EDUCATORS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLES AND THEIR PROBLEM SOLVING STYLES

Instructional leadership is not well-defined in the literature. The term has been used to describe the principal’s role as an instructional leader. However, principals are not the only instructional leaders. Teachers are as well. In this study, data on leadership and problem solving style were collected one time from 378 educators in K-12 school settings in the northeast of the U.S. The purpose is to provide an empirical evidence of what describes instructional leadership. The results of a 4x4x4 MANOVA indicated that there were significant differences between educators’ scores on the leadership subscales for the Orientation to Change (OC): Explorer-Developer (F(3, 290) = 8.236, p \u3c .001, partial eta squared = .079) and the Manner of Processing (MP): External-Internal (F(3, 290) = 4.597, p = .004, partial eta squared = .045) groups. The OC subgroups differed significantly in the areas of transformational leadership (F(3, 290) = 6.956, p \u3c .001, partial eta squared = .067) and passive/avoidant leadership (F(3, 290) = 4.438, p = .005, partial eta squared = .044). The MP subgroups differed significantly in the areas of transformational leadership (F(3, 290) = 3.683, p = .012, partial eta squared = .037) and passive/avoidant leadership (F(3, 290) = 3.128, p = .026, partial eta squared = .031). There were no significant differences in mean scores of all types of leadership for the Ways of Deciding (WD) group. Furthermore, there were no significant interactions between VIEW groups. All VIEW groups scored the highest on transformational leadership and the lowest on passive/avoidant leadership. Three stepwise multiple regression analyses were used to determine the extent that educators’ gender, years of teaching experience, highest degree earned, type of certificate, and scores on the problem solving styles predicted their perceptions of their leadership styles. Results indicated that the highest degree earned, educators’ preference for Orientation to Change: Explorer-Developer problem solving style, gender, and type of certificate were significant predictors of the variance in the mean scores of transformational leadership, R squared = .189, adjusted R squared = .179, F(4, 338) = 19.67, p \u3c .001. There were no significant predictors of the mean scores of transactional leadership at the Bonferroni adjusted alpha of .0125. The type of certificate was the only significant predictor of the passive/avoidant leadership subscale, R squared = .049, adjusted R squared = .046, F(1, 341) = 17.40, p \u3c .001. Data from three open-ended questions related to the participants’ perceptions of leadership and problem solving were coded and analyzed. Four common overarching themes emerged: (a) personal characteristics, (b) knowledge and experience, (c) interactions with others, and (d) setting directions. The quantitative findings were then triangulated with the qualitative results to describe constructs of instructional leadership

Status of LWIR HgCdTe infrared detector technology

The performance requirements that today's advanced Long Wavelength Infrared (LWIR) focal plane arrays place on the HgCdTe photovoltaic detector array are summarized. The theoretical performance limits for intrinsic LWIR HgCdTe detectors are reviewed as functions of cutoff wavelength and operating temperature. The status of LWIR HgCdTe photovoltaic detectors is reviewed and compared to the focal plane array (FPA) requirements and to the theoretical limits. Emphasis is placed on recent data for two-layer HgCdTe PLE heterojunction photodiodes grown at Loral with cutoff wavelengths ranging between 10 and 19 microns at temperatures of 70 to 80 K. Development trends in LWIR HgCdTe detector technology are outlined, and conclusions are drawn about the ability for photovoltaic HgCdTe detector arrays to satisfy a wide variety of advanced FPA array applications

Moderate temperature detector development

The development of (Hg, Cd)Te detectors for 8 to 12 micrometer wavelength regions capable of achieving significantly improved sensitivity at noncryogenic temperatures is discussed

Californian Mother

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp/4338/thumbnail.jp

KEANEKARAGAMAN VEGETASI DI HUTAN LINDUNG GUNUNG SEMAHUNG DESA SAHAM KECAMATAN SENGAH TEMILA KABUPATEN LANDAK

Efforts to inventory the wealth of forest resources are still needed. There are stillmany areas that have potential especially plants than can be utilezed in order to preserver the forest. This research aims to determine the Diversity of Vegetation that exist in the Protected Forest of Gunung Semahung, Village of Saham, Sengah Temila Sub-district, Landak District. This research uses survey method by placing double plot where sampling is placed in accordance with the predetermined direction. The research plots are systematically laid out. Number of paths made as lines with a length of 1000 meters, each path there are 25 plot observations made in accordance with the direction of the compass, so the overallarea is 2 Ha. 20 x 20 m observation plot to measure tree level, 10 x 10 m for measuring pole level, 5 x 5 m for measuring stake level and 2 x 2 m to measure seedling level. The distance between plots is 20 m. The data obtained are then calculated relative density and density, relative frequency and frequency, dominance and relative dominance, to obtain an Important Value Index (INP). Further calculated Dominance Index (C), Type Diversity Index (H) and Tpe Abudance Index (E). The Important Value Index (INP) at the dominant seedling level is Garcinia xanthochymus (16,39). The Important Value Index (INP) at the most dominant stakes is the Durio zibethinus (15,68). The Important Value Index (INP) at the most dominant pole level is the Shorea acuminatissima (19,59). The Important Value Index (INP) at the most dominant tree level is the Diosphyros maingayi (36,36). The highest Dominity Index at the tree level is 0,1747. The highest Diversity Index at the stakes level is 1.5510. The highest Type Abundance Index at the pole level is 0.9625.Keywords: Mount Semahung, The Diversity Of Vegetation Protected Forest, The Index Values Are Importan

PENGARUH WAKTU INOKULASI Trichoderma spp. DAN Glomus sp. TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI AKASIA (Acacia mangium)

Acacia (Acacia mangium) is a plant spesies which can grow rapidly despite living on marginal land. One effort that can be done is by adding biological agents, for example Trichoderma and Glomus sp. The purpose of this research was to uncover the best inoculation time of Trichoderma and Glomus sp. to the growth of acacia. The research consisted of 14 treatments, involving : W0 : Control; W1: Trichoderma sp. 1 three days before Glomus sp.; W2: Trichoderma sp. 1 together Glomus sp.; W3: Trichoderma sp. 1 seven days after Glomus sp.;  W4: Trichoderma sp. 2 three days before Glomus sp.; W5: Trichoderma sp. 2 together Glomus sp.; W6: Inoculation with Trichoderma sp. 2 seven days after Glomus sp.;  W7: Trichoderma sp. 3 three days before Glomus sp.; W8: Trichoderma sp. 3 together Glomus sp.; W9: Trichoderma sp. 3 seven days after Glomus sp. These treatments were repeated for three times until 30 exprerimental units were gathered. The research was designed based on a completely ramdomised design. The data were observed for 2 months including the data about diameter and height. Result of the observation was analysed quantitatively using ANOVA. It was then continued by Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. The result indicated that providing Trichoderma sp. 3 three days before Glomus sp. (W7) did not give a significant increase in height. Meanwhile, inoculation Trichoderma sp. 1 together with Glomus sp. (W2) yielded a significant value for the increase in diameter. Finally, it is hoped that results of this research can be used and applied on other forest plants such as Pinus. Keyword : Acacia, Diameter, Glomus, Height, Trichoderm

Report of the direct infrared sensors panel

The direct infrared sensors panel considered a wide range of options for technologies relevant to the science goals of the Astrotech 21 mission set. Among the technologies assessed are: large format arrays; photon counting detectors; higher temperature 1 to 10 micro-m arrays; impurity band conduction (IBC) or blocked impurity band (BIB) detectors; readout electronics; and adapting the Space Infrared Telescope Facility and Hubble Space Telescope. Detailed development plans were presented for each of these technology areas

Generating Animated Displays of Spacecraft Orbits

Tool for Interactive Plotting, Sonification, and 3D Orbit Display (TIPSOD) is a computer program for generating interactive, animated, four-dimensional (space and time) displays of spacecraft orbits. TIPSOD utilizes the programming interface of the Satellite Situation Center Web (SSCWeb) services to communicate with the SSC logic and database by use of the open protocols of the Internet. TIPSOD is implemented in Java 3D and effects an extension of the preexisting SSCWeb two-dimensional static graphical displays of orbits. Orbits can be displayed in any or all of the following seven reference systems: true-of-date (an inertial system), J2000 (another inertial system), geographic, geomagnetic, geocentric solar ecliptic, geocentric solar magnetospheric, and solar magnetic. In addition to orbits, TIPSOD computes and displays Sibeck's magnetopause and Fairfield's bow-shock surfaces. TIPSOD can be used by the scientific community as a means of projection or interpretation. It also has potential as an educational tool

Community leaders' perspectives of a rural community college's impact on community development

The purpose of this qualitative research study was to examine the role a rural community college plays in the development of its community, using a holistic, community-based lens that considered college and community context, interactions and results to answer the question: How does the rural community college impact the development of the rural community? While the community college's connection to the local community is largely inherent, a full understanding of community college-community interaction and the impact of those interactions on the community as a whole is often difficult to articulate. Given the context of today's education accountability requirements, it is advantageous to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the community college with regard to community impact and public benefit -- for community college practitioners, the public, and state and local policy-makers. A social constructivist research perspective, a case study research strategy, and a single case design were employed in this study. The case for this study was a rural Northwest community and the community college within it. The community college was classified as a small, rural-serving college by the Carnegie Classification of Colleges and Universities. A logic model design guided the study. Study participants included: elected officials; business and industry executives; and health, education and human services leaders. A combination of document review, participant observation, and interviews was used to answer the research questions: (a) What is the context of this community and this community college? (b) In what ways do the college and the community interact and engage? (c) What are the results of the college-community engagement? Examination of the data revealed several major themes and five significant findings: 1. The community defines itself through a regional, rural lens and is characterized by an interconnectedness of its people to the land and to the history of the region. 2. The college and the community invest in reciprocal relationships and collaborate on mutually beneficial pursuits. 3. An improved regional economy and skilled-up workforce are identified as positive community changes – and the community college’s contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. 4. A community leadership network with increased confidence in collaboration, understanding of community assets, and efficacy in community development is recognized as a positive community change -- and the community college's contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. 5. An enhanced community image and an optimistic community outlook are identified as positive community changes -- and the community college’s contributions to those positive changes are cited as a public benefit. When these findings are taken into account with the related literature, this study offers considerations for practice and further research among community college, civic, and policy leaders.

Deep-water macroalgae from the Canary Islands: new records and biogeographical relationships

Due to the geographical location and paleobiogeography of the Canary Islands, the seaweed flora contains macroalgae with different distributional patterns. In this contribution, the biogeographical relations of several new records of deep-water macroalgae recently collected around the Canarian archipelago are discussed. These are Bryopsidella neglecta (Berthotd) Rietema,Discosporangium mesarthrocarpum (Meneghini) Hauck, Hincksia onslowensis (Amsler et Kapraun)P.C. Silva, Syringoderma floridana Henry, Peyssonnelia harveyana J. Agardh, Cryptonemia seminervis(C. Agardh) J. Agardh, Botryodadia wynnei Ballantine, Gloiocladia blomquistii (Searles) R. E.Norris, PIahchrysis peltata (W. R. Taylor) P. Huv4 et H. Huv4, Leptofauchea brasiliensis Joly, and Sarcodiotheca divaricata W. R. Taylor. These new records, especially those in the Florideophyceae,support the strong affinity of the Canary Islands seaweed flora with the warm-temperate Mediterranean-Atlantic region. Some species are recorded for the first time from the east coast of the Atlantic Ocean, enhancing the biogeographic relations of the Canarian marine flora with that of the western Atlantic regions