Mineral Interaction in Biofortified Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) with Magnesium

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Contribución de la Paleofitogeografía a la interpretación del paisaje vegetal ibérico: estado de conocimientos y nuevas perspectivas de investigación

The palaeobotanical studies that have been accomplished in the Iberian Peninsula during the last two decades have provided a great amount of data that can be applied in geobotanical knowledge. In most of the cases, those results have contributed to solve classical scientific debates regarding vegetal landscapes interpretations. One of the most relevant discussions is related to the aloctonous or non-aloctonous origin of much of the Iberian pine forests, on diverse Iberian habitats. The main contributions of Palaeobotany to the processes that explain the present distribution of plants are reviewed in a spatial and temporal framework, from old geological periods (Mesozoic, Tertiary) to the recent ones (Pleistocene, Holocene). Linked to the history of our vegetal landscapes, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs have been treated from two different points of view: firstly the problems within extensive territorial environments and, secondly, the problems related to the interpretation of the evolution and/or behaviour of taxa. In the last part, some new investigation trends related to palaeophytogeography are exposed, focusing on the high potential interest on being applied to Iberian ecosystems.Los trabajos de carácter paleobotánico realizados en la península Ibérica en las dos últimas décadas han proporcionado un importante volumen de resultados con aplicación en el ámbito del conocimiento geobotánico. En muchos casos, esos resultados han aportado soluciones a debates clásicos relativos a la interpretación del paisaje vegetal. Uno de los más conocidos es el de la consideración, como espontáneos o no, de muchos de los pinares ibéricos en diferentes ámbitos del territorio peninsular. Se revisan las contribuciones más importantes de la Paleobotánica a los procesos que explican la actual distribución de las plantas, en un marco tanto espacial como temporal, desde periodos geológicos antiguos (Mesozoico, Terciario) a los más recientes (Pleistoceno, Holoceno). Dentro de estos últimos nos hemos referido, por una parte, a problemas planteados en ámbitos territoriales extensos y, por otra, a problemas vinculados a la interpretación de la evolución y/o comportamiento de taxones concretos. Por último se hace referencia a las tendencias recientes y nuevas metodologías de aplicación en paleofitogeografía, aludiendo a los primeros resultados que hayan podido proporcionar en el marco peninsular

Holocene geochemical footprint from Semiarid alpine wetlands in southern Spain

Here we provide the geochemical dataset that our research group has collected after 10 years of investigation in the Sierra Nevada National Park in southern Spain. These data come from Holocene sedimentary records from four alpine sites (ranging from ∼2500 to ∼3000 masl): two peatlands and two shallow lakes. Different kinds of organic and inorganic analyses have been conducted. The organic matter in the bulk sediment was characterised using elemental measurements and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Leaf waxes in the sediment were investigated by means of chromatography with flame-ionization detection and mass spectrometry (GC-FID, GC-MS). Major, minor and trace elements of the sediments were analysed with atomic absorption (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), as well as X-ray scanning fluorescence. These data can be reused by environmental researchers and soil and land managers of the Sierra Nevada National Park and similar regions to identify the effect of natural climate change, overprinted by human impact, as well as to project new management policies in similar protected areas.Universidad de Granada. Departamento de Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaJunta de Andalucía: Grupos de investigación RNM190 y RNM309Junta de Andalucía: Proyecto P11-RNM-7332España, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: Proyecto CGL2013-47038-RRamón y Cajal Fellowship: RYC-2015-18966Small Research Grant by the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of ScotlandMarie Curie Intra-European Fellowship of the 7th Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration of the European Commission: NAOSIPUK. Grant Number: PIEF-GA-2012-62302

Study protocol for the multicentre cohorts of Zika virus infection in pregnant women, infants, and acute clinical cases in Latin America and the Caribbean: The ZIKAlliance consortium

Background: The European Commission (EC) Horizon 2020 (H2020)-funded ZIKAlliance Consortium designed a multicentre study including pregnant women (PW), children (CH) and natural history (NH) cohorts. Clinical sites were selected over a wide geographic range within Latin America and the Caribbean, taking into account the dynamic course of the ZIKV epidemic. Methods: Recruitment to the PW cohort will take place in antenatal care clinics. PW will be enrolled regardless of symptoms and followed over the course of pregnancy, approximately every 4 weeks. PW will be revisited at delivery (or after miscarriage/abortion) to assess birth outcomes, including microcephaly and other congenital abnormalities according to the evolving definition of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). After birth, children will be followed for 2 years in the CH cohort. Follow-up visits are scheduled at ages 1-3, 4-6, 12, and 24 months to assess neurocognitive and developmental milestones. In addition, a NH cohort for the characterization of symptomatic rash/fever illness was designed, including follow-up to capture persisting health problems. Blood, urine, and other biological materials will be collected, and tested for ZIKV and other relevant arboviral diseases (dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever) using RT-PCR or serological methods. A virtual, decentralized biobank will be created. Reciprocal clinical monitoring has been established between partner sites. Substudies of ZIKV seroprevalence, transmissio

Caracterización fitoecológica de als comunidades de Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii en los afloramientos rocosos del Sistema Ibérico meridional

Se describen los pinares rupícolas de Pinus nigra Arnold sobre las mesas dolomíticas y calcáreas del Sistema Ibérico meridional y se propone un esquema dinámico que explica el comportamiento natural del pino negral en estos medios

Les forêts de Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii des Pyrénées aragonaises

Gamisans, J., Gruber, M. & Regato, P. Les forêts de Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii des Pyrénées aragonaises. Lazaroa 12:147-151 (1991). Confirmation de la présence du Lonicero-Pinetum thalictretosum, climacique dans les Pyrénées aragonaises sur substrats calcaires. Il s'y développe, à l'étage supraméditerranéen, dans des conditions climatiques méditerranéo-continentales mais relativement xéro-thermiques

Natural black pine (Pinus nigra subsp salzmannii) forests of the Iberian eastern mountains: development of the phytoecological basis for their site evaluation

A phytoecological study of the Pinus nigra subsp salzmannii forests in the dolomite-limestone mountains of eastern Spain was undertaken. Starting from several floristic and ecological data collected from 355 relevés, classification and ordination numerical analysis were realized. A typification of the different pine forest communities was thus obtained and a series of floristic groups was defined, which can be used as a basis for the classification of distinct sites. Following the phytosociological method, 2 main groups, which can be considered as climax vegetation of the high supra- and mountain-Mediterranean levels, have been defined: a continental group, Thalictro tuberosi-Pinetum salzmannii, and a subcontinental group, Lonicero xylostei-Pinetum salzmannii, which represents the southern range limit of Pinus nigra forests in the eastern Pyrenees.Typologie phytoécologique des stations forestières: les forêts naturelles de pin de Salzmann (Pinus nigra subsp salzmannii) des montagnes orientales ibériques. La présente étude concerne la caractérisation phytoécologique des forêts de Pinus nigra subsp salzmannü des montagnes orientales de l'Espagne. Des analyses numériques de classification et ordination ont été réalisées avec 355 relevés comprenant des données floristiques et écologiques. La typologie des différents groupements silvatiques de Pinus salzmannii a permis d'établir plusieurs groupes floristiques, susceptibles d'être utilisés dans la caractérisation des stations forestières de cette essence. Selon la méthode phytosociologique, ont été distinguées 2 associations qui représentent sûrement la végétation climatique à l'horizon supérieur de l'étage supraméditerranéen et à l'étage montagnard-méditerranéen : Thalictro tuberosi-Pinetum salzmannii dans la partie occidentale avec des conditions climatiques méditerranéo-continentales, et Lonicero xylostei-Pinetum salzmannii dans la partie orientale avec des conditions climatiques sub-continentales. Les forêts de pin de Salzmann qui appartiennent à la dernière association représentent la limite méridionale de ce groupement caractéristique des Pyrénées orientales

Estudio autoecológico comparativo de Pinus nigra Arn. subespecie salzmannii de la Península Ibérica y otras subespecies de la región circunmediterránea

 The ecological significance of mediterranean pine forests and their status as native plants are controversial questions which have resulted in much misinterpretation and ignorance of their role within plant communities. The concept of climax community is of little use in the mediterranean region, and should be abandoned in favor of a more dynamic view of the processes which influence vegetation structure. Pinus nigra serves as a good example, given its importance in mountainous areas throughout the mediterranean region where its various subspecies are found. Among these distinct subspecies, great adaptive similarities may be observed in comparative phytoecological analysis. The autoecological features of Iberian subspecies have been defined after an extensive field survey recording climatic, edaphic, vegetational, and silvicultural data throughout its distributional range. The central distribution nucleus has been more intensively surveyed in order to study in greater depth the dynamics of the Pinus nigra community and its role in succession. Comparisons with other subspecies throughout the mediterranean region have been made, particularly with the ecologically more similar ones (Subsp. laricio, subsp. pallasiana and subsp. dalmatica). This species defines potential forest stands under suitable climatic conditions at both extremes of the mediterranean region (Greece/Turkey and the Iberian Peninsula). It also occupies sites of extreme severity both geomorphologically (rocky outcrops and steep slopes) and lithologically (dolomites, serpentines, etc.), where it may sometimes play an important edaphogenetic role. Our results showed more than 50 p. 100 of low developed soils (Rendzinas). In addition, it forms secondary pine stands which have expanded their range due to human activity. Pinewoods consisting of different subspecies show quite similar understories. Nevertheless, it is possible to define two community types: a) Submediterranean: with abundant deciduous species, but under drier environmental conditions than the marescent communities. b) Stepic cold mediterranean: with a cushion scrub appearing mainly in eastern and western regions, occupying even the highest mountainous forest belts. The intense biogeomorphological dynamism of these mountainous areas causes constant natural modifications, defining a mosaic of communities in which Pinus nigra has a great ecological importance.Una vez analizadas las características autoecológicas de la subespecie salzmannii de Pinus nigra Arn, definidas tras un extensivo reconocimiento de campo de toda su área de distribución ibérica, son comparadas aquí con las de las otras subespecies presentes en la región circunmediterránea, especialmente las ecológicamente más similares [Subsp. laricio, subsp. pallasiana y subsp. dalmatica]. Los pinares de las distintas subespecies presentan bastantes parecidos: dentro de esa pauta pueden definirse dos principales tipos de comunidades: a) Submediterráneas. b) Mediterráneas de estepa fría. La dinámica de las comunidades vegetales de los pinares es estudiada más profundamente en el núcleo central (Sistema Ibérico). El intenso dinamismo biogeomorfológico de esas áreas montañosas da lugar a constantes modificaciones naturales que definen un mosaico de comunidades en las que Pinus nigra juega un importante papel ecológico