Tumorangiogenese und Immunsuppression: Strategische Angriffspunkte für neue Therapieansätze beim Plattenepithelkarzinom der Mundhöhle (HNSCC)

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Die Tumorangiogenese und tumorassoziierte Immunsuppression sind Grundvoraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Tumorevolution. Unsere bisherigen Analysen zeigen, dass Mundhöhlenkarzinomzellen über eine Produktion von TGF-β1 ("transforming growth factor-beta1") und MCP-1 ("monocyte chemoattractant protein-1") die Makrophageninfiltration in den Tumor stimulieren. Die angelockten Makrophagen produzieren den angiogenetischen sowie immunsupprimierenden Wachstumsfaktor VEGF ("vascular endothelial growth factor") und induzieren zudem die Produktion dieses Faktors über Interleukin (IL)-1α in den Tumorzellen. Neuere In-vitro-Studien zeigen, dass Retinsäure (VitaminA) die TGF-β1- und MCP-1-Produktion der Tumorzellen hemmt. Deshalb wurde in der vorliegenden Studie der Einfluss von Retinsäure auf die Makrophageninfiltration und VEGF-Produktion im Mausmodell analysiert. Material und Methoden: Mäusen der AJ-Linie (10Mäuse pro Gruppe) wurden Polyethylenschwämme (5×2mm3) mit humanen HNSCC-Zellen (450.000-150.0000/10μl RPMI) subkutan eingepflanzt. Mäuse mit Tumoren von mindestens 0,7-1 cm3 Durchmesser wurden täglich mit Retinsäure (160µg/kg) i.p. behandelt. Nach 21Tagen wurden die Schwämme entnommen und immunhistologisch nach VEGF-A, MCP-1, CD68 und CD31 untersucht. Die Bestimmung der Serumwerte von VEGF-A und MCP-1 erfolgte mit dem ELISA. Die Organe wurden entnommen und nach Makro- und- Mikrometastasen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Bei allen mit Retinsäure behandelten Tieren kam es zur vollständigen Tumorregression. Die Mäuse wiesen keinen Metastasenbefall auf (p=0,00) und die Makrophageninfiltration in den Tumor konnte blockiert werden (p=0,007). Alle behandelten Tiere regulierten die MCP-1- (0pg/ml) und VEGF-A-Serumwerte (12pg/ml) herunter (p=0,001). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Blockierung der Makrophageninfiltration in den Tumor mit VitaminA ein möglicher Therapieansatz ist, um die Induktion der zwei wichtigsten Überlebensstrategien des Tumors, Immunsuppression und Angiogenese, zu hemme

Colloidal hydrodynamic coupling in concentric optical vortices

Optical vortex traps created from helical modes of light can drive fluid-borne colloidal particles in circular trajectories. Concentric circulating rings of particles formed by coaxial optical vortices form a microscopic Couette cell, in which the amount of hydrodynamic drag experienced by the spheres depends on the relative sense of the rings' circulation. Tracking the particles' motions makes possible measurements of the hydrodynamic coupling between the circular particle trains and addresses recently proposed hydrodynamic instabilities for collective colloidal motions on optical vortices.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Europhysics Letter

Análise da rentabilidade dos sistemas empresarial e familiar de produção de pêssego no sul do Rio Grande do Sul.

bitstream/item/31658/1/documento-86.pd

Technical Note: Characterisation of a DUALER instrument for the airborne measurement of peroxy radicals during AMMA 2006

A DUALER (dual-channel airborne peroxy radical chemical amplifier) instrument has been developed and optimised for the airborne measurement of the total sum of peroxy radicals during the AMMA (African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses) measurement campaign which took place in Burkina Faso in August 2006. The innovative feature of the instrument is that both reactors are sampling simultaneously from a common pre-reactor nozzle while the whole system is kept at a constant pressure to ensure more signal stability and accuracy. <br><br> Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterise the stability of the NO<sub>2</sub> detector signal and the chain length with the pressure. The results show that airborne measurements using chemical amplification require constant pressure at the luminol detector. Wall losses of main peroxy radicals HO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> were investigated. The chain length was experimentally determined for different ambient mixtures and compared with simulations performed by a chemical box model. <br><br> The DUALER instrument was successfully mounted within the German DLR-Falcon. The analysis of AMMA data utilises a validation procedure based on the O<sub>3</sub> mixing ratios simultaneously measured onboard. The validation and analysis procedure is illustrated by means of the data measured during the AMMA campaign. The detection limit and the accuracy of the ambient measurements are also discussed

River water quality model no. 1 (RWQM1): II. Biochemical process equations

In this paper, biochemical process equations are presented as a basis for water quality modelling in rivers under aero-bic and anoxic conditions. These equations are not new, but they summarise parts of the development over the past 75 years. The primary goals of the presentation are to stimulate communication among modellers and field-oriented researchers of river water quality and of wastewater treatment, to facilitate practical application of river water quality modelling, and to encourage the use of elemental mass balances for the derivation of stoichiometric coefficients of biochemical transformation processes. This paper is part of a series of three papers: In the first paper, the general modelling approach is described; in the present paper, the biochemical process equations of a complex model are presented; and in the third paper, recommendations are given for the selection of a reasonable submodel for a specific application

Tumorangiogenese und Immunsuppression

Hintergrund: Die Tumorangiogenese und tumorassoziierte Immunsuppression sind Grundvoraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Tumorevolution. Unsere bisherigen Analysen zeigen, dass Mundhöhlenkarzinomzellen über eine Produktion von TGF-β1 ("transforming growth factor-beta1") und MCP-1 ("monocyte chemoattractant protein-1") die Makrophageninfiltration in den Tumor stimulieren. Die angelockten Makrophagen produzieren den angiogenetischen sowie immunsupprimierenden Wachstumsfaktor VEGF ("vascular endothelial growth factor") und induzieren zudem die Produktion dieses Faktors über Interleukin (IL)-1α in den Tumorzellen. Neuere In-vitro-Studien zeigen, dass Retinsäure (VitaminA) die TGF-β1- und MCP-1-Produktion der Tumorzellen hemmt. Deshalb wurde in der vorliegenden Studie der Einfluss von Retinsäure auf die Makrophageninfiltration und VEGF-Produktion im Mausmodell analysiert. Material und Methoden: Mäusen der AJ-Linie (10Mäuse pro Gruppe) wurden Polyethylenschwämme (5×2mm3) mit humanen HNSCC-Zellen (450.000-150.0000/10μl RPMI) subkutan eingepflanzt. Mäuse mit Tumoren von mindestens 0,7-1 cm3 Durchmesser wurden täglich mit Retinsäure (160µg/kg) i.p. behandelt. Nach 21Tagen wurden die Schwämme entnommen und immunhistologisch nach VEGF-A, MCP-1, CD68 und CD31 untersucht. Die Bestimmung der Serumwerte von VEGF-A und MCP-1 erfolgte mit dem ELISA. Die Organe wurden entnommen und nach Makro- und- Mikrometastasen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Bei allen mit Retinsäure behandelten Tieren kam es zur vollständigen Tumorregression. Die Mäuse wiesen keinen Metastasenbefall auf (p=0,00) und die Makrophageninfiltration in den Tumor konnte blockiert werden (p=0,007). Alle behandelten Tiere regulierten die MCP-1- (0pg/ml) und VEGF-A-Serumwerte (12pg/ml) herunter (p=0,001). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Blockierung der Makrophageninfiltration in den Tumor mit VitaminA ein möglicher Therapieansatz ist, um die Induktion der zwei wichtigsten Überlebensstrategien des Tumors, Immunsuppression und Angiogenese, zu hemme

Large Scale Nanoparticle Screening for Small Molecule Analysis in Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Nanoparticles (NPs) have been suggested as efficient matrixes for small molecule profiling and imaging by laser-desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), but so far there has been no systematic study comparing different NPs in the analysis of various classes of small molecules. Here, we present a large scale screening of 13 NPs for the analysis of two dozen small metabolite molecules. Many NPs showed much higher LDI efficiency than organic matrixes in positive mode and some NPs showed comparable efficiencies for selected analytes in negative mode. Our results suggest that a thermally driven desorption process is a key factor for metal oxide NPs, but chemical interactions are also very important, especially for other NPs. The screening results provide a useful guideline for the selection of NPs in the LDI-MS analysis of small molecules

Phosphorus removal by a fixed-bed hybrid polymer nanocomposite biofilm reactor

Eutrophication is one of the main challenges regarding the ecological quality of surface waters, phosphorus bioavailability being its main driver. In this context, a novel hybrid polymer nanocomposite (HPN-Pr) biofilm reactor aimed at integrated chemical phosphorus adsorption and biological removal was conceived. The assays pointed to removal of 1.2 mg P/g of reactive phosphorus and 1.01 mg P/g of total phosphorus under steady-state conditions. A mathematical adsorption–biological model was applied to predict reactor performance, which indicated that biological activity has a positive effect on reactor performance, increasing the amount of reactive phosphorus removed.The authors acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology for the financial support under Project SFRH/BD/39085/2007

Sub-dekahertz ultraviolet spectroscopy of 199Hg+

Using a laser that is frequency-locked to a Fabry-Perot etalon of high finesse and stability, we probe the 5d10 6s 2S_1/2 (F=0) - 5d9 6s 2D_5/2 (F=2) Delta-m_F = 0 electric-quadrupole transition of a single laser-cooled 199Hg+ ion stored in a cryogenic radio-frequency ion trap. We observe Fourier-transform limited linewidths as narrow as 6.7 Hz at 282 nm (1.06 X 10^15 Hz), yielding a line Q = 1.6 X 10^14. We perform a preliminary measurement of the 5d9 6s2 2D_5/2 electric-quadrupole shift due to interaction with the static fields of the trap, and discuss the implications for future trapped-ion optical frequency standards.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted for publicatio

Absolute Frequency Measurements of the Hg^+ and Ca Optical Clock Transitions with a Femtosecond Laser

The frequency comb created by a femtosecond mode-locked laser and a microstructured fiber is used to phase coherently measure the frequencies of both the Hg^+ and Ca optical standards with respect to the SI second as realized at NIST. We find the transition frequencies to be f_Hg=1 064 721 609 899 143(10) Hz and f_Ca=455 986 240 494 158(26) Hz, respectively. In addition to the unprecedented precision demonstrated here, this work is the precursor to all-optical atomic clocks based on the Hg^+ and Ca standards. Furthermore, when combined with previous measurements, we find no time variations of these atomic frequencies within the uncertainties of |(df_Ca/dt)/f_Ca| < 8 x 10^{-14} yr^{-1}, and |(df_Hg/dt)/f_Hg|< 30 x 10^{-14} yr^{-1}.Comment: 6 pages, including 4 figures. RevTex 4. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let