Scope and limitations in the evaluation of programs for digital literacy in Latin America: A paradigmatic case. The ''Plan CEIBAL''

Este artículo, en primer lugar revisa el estado actual de los instrumentos de monitoreo de los programas de alfabetización digital en la región, y en segundo término, propone, a partir de una mirada crítica sobre las limitaciones que imponen los indicadores cuantitativos para la comprensión del alcance socio cultural de dichos programas, estrategias de evaluación cualitativa que tengan como premisa la recuperación de la perspectiva del actor, y en consecuencia, permitan, elaborar indicadores más comprensivos de la experiencia de apropiación de las TICs entre sus beneficiarios.This article reviews in the fi rst place the state of monitoring instruments for digital education programs in the region and secondly, it evaluates, from a critical perspective, the limitations imposed by quantitative indicators for the comprehension of the socio cultural scope of these programs. Qualitative evaluation strategies that recover the subject’s viewpoint enable the development of more comprehensive indicators of the experience of ICT appropriation for the benefi ciaries of these programs.Fil: Winocur, Rosalía. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Aguerre Regusci, Carolina Inés. Universidad de San Andres. Centro de Tecnología y Sociedad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Airlines : the use of social media as a tool for customer engagement

LAUREA MAGISTRALENelle ultimi anni, si è verificata una crescita esponenziale nella tecnologia che ha facilitato lo scambio di informazioni; generando un mondo più connesso e cambiando il modo in cui le persone fanno affari; accorciando le distanze di viaggio e il concetto di distanza fra paesi. Diversi autori hanno evidenziato l’importanza di utilizzare i social media nelle aziende per comprendere i clienti ed estrarre informazioni significative per prodotti e servizi innovativi. La penetrazione del mobile è aumentata grazie alle nuove tecnologie che permettono di accedere ai dispositivi economici e facile da utilizzare, questo ha cambiato il modo in cui le persone interagiscono nelle piattaforme di social media. Lo sviluppo di questo progetto finale ha l’obiettivo di analizzare come le compagnie aeree utilizzano i social media nelle loro strategie di customer engagement. Lo scopo è quello di individuare i più popolari social network e il contenuto specifico pubblicato dalle compagnie aeree. Si utilizza questo contenuto per misurare il customer engagement utilizzando indicatori generali e specifici sviluppati per gli autori ed esistenti (validati in altri studi academici). È importante ricordare che questi indicatori si basano su dati recuperati da achivi ed informazione pubbliche disponibili nelle piattaforme di sociali ufficiali. I risultati sulla base di pubblicazioni academiche, interviste di esperti, casi di studi, e le informazioni recuperate dai social media mostrano che un’adeguata gestione dei social media potrebbe aumentare la quantità e qualità delle interazioni con i clienti.In the last years, there has been an exponential growth in technologies that facilitated the exchange of information; generating a more connected world and changing the way people make business; shortening travel times and the concept of distances between countries. Various authors have highlighted the importance of social media use in companies to understand customers and extract meaningful information for product and service innovation. The mobile penetration has increased thanks to the new technologies that allow the creation of affordable and easy to use devices. This has changed the way people interact in social media platforms. The development of this final project aims at analysing how airlines use social media in their customer engagement strategy. The purpose is to identify the most popular social networks and the specific content published by airlines. Analysing the content posted in the different platforms, we will create and use existing (validated in academic papers) general and airline specific KPI’s to measure costumer engagement. It is important to mention that the indicators are based on data retrieved from public information available in the official social platforms. Our results based on academic papers, interviews of experts, case studies and information retrieved from social platforms show that an adequate social media management could increase the quantity and quality of customer interactions

Scope and limitations in the evaluation of programs for digital literacy in Latin America: A paradigmatic case. The ''Plan CEIBAL''

Este artículo, en primer lugar revisa el estado actual de los instrumentos de monitoreo de los programas de alfabetización digital en la región, y en segundo término, propone, a partir de una mirada crítica sobre las limitaciones que imponen los indicadores cuantitativos para la comprensión del alcance socio cultural de dichos programas, estrategias de evaluación cualitativa que tengan como premisa la recuperación de la perspectiva del actor, y en consecuencia, permitan, elaborar indicadores más comprensivos de la experiencia de apropiación de las TICs entre sus beneficiarios.This article reviews in the fi rst place the state of monitoring instruments for digital education programs in the region and secondly, it evaluates, from a critical perspective, the limitations imposed by quantitative indicators for the comprehension of the socio cultural scope of these programs. Qualitative evaluation strategies that recover the subject’s viewpoint enable the development of more comprehensive indicators of the experience of ICT appropriation for the benefi ciaries of these programs.Fil: Winocur, Rosalía. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Aguerre Regusci, Carolina Inés. Universidad de San Andres. Centro de Tecnología y Sociedad; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Impact of a novel transition program on patient satisfaction and follow up of young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with increasing prevalence (1) The incidence of diabetes mellitus type 1 varies among regions and is estimated to be between 14-25/100000 inhabitants in middle Europe(2) (3) and > 40 /100000 inhabitants in northern European countries (4). Due to an auto-immune- mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells, patients are required to regular insulin substitution. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is associated to short (hypo-and hyperglycaemia) and long term (retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral and autonomic neuropathy) complications. Long term complications are clearly associated to metabolic stability of diabetes (5). Metabolic stability itself depends on insulin treatment strategy, individual insulin needs, general health status, and treatment adherence.. Studies show a specially poor prognosis in young adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (6) (7) (8

Exploring News Coverage About Plant-Based Milk: A Content Analysis

Plant-based milk has provided more options to consumers who are looking for an alternative to dairy milk. Recently, sales of plant-based milk have increased while dairy milk has continued to decline. To gather more insight into what is being discussed in news coverage about plant-based milk, a quantitative content analysis was conducted on 250 articles published from 2011 to 2020. These articles were coded for word count, location of publication, frame, and article type. The seven frames used to describe plant-based milk were Environment, Animal Welfare, Health, Economics, Labeling, Taste, and Trend. There was an increase in articles published each year, with the most articles published in 2019. The Trend frame was the most popular frame followed by Taste and Health. The Trend frame is related to the growing popularity of plant-based milk. Many Taste articles were written in the form of recipes, which gives inspiration to the reader to use plant-based milk while cooking or baking. The use of the Health frame focused on nutritional information and support of using plant-based milk as an alternative for lactose intolerance or milk allergy. Overall, this study indicated that most plant-based milk news coverage focuses on discussing popularity, consumption, and innovation about plant-based milk. Recommendations for future research and practice are provided

Juventud, sectores populares y TIC en la Argentina

El artículo problematiza diferentes conceptos usualmente utilizados en el abordaje del vínculo entre Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) y los sectores populares a partir de una investigación dedicada al estudio de la experiencia juvenil con la computadora e Internet en diferentes espacios de acceso público a las TIC situados en contextos de pobreza urbana en Argentina. Se recuperan nociones como la de brecha digital, pobreza digital y apropiación, al tiempo en que se indagan las estrategias que los sectores populares desarrollan para suplir las deficiencias sufridas en términos de acceso a equipamiento, conexión y competencias, y se reconstruyen las prácticas y significados otorgados a las TIC en la vida cotidiana de las y los jóvenes. A partir de los resultados del trabajo de campo de esta investigación y del análisis conceptual se alerta sobre la extrapolación acrítica de la difundida metáfora de “nativos digitales” a estas complejas realidades locales.Based on a research dedicated to assess the impact of public access to computers and Internet on urban poor youth in Argentina, this paper discusses those concepts that are commonly used in Poverty and ICT studies. Notions such as Digital Divide, Digital Poverty and Appropriation are analyzed as well as the strategies used by these groups to with ICT to compensate for their lack of access to equipment, connectivity and competencies. Youth practices and meanings attached to these technologies in their daily life are recovered in the work. Following this theoretical analysis and with the fieldwork results of the research the work addresses the problems surrounding a-critical extrapolations of the “digital natives” metaphor in such complex local realities.Fil: Benitez Larghi, Hector Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Aguerre Regusci, Carolina Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de San Andrés; ArgentinaFil: Calamari, Marina Laura. Universidad de San Andrés; ArgentinaFil: Fontecoba, Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Moguillansky, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Ponce de León, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Juventud, sectores populares y TIC en la Argentina

El artículo problematiza diferentes conceptos usualmente utilizados en el abordaje del vínculo entre Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) y los sectores populares a partir de una investigación dedicada al estudio de la experiencia juvenil con la computadora e Internet en diferentes espacios de acceso público a las TIC situados en contextos de pobreza urbana en Argentina. Se recuperan nociones como la de brecha digital, pobreza digital y apropiación, al tiempo en que se indagan las estrategias que los sectores populares desarrollan para suplir las deficiencias sufridas en términos de acceso a equipamiento, conexión y competencias, y se reconstruyen las prácticas y significados otorgados a las TIC en la vida cotidiana de las y los jóvenes. A partir de los resultados del trabajo de campo de esta investigación y del análisis conceptual se alerta sobre la extrapolación acrítica de la difundida metáfora de “nativos digitales” a estas complejas realidades locales.Based on a research dedicated to assess the impact of public access to computers and Internet on urban poor youth in Argentina, this paper discusses those concepts that are commonly used in Poverty and ICT studies. Notions such as Digital Divide, Digital Poverty and Appropriation are analyzed as well as the strategies used by these groups to with ICT to compensate for their lack of access to equipment, connectivity and competencies. Youth practices and meanings attached to these technologies in their daily life are recovered in the work. Following this theoretical analysis and with the fieldwork results of the research the work addresses the problems surrounding a-critical extrapolations of the “digital natives” metaphor in such complex local realities.Fil: Benitez Larghi, Hector Sebastian. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Aguerre Regusci, Carolina Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de San Andrés; ArgentinaFil: Calamari, Marina Laura. Universidad de San Andrés; ArgentinaFil: Fontecoba, Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Moguillansky, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Ponce de León, Jimena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Association of mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics and anastomotic leak following left sided colorectal resection:an international, multi-centre, prospective audit

Introduction: The optimal bowel preparation strategy to minimise the risk of anastomotic leak is yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine whether oral antibiotics combined with mechanical bowel preparation (MBP+Abx) was associated with a reduced risk of anastomotic leak when compared to mechanical bowel preparation alone (MBP) or no bowel preparation (NBP). Methods: A pre-planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) 2017 Left Sided Colorectal Resection audit was performed. Patients undergoing elective left sided colonic or rectal resection with primary anastomosis between 1 January 2017 and 15 March 2017 by any operative approach were included. The primary outcome measure was anastomotic leak. Results: Of 3676 patients across 343 centres in 47 countries, 618 (16.8%) received MBP+ABx, 1945 MBP (52.9%) and 1099 patients NBP (29.9%). Patients undergoing MBP+ABx had the lowest overall rate of anastomotic leak (6.1%, 9.2%, 8.7% respectively) in unadjusted analysis. After case-mix adjustment using a mixed-effects multivariable regression model, MBP+Abx was associated with a lower risk of anastomotic leak (OR 0.52, 0.30–0.92, P = 0.02) but MBP was not (OR 0.92, 0.63–1.36, P = 0.69) compared to NBP. Conclusion: This non-randomised study adds ‘real-world’, contemporaneous, and prospective evidence of the beneficial effects of combined mechanical bowel preparation and oral antibiotics in the prevention of anastomotic leak following left sided colorectal resection across diverse settings. We have also demonstrated limited uptake of this strategy in current international colorectal practice

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion: Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Evaluating the incidence of pathological complete response in current international rectal cancer practice

The mainstay of management for locally advanced rectal cancer is chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical resection. Following chemoradiotherapy, a complete response may be detected clinically and radiologically (cCR) prior to surgery or pathologically after surgery (pCR). We aim to report the overall complete pathological response (pCR) rate and the reliability of detecting a cCR by conventional pre-operative imaging.A pre-planned analysis of the European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) 2017 audit was performed. Patients treated by elective rectal resection were included. A pCR was defined as a ypT0 N0 EMVI negative primary tumour; a partial response represented any regression from baseline staging following chemoradiotherapy. The primary endpoint was the pCR rate. The secondary endpoint was agreement between post-treatment MRI restaging (yMRI) and final pathological staging.Of 2572 patients undergoing rectal cancer surgery in 277 participating centres across 44 countries, 673 (26.2%) underwent chemoradiotherapy and surgery. The pCR rate was 10.3% (67/649), with a partial response in 35.9% (233/649) patients. Comparison of AJCC stage determined by post-treatment yMRI with final pathology showed understaging in 13% (55/429) and overstaging in 34% (148/429). Agreement between yMRI and final pathology for T-stage, N-stage, or AJCC status were each graded as 'fair' only (n = 429, Kappa 0.25, 0.26 and 0.35 respectively).The reported pCR rate of 10% highlights the potential for non-operative management in selected cases. The limited strength of agreement between basic conventional post-chemoradiotherapy imaging assessment techniques and pathology suggest alternative markers of response should be considered, in the context of controlled clinical trials