Nominal vs. effective wake fields and their influence on propeller cavitation performance

Propeller designers often need to base their design on the nominal model scale wake distribution because the effective full scale distribution is not available. The effects of such incomplete design data on cavitation performance are examined in this paper. The behind-ship cavitation performance of two propellers is evaluated, where the cases considered include propellers operating in the nominal model and full scale wake distributions and in the effective wake distribution, also in the model and full scale. The method for the analyses is a combination of RANS for the ship hull and a panel method for the propeller flow, with a coupling of the two for the interaction of ship and propeller flows. The effect on sheet cavitation due to the different wake distributions is examined for a typical full-form ship. Results show considerable differences in cavitation extent, volume, and hull pressure pulses

Fürstliche Abfindungen: Die Askanier und der Freistaat Anhalt nach 1918

Im Zuge der Novemberrevolution 1918 mussten auch die Askanier in Anhalt ihren Thron räumen und auf ihre Jahrhunderte alte Herrschaft verzichten. Neben vielen anderen Aufgaben und Herausforderungen musste sich die neue Staatsführung zu gegebener Zeit auch mit der ehemals regierenden Familie der Askanier befassen. Generell war zu fragen, wie nun mit dieser entmachteten Dynastie, die seit dem 11. Jahrhundert geherrscht hatte, umzugehen sei. Ganz konkret betraf dies vor allem eine möglich Abfindung, mit der man den Abgang der Askanier nach den Wirren der Revolution offiziell regeln konnte

Criminological Museums and the Visualization of Evil

Criminological museums were established in the late nineteenth century, and they were a product of the positivist criminology at that time. The article describes this special form of museum and its function, trophyization, and to be a sort of visual training program. The examples of Cesare Lombrosos museum in Turin and the criminal museum in Hamburg are able to give a glimpse into contemporary ideas about what a criminological museum was to archive and how it was perceived. The objects are connected with anthropological ideas about criminals, they came to be regarded as important indicators. The article deals with a pre-history of the so-called profiling, and focuses the ideas of visualization of being criminal.Des musées criminologiques, produits de la criminologie positiviste de cette époque, ont été créés à la fin du XIXe siècle. Cet article décrit cette forme muséale particulière et sa fonction: ériger des objets en trophées et constituer en quelque sorte un programme visuel de formation. Les exemples du musée de Cesare Lombroso à Turin, et du musée criminel de Hambourg permettent de comprendre ce qu’un établissement de ce type était censé conserver et comment il était perçu. Les objets étaient liés aux conceptions anthropologiques du criminel. L’article traite ainsi de la pré-histoire du «profilage» et de la représentation du criminel

Investigation of multisensory processing and structural brain differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder

This thesis is an investigation of structural brain abnormalities, as well as multisensory and unisensory processing deficits in autistic traits and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). To achieve this, structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and psychophysical techniques were employed. ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition which is characterised by the social communication and interaction deficits, as well as repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests and activities. These traits are thought to be present in a typical population. The Autism Spectrum Quotient questionnaire (AQ) was developed to assess the prevalence of autistic traits in the general population. Von dem Hagen et al. (2011) revealed a link between AQ with white matter (WM) and grey matter (GM) volume (using voxel-based-morphometry). However, their findings revealed no difference in GM in areas associated with social cognition. Cortical thickness (CT) measurements are known to be a more direct measure of cortical morphology than GM volume. Therefore, Chapter 2 investigated the relationship between AQ scores and CT in the same sample of participants. This study showed that AQ scores correlated with CT in the left temporo-occipital junction, left posterior cingulate, right precentral gyrus and bilateral precentral sulcus, in a typical population. These areas were previously associated with structural and functional differences in ASD. Thus the findings suggest, to some extent, autistic traits are reflected in brain structure - in the general population. The ability to integrate auditory and visual information is crucial to everyday life, and results are mixed regarding how ASD influences audiovisual integration. To investigate this question, Chapter 3 examined the Temporal Integration Window (TIW), which indicates how precisely sight and sound need to be temporally aligned so that a unitary audiovisual event can be perceived. 26 adult males with ASD and 26 age and IQ-matched typically developed males were presented with flash-beep (BF), point-light drummer, and face-voice (FV) displays with varying degrees of asynchrony and asked to make Synchrony Judgements (SJ) and Temporal Order Judgements (TOJ). Analysis of the data included fitting Gaussian functions as well as using an Independent Channels Model (ICM) to fit the data (Garcia-Perez & Alcala-Quintana, 2012). Gaussian curve fitting for SJs showed that the ASD group had a wider TIW, but for TOJ no group effect was found. The ICM supported these results and model parameters indicated that the wider TIW for SJs in the ASD group was not due to sensory processing at the unisensory level, but rather due to decreased temporal resolution at a decisional level of combining sensory information. Furthermore, when performing TOJ, the ICM revealed a smaller Point of Subjective Simultaneity (PSS; closer to physical synchrony) in the ASD group than in the TD group. Finding that audiovisual temporal processing is different in ASD encouraged us to investigate the neural correlates of multisensory as well as unisensory processing using functional magnetic resonance imaging fMRI. Therefore, Chapter 4 investigated audiovisual, auditory and visual processing in ASD of simple BF displays and complex, social FV displays. During a block design experiment, we measured the BOLD signal when 13 adults with ASD and 13 typically developed (TD) age-sex- and IQ- matched adults were presented with audiovisual, audio and visual information of BF and FV displays. Our analyses revealed that processing of audiovisual as well as unisensory auditory and visual stimulus conditions in both the BF and FV displays was associated with reduced activation in ASD. Audiovisual, auditory and visual conditions of FV stimuli revealed reduced activation in ASD in regions of the frontal cortex, while BF stimuli revealed reduced activation the lingual gyri. The inferior parietal gyrus revealed an interaction between stimulus sensory condition of BF stimuli and group. Conjunction analyses revealed smaller regions of the superior temporal cortex (STC) in ASD to be audiovisual sensitive. Against our predictions, the STC did not reveal any activation differences, per se, between the two groups. However, a superior frontal area was shown to be sensitive to audiovisual face-voice stimuli in the TD group, but not in the ASD group. Overall this study indicated differences in brain activity for audiovisual, auditory and visual processing of social and non-social stimuli in individuals with ASD compared to TD individuals. These results contrast previous behavioural findings, suggesting different audiovisual integration, yet intact auditory and visual processing in ASD. Our behavioural findings revealed audiovisual temporal processing deficits in ASD during SJ tasks, therefore we investigated the neural correlates of SJ in ASD and TD controls. Similar to Chapter 4, we used fMRI in Chapter 5 to investigate audiovisual temporal processing in ASD in the same participants as recruited in Chapter 4. BOLD signals were measured while the ASD and TD participants were asked to make SJ on audiovisual displays of different levels of asynchrony: the participants’ PSS, audio leading visual information (audio first), visual leading audio information (visual first). Whereas no effect of group was found with BF displays, increased putamen activation was observed in ASD participants compared to TD participants when making SJs on FV displays. Investigating SJ on audiovisual displays in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (STG), an area involved in audiovisual integration (see Chapter 4), we found no group differences or interaction between group and levels of audiovisual asynchrony. The investigation of different levels of asynchrony revealed a complex pattern of results indicating a network of areas more involved in processing PSS than audio first and visual first, as well as areas responding differently to audio first compared to video first. These activation differences between audio first and video first in different brain areas are constant with the view that audio leading and visual leading stimuli are processed differently

Open Access in der alltäglichen Diskussion

Der Beitrag thematisiert das Dilemma, in welches man nicht selten gerät, wenn man Angebote der eigenen Einrichtung vorstellt, sich allgemein für Open Access engagiert oder in Diskussionen mit anderen Akteuren des Wissenschaftsbetriebes tritt. Aufgrund der alten und längst nicht überwundenen Problemlagen, wie Wachstum des Wissenschaftsbetriebes, überproportionale Preissteigerungen versus stagnierende Bibliotheksbudgets und eine allgemein schwierige Publikationskultur innerhalb der Wissenschaft, muss man immer wieder auf Vorwürfe reagieren, die direkt nichts mit Open Access zu tun haben. Unseriöse Angebote einzelner Verlage, die Auswirkungen des DEAL-Projekts und der Umgang mit Diensten wie Scihub verunsichern allgemein und werden vorschnell mit Open Access in Verbindung gebracht. Der Beitrag versucht das Dilemma wenigstens teilweise aufzulösen, in dem deutlich gemacht wird in welchem Verhältnis die immer wieder genannten Probleme und Open Access tatsächlich stehen