Coffea arabica L. nutritional status survey based on dris, in the Upper Paranaíba region - Minas Gerais

Os solos sob vegetação de Cerrado têm a característica marcante da baixa fertilidade natural, como os solos da região do Alto Paranaíba-MG, cuja característica também está associada ao uso de baixas doses de fertilizantes, o que pode acarretar desequilíbrio nutricional das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional da cafeicultura na região do Alto Paranaíba - MG, utilizando o método DRIS (Sistema Integrado de Diagnose e Recomendação) para interpretação das análises de folhas, aplicação do Potencial de Resposta à Adubação sobre os índices DRIS e análise das correlações e interações entre concentrações dos nutrientes nas folhas e índices DRIS. As amostras foliares foram coletadas na fase fenológica do chumbinho, retirando-se dois pares de folhas de cada planta em 20 plantas ao acaso, em 59 lavouras comerciais na região do Alto Paranaíba - MG. Foram determinados os teores de nutrientes, os quais foram interpretados pelo método DRIS. O DRIS apontou os principais nutrientes limitantes à produtividade na região do Alto Paranaíba - MG: P, Fe, K = Mn e Zn = B. Os nutrientes com maior probabilidade de resposta positiva à adubação em lavouras cafeeiras do Alto Paranaíba foram: P, B, Fe, K e Mn. As correlações positivas entre os índices DRIS foram: N (P, K e S), P (K, Mg e S) e K (Mg e S), e as correlações negativas: N (Ca, B, Fe e Zn), P (Ca, B, Fe, Mn e Zn) e K(Ca, B, Fe, Mn e Zn).A striking characteristic of soils under savanna vegetation is the low natural fertility, as in soils in the Upper Paranaíba region - MG. This characteristic is aggravated by the use of low fertilizer quantities, which may cause nutritional imbalance in plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of coffee plants in the Upper Paranaíba region - MG, using the integrated system for diagnose and recommendation (DRIS) to interpret leaf analyses and apply the fertilization response potential to the DRIS index and analyze the correlations and interactions between leaf nutrient concentrations and DRIS index. Coffee leaf samples were collected in the initial fruit growth stage, removing two pairs of leaves from each plant in 20 random plants, in 59 commercial plantations of the region. Nutrient levels were determined and interpreted by the DRIS. DRIS indicated that the yield-limiting nutrients were: P, Fe, K = Mn, and Zn = B. The nutrients to which coffee plants tended to respond positively were: P, B, Fe, K, and Mn. The positives correlations between the DRIS index were: N(P, K and S), P(K, Mg and S) and K(Mg and S), and the negatives correlations: N(Ca, B, Fe, and Zn), P(Ca, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and K(Ca, B, Fe, Mn, and Zn)

ADSORÇÃO DE COBRE E ZINCO EM LATOSSOLOS SUBMETIDOS A FERTILIZANTES NA FORMA DE QUELATOS DE EDTA, SULFATOS E LÍQUIDOS

Diferente das fontes sulfatadas e líquidas as fontes revestidas com quelato reduzem os processos de adsorção pelo seu revestimento orgânico. A adsorção torna-se o principal processo a ser considerado para o entendimento da disponibilidade de micronutrientes. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a adsorção de Cu e Zn em Latossolos utilizando fertilizantes com diferentes características, quelatos de EDTA, fontes líquidas e na forma de sulfato. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial, com oito doses, três repetições em quatro tipos de solos, totalizando 96 análises. As curvas de adsorção de Cu e Zn no solo foram determinadas pela adição de 20 ml de uma solução que continha as concentrações de 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 e 140 mg L-1 do nutriente, na forma dos fertilizantes, quelatos de EDTA, fertilizantes líquidos e sulfatos; em 0,01 mol L-1 de CaCl2.2H2O. Foram determinadas as concentrações do Cu e Zn remanescentes após o período de equilíbrio com CaCl2 através do espectrofotômetro de absorção atômica. Com a obtenção dos dados, estes foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e seguido de regressão polinomial a 5% pelo teste Tukey. Os resultados demonstraram que a adsorção do Cu foi menor utilizando-se a fonte quelatada com EDTA e entre as fontes sulfatadas e líquidas o comportamento com relação à adsorção foram semelhantes. Não houve diferença significativa entre as doses aplicadas, mas entre as fontes, onde a fonte quelatada foi a que resultou em menor adsorção de Zn. O Zn-EDTA resultou em uma menor adsorção de Zn seguida da fonte sulfatada e líquida.  As fontes de micronutrientes quelatadas com EDTA apresentaram menor adsorção de Cu e Zn, independente do solo avaliado em relação às demais fontes

Nutritive value of brachiaria forage intercropping with eucalyptus in a silvopastoral system in the Brazilian cerrado biome

The objective of this study was to evaluate a SPS located in the Cerrado, in relation to forage production characteristics and forage nutritive value during the drought summer period and beginning of the rainy season. An experiment was conducted in Confins, Minas Gerais, Brazil in order to evaluate the forage produced by a silvopastoral system. The system was composed of Eucalyptus tree species (150 trees/ha) and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu forage. The pasture was sampled during the months of May, July and November of 2009, and production (quantitative and qualitative) and bromatological composition were determined. This silvopastoral system appeared to be a sustainable option for animal production in areas with little rainfall. This study suggests that it is possible to observe a considerable increase in nutrient concentrations in shaded forage using silvopastoral systems. This increase was witnessed even in drought conditions, where forage protein values were high, which is important in meeting the maintenance requirements of ruminants. This is especially important in the Cerrado biome, which frequently experiences droughts. The presence of the tree species Eucalyptus did not interfere in forage dry matter production Trees appeared to reduce forage water stress while simultaneously increasing mineral concentrations. This silvopastoral system appeared to be a sustainable option for animal production in areas with little rainfall

Foliar application of titanium on potato crop

Although titanium (Ti) is not considered a nutrient, researches demonstrate that Ti leaf application can provide beneficial effects on plants growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of foliar applications of Ti levels on the metabolism, nutrient uptake and yield of potato crop, Agate cultivar. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed of 0, 10.2, 15.3, 20.4 and 22.9 g Ti ha-1, divided into three applications during the growth stage, tuberization stage and tuber filling stage. Foliar applications of Ti increase the chlorophyll content (Spad value) in the tuber filling stage. Ti levels do not interfere with N, Zn and Cu nutrient accumulation. Increasing Ti levels linearly reduce the Mn, lipid peroxidation (PL) and urease content and increase the activity of peroxidase (POD), nitrate reductase (ANR), catalase (CAT), proline and Fe content in the growth stage, with maximum level around 3 to 6 g Ti ha-1. In the tuberization stage, at high levels of Ti, there is an increase in urease activity and CAT while ANR has its lowest value. In the tuber filling stage, high Ti levels are related to high Fe, Mn, high ANR and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and low PL activity. The ideal level of titanium applied by leaf for greater yield of tubers is 11.3 g of Ti ha-1

Acúmulo de silício e tolerância ao déficit hídrico em capins do gênero Brachiaria

Efeitos benéficos da adubação com silício (Si) têm sido observados em várias espécies vegetais, especialmente quando estas estão submetidas a estresse biótico ou abiótico. Entre as possíveis razões para a maior adaptabilidade e resistência do capim braquiária nas áreas de baixa fertilidade do solo das regiões do cerrado brasileiro, esta associada à sua capacidade em absorver e acumular Si na parte aérea. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação de Si sobre a produção de matéria seca de duas espécies das gramíneas Brachiaria decumbens Stapf e Brachiaria brizantha Hochst, cultivadas sob dois regimes de umidade no solo. Os ensaios foram instalados em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (5 × 2 × 2) com cinco doses de Si (0, 242, 484, 968 e 1452 kg ha-1), duas tensões de água no solo (60% e 80% da capacidade de campo) e as duas espécies de braquiária. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação, utilizando um dos mais representativos solos da região sob cerrado, Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. As duas espécies de braquiária podem ser consideradas plantas acumuladoras de Si, por apresentarem altos teores de Si na parte aérea. A aplicação de Si no solo aumentou os teores deste elemento nas duas espécies de gramíneas testadas, mas não modificou a tolerância das duas gramíneas ao déficit hídrico, e não afetou a produção de matéria seca.The beneficial effects of silicon (Si) fertilization have been observed for several plant species, especially when submitted to stress, either biotic or abiotic. Among the possible reasons for the greater adaptability and resistance of brachiaria grass in areas of low fertility soils in Brazilian savanna, stands its capacity of absorbing and accumulating Si in aerial parts. To evaluate the effect of Si on dry matter yield of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf and Brachiaria brizantha Hochst, grown under two soil moisture regimes, a trial was set up in a completely randomized design factorial scheme (5 × 2 × 2), with five Si rates: (0; 242; 484; 968 and 1,452 kg ha-1), two soil water tensions (60% and 80% of field capacity) and the two brachiaria species. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse, using one of the most representative soils in the region under cerrado, Typic Haplustox. Both brachiaria species can be considered Si-accumulating plants, since they present high Si contents in their aerial parts. Application of Si to the soil increased the contents of this element in both grass species but did not change their tolerance to water deficit, and did not affect dry matter yield

Biofertilizer in leaf and drip applications: an alternative to increase tomato productivity

The tomato is a species of undetermined growth and extremely demanding in nutrients Therefore, the search of new ways to maximize the use and supply of fertilizers sources and their application mechanisms are important to improve the tomato culture management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application methods of liquid biofertilizer (BF) and the harvest times throughout cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 3x6 factorial with subdivided plot and seven replications. The treatments were foliar and drip BF application and a control, without application of BF, and harvesting time (85; 92; 99; 106; 113; 120 days after transplanting-DAT). Leaf application resulted in a class I production increase in the second week of harvest (92 DAT), while drip application reflected higher class II and III production in the fourth week (106 DAT). In all treatments, at 92 DAT higher production of large fruits (class I) was observed. Production of average fruits (class II) occurred at 92 and 113 DAT and small fruit (class III) production was concentrated at 113 DAT. The adoption of BF, regardless of the application form, provides an increase in total productivity, with an income up to 35% higher. Therefore, biofertilizer is a good source for nutrition implementation aiming at yields and returns in the tomato production chain.The tomato is a species of undetermined growth and extremely demanding in nutrients Therefore, the search of new ways to maximize the use and supply of fertilizers sources and their application mechanisms are important to improve the tomato culture management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application methods of liquid biofertilizer (BF) and the harvest times throughout cultivation. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 3x6 factorial with subdivided plot and seven replications. The treatments were foliar and drip BF application and a control, without application of BF, and harvesting time (85; 92; 99; 106; 113; 120 days after transplanting-DAT). Leaf application resulted in a class I production increase in the second week of harvest (92 DAT), while drip application reflected higher class II and III production in the fourth week (106 DAT). In all treatments, at 92 DAT higher production of large fruits (class I) was observed. Production of average fruits (class II) occurred at 92 and 113 DAT and small fruit (class III) production was concentrated at 113 DAT. The adoption of BF, regardless of the application form, provides an increase in total productivity, with an income up to 35% higher. Therefore, biofertilizer is a good source for nutrition implementation aiming at yields and returns in the tomato production chain

Sugarcane: Organo-Mineral Fertilizers and Biostimulants

The combined application of organic fertilizer with mineral fertilizer increases the yield of sugarcane. It promotes greater residual beneficial effect in relation to the use of each fertilizer in isolation. The organo-mineral fertilizer presents gradual solubilization during the period of development of the crop. Thus, when compared to soluble mineral sources, its agronomic efficiency may be higher. Various types of organic material can be used, such as pig manure, poultry litter, filter cake and sewage sludge, among others. Organic matter is responsible for maintaining and increasing soil porosity to improve water retention and to ensure soil microbial balance. The efficiency in nourishing the sugarcane crops or availing the available nutrients is maximized. The use of biostimulants in world agriculture has achieved significant growth rates in the last decades. Hormone compounds ensure the sustainability of crops. It can be an alternative to improve plant nutrition, support of abiotic and biotic stresses. They act in the activation and potentiation of the metabolism of the cells, give more vigor to the immune system and help to enable the physiological processes in the different stages of development. The emergence and use of new technologies is the way to achieve greater productivity, sustainability and profitability

Plant growth and yield of garlic (Allium sativum L.) under applications of liquid biofertilizers

Garlic is a highly relevant vegetable crop from the food and medicinal point of view in the culture of different peoples around the world. The new discoveries of the active components present in the bulbs increase the demand and require that garlic’s production system meets the demands of the market in quantity and quality. The nutrition in vegetables is crucial for the production and protection of crops, and in the garlic crop it is usual practice to apply minerals via leaf application during the cycle. The use and benefits of organic sources associated with minerals in the garlic crop raise questions about the viability of the leaf application method in this crop. The objective of this study  was to evaluate the effectiveness of biofertilizers containing humic acids applied via leaf application in the crop of garlic (Allium sativum) in relation to the control (absence of humic acid). There was no significant variation for the foliar application of biofertilizers for the development parameters (aerial part, root system and bulb formation) and garlic production classes. Biofertilizer 4 at the dose of 30 L ha-1 stood out compared to the Biofertilizers 2 and 3 for total productivity. The use of foliar biofertilizers with organic components associated with minerals can be considered an interesting alternative for the cultivation of garlic, especially if evaluated in the long term and considering the global benefits to the cultivation system

POTENCIALIDADE DA APLICAÇÃO DE DEJETOS LÍQUIDOS DE SUÍNOS EM PASTAGEM DE BRACHIARIA DECUMBENS

Objetivou-se avaliar a potencialidade de utilização de dejetos de suínos na recuperação de uma pastagem de Brachiaria decumbens e a melhoria das características bromatológicas e alterações nas características químicas do solo. Foram avaliadas a produtividade de MS, os teores de PB, FDN, FDA, lignina, a absorção de macro e micronutrientes na Brachiaria decumbens e os teores de MO, pH, P, K, Ca, Mg no solo. O experimento foi em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com parcelas subdivididas no fator profundidade do solo, em que foram aplicados os seguintes tratamentos: controle sem adubação mineral, controle com adubação mineral, 60, 120 e 180 m3 de dejetos líquidos de suínos e um tratamento organomineral (120 m3 de dejetos de suínos + adubo mineral). Aos 35 dias após aplicação observou-se a equivalência com os tratamentos que receberam adubação orgânica e mineral com relação a PB e manutenção dos teores de FDN, FDA e lignina. Porém a aplicação promoveu incrementos nos teores de N, K, Ca, Mg, Zn e reduziu os de Mn e Fe. No solo observou-se incremento de P, K, Ca e Mg até os 60 cm de profundidade, indicando a necessidade de monitoramento constante para que não haja contaminação de águas subterrâneas. Os dejetos líquidos de suínos podem ser utilizados para fornecer macronutrientes e micronutrientes para as forrageiras desde que com aplicação controlada

Produtividade da cultura do milho em função de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura

A utilização de fontes que apresentam uma liberação lenta dos nutrientes pode reduzir gastos com mão de obra e energia. Nos adubos de liberação lenta, os nutrientes são encapsulados por resinas e liberados lentamente propiciando uma disponibilidade contínua desses elementos para as plantas. O presente trabalho visa avaliar a eficiência agronômica e econômica de fontes de fertilizantes nitrogenados convencionais e revestidos com polímeros na cultura do milho, sob plantio direto. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Sertãozinho, EPAMIG, localizada em Patos de Minas-MG. Os tratamentos foram: controle (sem aplicação de nitrogênio em cobertura), doses de 60; 90; 120; e 150 kg ha-1 de N; com e sem revestimento polimerizado, com uma aplicação em cobertura no estádio V4 ou duas aplicações em cobertura nos estádios V4 e V8. Foram analisados a produtividade de grãos, massa de 1.000 grãos, os teores de N nos tecidos foliares e avaliação econômica. Não houve diferença entre as fontes, as doses e a época de aplicação da Ureia convencional e com revestimento, tanto para produtividade quanto para a massa de 1.000 grãos. A aplicação de ureia convencional proporcionou melhor retorno econômico