2,078 research outputs found
Thermoluminescence fading studies: Implications for long-duration space measurements in Low Earth Orbit
Within a 1.5 year comprehensive fading experiment several batches of
LiF:Mg,Ti and LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs) were studied. The
TLDs originated from two manufacturers and were processed by three laboratories
using different annealing and readout conditions. The TLDs were irradiated with
two radiation modalities (gamma-rays and thermal neutrons) and were stored at
two temperatures (-17.4C and +18.5C). The goal of the experiment was to verify
the stability of TLDs in the context of their application in long-term
measurements in space. The results revealed that the response of all TLDs is
stable within 10% for the studied temperature range. No influence of the
radiation type was found. These results indicate that for the properly
oven-annealed LiF TLDs, fading is not a significant problem, even for measuring
periods longer than a year
Nanofiber-based optical trapping of cold neutral atoms
We present experimental techniques and results related to the optimization
and characterization of our nanofiber-based atom trap [Vetsch et al., Phys.
Rev. Lett. 104, 203603 (2010)]. The atoms are confined in an optical lattice
which is created using a two-color evanescent field surrounding the optical
nanofiber. For this purpose, the polarization state of the trapping light
fields has to be properly adjusted. We demonstrate that this can be
accomplished by analyzing the light scattered by the nanofiber. Furthermore, we
show that loading the nanofiber trap from a magneto-optical trap leads to
sub-Doppler temperatures of the trapped atomic ensemble and yields a
sub-Poissonian distribution of the number of trapped atoms per trapping site
Simulations of MATROSHKA experiments at ISS using PHITS
Concerns about the biological effects of space radiation are increasing rapidly due to the perspective of long-duration manned missions, both in relation to the International Space Station (ISS) and to manned interplanetary missions to Moon and Mars in the future. As a preparation for these long duration space missions it is important to ensure an excellent capability to evaluate the impact of space radiation on human health in order to secure the safety of the astronauts/cosmonauts and minimize their risks. It is therefore necessary to measure the radiation load on the personnel both inside and outside the space vehicles and certify that organ and tissue equivalent doses can be simulated as accurate as possible. In this paper we will present simulations using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) of long term dose measurements performed with the ESA supported experiment MATROSHKA (MTR), which is an anthropomorphic phantom containing over 6000 radiation detectors, mimicking a human head and torso. The MTR experiment, led by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), was launched in January 2004 and has measured the absorbed dose from space radiation both inside and outside the ISS. In this paper preliminary comparisons of measurements outside the ISS will be presented. The results confirm previous calculations and measurements which indicate that PHITS is a suitable tool for estimations of dose received from cosmic radiation and when performing shielding design studies of spacecraft
Migrant workers’ exercise of agency during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: resilience, reworking and resistance
Drawing on qualitative data, we apply Katz’s conceptual framework of agency as resilience, reworking and resistance practices to theorise UK migrant workers’ responses to worsened employment conditions, stress of unemployment and reduced incomes during the pandemic. We draw attention to the range of micro practices they adopted to survive and rework existing conditions to their advantage - actions which rarely feature in academic writing, yet which recognise those who do not ‘resist’ as conscious agents who exercise power. Meanwhile, although outright oppositional responses to deteriorating employment conditions are rare, we demonstrate the nature of workplace union representation as a central factor in resisting managerial control. We extend Katz’s framework by considering the ‘how’ and ‘why’ behind migrant workers’ responses, to understand better their dynamic choices of resilience, reworking and resistance practices in the chaotic circumstances of the pandemic
The ALTCRISS project on board the International Space Station
The Altcriss project aims to perform a long term survey of the radiation
environment on board the International Space Station. Measurements are being
performed with active and passive devices in different locations and
orientations of the Russian segment of the station. The goal is to perform a
detailed evaluation of the differences in particle fluence and nuclear
composition due to different shielding material and attitude of the station.
The Sileye-3/Alteino detector is used to identify nuclei up to Iron in the
energy range above 60 MeV/n. Several passive dosimeters (TLDs, CR39) are also
placed in the same location of Sileye-3 detector. Polyethylene shielding is
periodically interposed in front of the detectors to evaluate the effectiveness
of shielding on the nuclear component of the cosmic radiation. The project was
submitted to ESA in reply to the AO in the Life and Physical Science of 2004
and data taking began in December 2005. Dosimeters and data cards are rotated
every six months: up to now three launches of dosimeters and data cards have
been performed and have been returned with the end of expedition 12 and 13.Comment: Accepted for publication on Advances in Space Research
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.03
Dispersive Optical Interface Based on Nanofiber-Trapped Atoms
We dispersively interface an ensemble of one thousand atoms trapped in the
evanescent field surrounding a tapered optical nanofiber. This method relies on
the azimuthally-asymmetric coupling of the ensemble with the evanescent field
of an off-resonant probe beam, transmitted through the nanofiber. The resulting
birefringence and dispersion are significant; we observe a phase shift per atom
of \,1\,mrad at a detuning of six times the natural linewidth,
corresponding to an effective resonant optical density per atom of 0.027.
Moreover, we utilize this strong dispersion to non-destructively determine the
number of atoms.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
SEQUIN: An imaging and analysis platform for quantification and characterization of synaptic structures in mouse
Synapses are crucial to brain function and frequent disease targets, but current analysis methods cannot report on individual synaptic component
Optical interface created by laser-cooled atoms trapped in the evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber
Trapping and optically interfacing laser-cooled neutral atoms is an essential
requirement for their use in advanced quantum technologies. Here we
simultaneously realize both of these tasks with cesium atoms interacting with a
multi-color evanescent field surrounding an optical nanofiber. The atoms are
localized in a one-dimensional optical lattice about 200 nm above the nanofiber
surface and can be efficiently interrogated with a resonant light field sent
through the nanofiber. Our technique opens the route towards the direct
integration of laser-cooled atomic ensembles within fiber networks, an
important prerequisite for large scale quantum communication schemes. Moreover,
it is ideally suited to the realization of hybrid quantum systems that combine
atoms with, e.g., solid state quantum devices
Routinely randomize potential sources of measurement reactivity to estimate and adjust for biases in subjective reports
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