxide metal sulfate class of cycles were suited for solar heat sources. Electrochemical oxidation of SO2 and thermochemical reactions are presented. Electrolytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide in dilute sulfuric acid solutions were appropriate for metal oxide metal sulfate cycles. The cell voltage at workable current densities required for the oxidation of SO2 was critical to the efficient operation of any metal oxide metal sulfate cycle. A sulfur dioxide depolarized electrolysis cell for the splitting of water via optimization of the anode reaction is discussed. Sulfuric acid concentrations of 30 to 35 weight percent are preferred. Platinized platinum or smooth platinum gave the best anode kinetics at a given potential of the five materials examined

Stabilizing platinum in phosphoric acid fuel cells

Platinum sintering on phosphoric acid fuel cell cathodes is discussed. The cathode of the phosphoric acid fuel cell uses a high surface area platinum catalyst dispersed on a conductive carbon support to minimize both cathode polarization and fabrication costs. During operation, however, the active surface area of these electrodes decreases, which in turn leads to decreased cell performance. This loss of active surface area is a major factor in the degradation of fuel cell performance over time

Advanced onboard storage concepts for natural gas-fueled automotive vehicles

The evaluation of several advanced concepts for storing natural gas at reduced pressure is presented. The advanced concepts include adsorption on high surface area carbon, adsorption in high porosity zeolite, storage in clathration compounds, and storage by dissolution in liquid solvents. High surface area carbons with high packing density are the best low pressure storage mediums. A simple mathematical model is used to compare adsorption storage on a state of the art carbon with compression storage. The model indicates that a vehicle using adsorption storage of natural gas at 3.6 MPa will have 36 percent of the range, on the EPA city cycle, of a vehicle operating on a compression storage system having the same physical size and a peak storage pressure of 21 MPa. Preliminary experiments and current literature suggest that the storage capacity of state of the art carbons could be improved by as much as 50 percent, and that adsorption systems having a capacity equal to compression storage at 14 MPa are possible without exceeding a maximum pressure of 3.6 MPa

Studies on Alternating Current Electrolysis. IV . Mathematical Treatment of Reversible Electron Transfer with Alternating Voltage Control and Distorted Current

A mathematical treatment is developed which yields equations relating faradaic current, voltage, and time when an alternating voltage is applied to an electrolytic cell composed of a plane and auxiliary electrodes immersed in a solution containing initially supporting electrolyte and only reversibly oxidizable or reducible species. Both oxidant and reductant are taken to be soluble, and specific adsorption is assumed to be absent. The voltage across that branch of the equivalent circuit through which only faradaic current flows is assumed to be periodic with fixed amplitude and with or without an additional direct applied voltage component; the resultant current is distorted. Diffusion controlled kinetics is postulated, and it is assumed that equilibrium is essentially established at the electrode surface. The equations developed show that a “steady state” (i.e., a periodic state) is quickly attained, yield diagnostic tests of use in establishing the reversible mechanism, make it possible to determine the standard potential, and finally yield for the periodic state a relation between faradaic current and time. These results are then generalized so as to include systems in which the reversible electrochemical step is followed by a sufficiently slow secondary reaction step. One diagnostic result of interest in the latter connection is that the mean faradaic current vanishes in the periodic state, regardless of the amplitude or of the shape of the applied periodic potential, when the follow‐up reaction occurs to a negligible extent

Many Pathways to Renewable Hydrogen

Presentation on the paths to renewable hydrogen presented by Robert Remick at the 2008 PowerGen: Renewable Energy and Fuels 2008 conference

Nonlinear vibration energy harvesting by intentional excitation of high-frequency dynamical instability

In this thesis, a vibration-based energy harvesting system utilizing essential (nonlinearizable) nonlinearities and various electromechanical coupling elements is investigated. These elements include electromagnetic and piezoelectric methods of energy conversion. The mechanical system of interest consists of a grounded, weakly damped linear oscillator (primary system) subjected impulsive loading. This primary system is coupled to a lightweight, damped oscillating attachment (nonlinear energy sink, NES) via a thin wire, which generates an essential geometric cubic sti ness nonlinearity. Various electromechanical coupling elements are included within the oscillator coupling in various con gurations depending on the system being studied. Under single or repeated impulsive input, the damped dynamics of this system exhibit transient resonance captures (TRCs) causing large-amplitude, high-frequency instabilities in the response of the NES. These TRCs result in strong energy transfer from the directly excited primary system to the light-weight attachment. The energy is harvested by the electromechanical elements in the coupling and, in this present case, dissipated across a resistive element in the electrical circuit. The primary goal of this work is to numerically, analytically, and experimentally demonstrate the e cacy of employing this type of high-frequency dynamic instability to achieve enhanced vibration energy harvesting under single or repeated impulsive excitation

Interleukin-8 levels and activity in delayed-healing human thermal wounds

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72020/1/j.1524-475x.2000.00216.x.pd

It’s the Combination: Scientific Data Review of the First Corn Silage to Bring Together Fiber and Starch Digestibility

This information was presented at the 2017 Cornell Nutrition Conference for Feed Manufacturers, organized by the Department of Animal Science In the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. Softcover copies of the entire conference proceedings may be purchased at http://ansci.cals.cornell.edu/extension-outreach/adult-extension/dairy-management/order-proceedings-resources.A recent study compared a newly developed brown midrib 3 corn silage with floury endosperm to a conventional corn silage and a brown midrib 3 corn silage for high-producing Holstein cows. The combination of greater rumen fiber and starch fermentability of the new hybrid resulted in greater efficiency of solids-corrected milk production and milk nitrogen efficiency compared with the brown midrib and conventional hybrids