Restrição do 16S-23S DNAr intergênico para avaliação da diversidade de Azospirillum amazonense isolado de Brachiaria spp.

The aim of this work was to study the intra-specific diversity of Azospirillum amazonense isolates and to establish possible influences of different Brachiaria spp. and edaphoclimatic conditions. The characterization of the diversity among the isolates of A. amazonense studied was conducted using restriction analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region. The evaluated strains were separated in two groups, defined at 56% of similarity. Brachiaria spp. showed effects on strain diversity. Most part of the isolates from B. decumbens and B. brizantha are inserted in the first group, while B. humidicola isolates concentrate in the second group.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a diversidade intra-específica de isolados de Azospirillum amazonense e estabelecer a possível influência de diferentes espécies de Brachiaria ssp. e diferentes condições edafoclimáticas. A caracterização da diversidade desses isolados foi conduzida, utilizando-se a análise de restrição da região intergênica 16S-23S DNAr. As estirpes estudadas separaram-se em dois grupos, definidos a 56% de similaridade. As espécies de Brachiaria ssp. influenciaram a diversidade de estirpes. A maioria dos isolados oriundos de B. decumbens e B. brizantha está inserida no primeiro grupo, enquanto os oriundos de B. humidicola concentram-se no segundo grupo

Genome sequence of Pantoea sp. strain 1.19, isolated from rice rhizosphere, with the capacity to promote growth of legumes and nonlegumes

Pantoea sp. 1.19, a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB), was isolated from the rhizosphere of rice plants in Spain. Its genome, estimated at 3,771,065 bp, encodes 3,535 coding sequences (CDSs), carrying genes for synthesis of auxins, homoserine lactones, enzymes, siderophores, and quorum sensing. Several CDSs emphasize its biotechnological potential as an agriculture inoculant.Embrapa 02.13.08.001.00.00INCT-Plant-Growth Promoting Microorganisms for Agricultural Sustainability and Environmental Responsibility 465133/2014-2Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad AGL2016- 77163-

Atividade enzimática e perfil da comunidade bacteriana em solo submetido à solarização e biofumigação

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of solarization and biofumigation on the soil microbial communities, by means of beta-glucosidase activity and 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE analyses. Solarization with a plastic covering of the soil took place over two, four and six months, and the soils were biofumigated by the addition of 2 and 5% (v/v) of chicken litter to the soil. Right after the plastic cover removal and after 30 days, beta-glucosidase was lower than in the nonsolarizated control. After 60 days, there were no longer significant differences in beta-glucosidase activity between treatments. The addition of 5% chicken litter stimulated beta-glucosidase activity. Bacterial community profile was influenced by solarization time, regardless of time of plastic cover removal. There was no effect of chicken litter amendments over the bacterial community structure. Solarization affects beta-glucosidase activity but, after 60 days, its effects are no longer detectable, differently of the observed data regarding soil bacterial community structure by PCR-DGGE. Biofumigation stimulates beta-glicosidase activity, but it doesn't affect the bacterial community structure.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da solarização e da biofumigação sobre a comunidade microbiana do solo, por meio da atividade da enzima beta-glicosidase e do perfil do 16S rDNA, determinado com PCR-DGGE. A solarização do solo, com cobertura de plástico, foi feita por períodos de dois, quatro e seis meses, e a biofumigação foi realizada pela incorporação de 2 e 5% (v/v) de cama-de-frango ao solo. Logo após a retirada da cobertura de plástico e aos 30 dias após a remoção, a atividade da beta-glicosidase foi menor em relação ao tratamento não solarizado. Aos 60 dias, não foram mais observadas diferenças entre os tratamentos. A adição de cama-de-frango a 5% estimulou a atividade da beta-glicosidase. O perfil da estrutura da comunidade bacteriana foi influenciado pelo tempo de solarização, independentemente da época da retirada da cobertura de plástico. Não foi observado efeito da adição de cama-de-frango ao solo, no perfil da comunidade. A solarização afeta a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas esses efeitos não são mais detectáveis após 60 dias da retirada da cobertura de plástico, diferentemente do que foi observado em relação à estrutura da comunidade bacteriana por PCR-DGGE. A biofumigação estimula a atividade da beta-glicosidase, mas não afeta o perfil da comunidade microbiana

Atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos de um Latossolo de cerrado em plantio de espécies florestais

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of forest plantations on the physical, chemical and microbiological attributes of a cerrado Oxisol. Soil samples were collected at 0–10 cm depth from sites cultivated with pinus (Pinus tecunumanii), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis) and carvoeiro (Sclerolobium paniculatum) for over 20 years. An adjacent native cerrado area was used as a reference of the original soil conditions. It was observed in relation to the native cerrado: increases in soil density under pinus and eucalyptus, reduction in the macroporosity under pinus, lower organic matter contents under pinus and eucalyptus, besides decreases in the soil pH and in the base saturation under pinus and carvoeiro along with an increase in aluminum saturation. Soil microbial biomass carbon under the pinus, eucalyptus and carvoeiro sites was about half of that found under cerrado. The activities of acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase were inhibited by pinus and stimulated by carvoeiro. Among the forest systems evaluated, pinus promoted the greatest reduction on soil quality. The microbiological variables were the most sensitive to detect the effects of these systems on soil quality.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto de plantios florestais nos atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos de um Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo de cerrado. Amostras de solo foram coletadas à profundidade de 0 a 10 cm, em áreas cultivadas há mais de 20 anos com pínus (Pinus tecunumanii), eucalipto (Eucalyptus grandis) ou carvoeiro (Sclerolobium paniculatum). Uma área adjacente de cerrado nativo foi incluída como referência do solo original. Foram observados, em relação ao cerrado, aumentos na densidade do solo sob pínus e eucalipto, redução na macroporosidade sob pínus, menores teores de matéria orgânica sob pínus e eucalipto, além de decréscimos no pH e na saturação por bases e incremento da saturação por alumínio nos cultivos com pínus e carvoeiro. O carbono da biomassa microbiana sob pínus, eucalipto e carvoeiro foi aproximadamente a metade do carbono sob cerrado. Atividades de fosfatase ácida e arilsulfatase foram inibidas pelo pínus e estimuladas pelo carvoeiro. Entre os reflorestamentos avaliados, o pínus promoveu a redução mais acentuada da qualidade do solo de cerrado. As variáveis microbiológicas foram as mais sensíveis em detectar o efeito dos diferentes reflorestamentos na qualidade do solo

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Occurrence of diazotrophic bacteria in different sugar cane genotypes

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a localização e o número de bactérias endofíticas em quatro genótipos de cana-de-açúcar e investigar sobre a possível existência de correlação com os resultados apresentados em trabalhos de quantificação da fixação biológica de nitrogênio (FBN). Fez-se um levantamento das bactérias diazotróficas presentes, e quantificou-se a população de Herbaspirillum spp. e Acetobacter diazotrophicus, em genótipos de cana-de-açúcar contrastantes quanto à capacidade de obter N da FBN. De acordo com o levantamento realizado neste trabalho, as bactérias estudadas (Azospirillum lipoferum, A. brasilense, A. amazonense, Herbaspirillum spp. e Acetobacter diazotrophicus) estavam presentes nos quatro genótipos avaliados e em todas as partes da planta, exceto A. amazonense, que não foi isolado de amostras de folhas. A quantificação das bactérias Herbaspirillum spp. e A. diazotrophicus mostrou não haver diferenças significativas entre os genótipos, e que, geralmente, elas estão presentes em maior número nas raízes. Enquanto Herbaspirillum spp. mantém-se mais estável ao longo do ciclo da cultura, a população de A. diazotrophicus decresce com a aproximação do final do ciclo comercial. Pode-se sugerir que as diferenças entre as taxas de FBN encontradas nos diversos genótipos não é causada por diferenças na presença ou no número das bactérias aqui estudadas.The objective of this work was to find out the localization and number of endophytic bacteria in four sugar cane genotypes and investigate upon the possible existence of correlation to the results obtained in some studies about quantification of biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). A survey of the diazotrophic bacteria present in sugar cane genotypes differing in their capacity to obtain nitrogen through BNF was performed, and population of Herbaspirillum spp. and Acetobacter diazotrophicus was quantified. The bacteria tested in the survey were Azospirillum lipoferum, A. brasilense, A. amazonense, Herbaspirillum spp. and Acetobacter diazotrophicus. All these bacteria were present in the four genotypes and were found in all parts of the plants, except A. amazonense which was not isolated from leaf samples. The quantification of Herbaspirillum spp. and A. diazotrophicus showed that there were no significant differences among the sugar cane genotypes and, generally, the bacteria were in greater number in roots. While number of Herbaspirillum spp. remained stable during the life-cycle of the culture, the population of A. diazotrophicus suffer a decrease with the approach of the end of the commercial cycle. It is suggested that the differences in the rates of BNF found in sugar cane genotypes are not caused by differences in the presence or the number of the bacterial species studied here